六盘山盆地早白垩世烃源岩沉积有机相研究
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摘要
六盘山盆地早白垩世烃源岩主要为灰色、灰黑色的湖相泥岩、灰质泥岩和泥灰岩,根据有机岩石学、沉积学和有机地球化学特征分析,该区沉积有机相存在4种类型(深湖-半深湖藻质有机相、滨浅湖草本-藻质有机相、三角洲覆水草本有机相和河流草木混生有机相)。通过分析烃源岩沉积有机相空间变化特征,提出烃源岩发育的有利沉积相带及分布特征:深湖-半深湖藻质有机相在盆地广泛分布,有机质来源以藻类等低等水生生物为主,有机质丰度高,为烃源岩发育的有利生烃相带,对生烃贡献最大;滨浅湖草本-藻质有机相分布范围次之,有机质类型以Ⅱ_1~Ⅱ_2型为主,具备生油和生气的母质基础;三角洲覆水草本有机相和河流草木混生有机相主要分布在盆地北部边缘,母质类型相对较差,对生烃贡献不大。
The Early Cretaceous source rocks in Liupanshan Basin mainly comprise grey and grey-black lacustrine mudstone, lime mudstone, and marlite. According to organic petrology, sedimentology, and organic geochemistry of source rocks, the sedimentary organic facies in this region can be divided into four types: deep-semi deep lacustrine algae, shore-shallow lacustrine herb-algae, delta shallow water herb, and river herb-woody organic facies. The current study provides an objective analysis of the space change of organic facies and suggests favorable facies belts and distribution characteristics of organic facies. The deep-semi deep lacustrine algae organic facies is the most favorable hydrocarbon generation facies and is widely distributed in this basin. Its organic matter is primarily low aquatic organisms like algae, and has relatively higher organic matter abundance. This facies accounts for the largest contribution towards hydrocarbon generation. The shore shallow lacustrine herb algae organic facies is the second most widely distributed facies. The organic matter type is mainly Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2, which is the base material for the generation of oil and gas. The delta shallow water herb organic facies and the river herb-woody organic facies are mainly concentrated in the northern margin of the basin and generally have poor organic matter content. Therefore, their contribution towards hydrocarbon generation is low.
The Early Cretaceous source rocks in Liupanshan Basin mainly comprise grey and grey-black lacustrine mudstone, lime mudstone, and marlite. According to organic petrology, sedimentology, and organic geochemistry of source rocks, the sedimentary organic facies in this region can be divided into four types: deep-semi deep lacustrine algae, shore-shallow lacustrine herb-algae, delta shallow water herb, and river herb-woody organic facies. The current study provides an objective analysis of the space change of organic facies and suggests favorable facies belts and distribution characteristics of organic facies. The deep-semi deep lacustrine algae organic facies is the most favorable hydrocarbon generation facies and is widely distributed in this basin. Its organic matter is primarily low aquatic organisms like algae, and has relatively higher organic matter abundance. This facies accounts for the largest contribution towards hydrocarbon generation. The shore shallow lacustrine herb algae organic facies is the second most widely distributed facies. The organic matter type is mainly Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2, which is the base material for the generation of oil and gas. The delta shallow water herb organic facies and the river herb-woody organic facies are mainly concentrated in the northern margin of the basin and generally have poor organic matter content. Therefore, their contribution towards hydrocarbon generation is low.
引文
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[10]郇玉龙,崔红庄,尚应军,赵海华.六盘山盆地构造样式与油气分布[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(5):31–46.Huan Yu-long,Cui Hong-zhuang,Shang Ying-jun,Zhao Hai-hua.Structural patterns and hydrocarbon distribution in Liupanshan Basin[J].Mar Geol Front,2011,27(5):31–46(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]曲红军,李文厚,何希鹏,梁文华,黎荣剑,王文武.六盘山盆地下白垩统沉积层序与含油气系统[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,33(1):70–74.Qu Hong-jun,Li Wen-hou,He Xi-peng,Liang Wen-hua,Li Rong-jian,Wang Wen-Wu.Discussion on sequence stratigraphy and petroleum system of the Lower Cretaceous in Liupanshan Basin[J].J Northw Univ(Nat Sci Ed),2003,33(1):70–74(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]林小云,胡望水,谢锐杰.六盘山盆地与酒西盆地成藏条件对比[J].天然气工业,2006,26(4):21–23.Lin Xiao-yun,Hu Wang-shui,Xie Rui-jie.A comparison of reservoiring conditions between Liupanshan and Jiuxi basins[J].Nat Gas Ind,2006,26(4):21–23(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]章贵松,张军,任军峰,王欣.六盘山弧形冲断体系构造新认识[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):542–544.Zhang Gui-song,Zhang Jun,Ren Jun-feng,Wang Xin.Approach to Liupanshan arc thrust system in Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Pet Geol,2006,27(5):542–544(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]崔红庄,王金铎,尹克敏,赵海华.六盘山盆地早白垩世沉积演化特征分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):411–416.Cui Hong-zhuang,Wang Jin-duo,Yin Ke-min,Zhao Hai-hua.Charcteristics of sedimentary evolution of Early Cretaceous in Liupanshan Basin[J].J Xi’an Univ Sci Tech,2013,33(4):411–416(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]黄第藩,胡见义.中国陆相石油地质理论基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991:194–202.Huang Di-fan,Hu Jian-yi.China’s continental petroleum geology theory foundation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991:194–202(in Chinese).
[16]高福红,刘立,高红梅,樊馥.鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩沉积有机相划分和评价[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(4):717–720.Gao Fu-hong,Liu Li,Gao Hong-mei,Fan Fu.Classification and estimation of sedimentary organic facies of Early Cretaceous source rocks in Jixi Basin[J].J Jilin Univ(Earth Sci Ed),2007,37(4):717–720(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]彭立才,杨慧珠,刘兰桂,吕宗伦,保吉成.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩沉积有机相划分及评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(2):178–181.Peng Li-cai,Yang Hui-zhu,Liu Lan-gui,LüZong-lun,Bao Ji-cheng.Classification and estimation of organic facies in Jurassic source rocks from north margin,Chaidamu Basin[J].Oil Gas Geol,2001,22(2):178–181(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]李华明.吐哈盆地中下侏罗统煤系沉积环境与煤沼有机相[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(4):301–304.Li Hua-ming.Sedimentary environment of coal measures strata and coal swamp organic phase of Middle-Lower Jurassic in Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Xinjiang Pet Geol,2000,21(4):301–304(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]滑双君,王书香,李会慎,翟桂云,肖枚.大港探区煤系烃源岩沉积有机相划分[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,14(4):260–263.Hua Shuang-jun,Wang Shu-xiang,Li Hui-shen,Zhai Gui-yun,Xiao Mei.Depositional organic facies division of coal bearing source rocks in Dagang fields[J].Oil Gas Geol,2003,14(4):260–263(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]金奎励,王宜林.新疆准噶尔侏罗系煤成油[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:109–123.Jin Kui-li,Wang Yi-lin.Oil from Jurassic Coal in Junggar,Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:102–123(in Chinese).
[21]姚素平,胡文瑄,焦堃.煤、油、气共存富集的地球化学判识模式[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(2):196–205.Yao Su-ping,Hu Wen-xuan,Jiao Kun.The geochemical model of petroleum,natural gas and coal multi-resource system[J].Geol J China Univ,2011,17(2):196–205(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]姚素平,张科,胡文瑄,房洪峰,焦堃.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积有机相[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):74–89.Yao Su-ping,Zhang Ke,Hu Wen-xuan,Fang Hong-feng,Jiao Kun.Sedimentary organic facies of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Oil Gas Geol,2009,30(1):74–89(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Batten D J.Palynofacies organic maturation and source potential for petroleum[M]//Brooks J.Organic maturation studies and fossil fuel exploration.London:Academic Press,1981:201–203.
[3]Jones R.Organic facies[M]//Welte D.Advance in Petroleum Geochemistry.London:Academic Press,1987,2:1–90.
[4]李君文,陈洪德,田景春,侯中建.沉积有机相的研究现状及其应用[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2004,24(2):96–100.Li Jun-wen,Chen Hong-de,Tian Jing-chun,Hou Zhong-jian.Sedimentary organic facies:Current research and applications[J].Sediment Geol Tethy Geol,2004,24(2):96–100(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]李华东,王荣福,吴心一,陆嘉炎,周雷风.有机相在油气源岩与油气评价中的作用:以下扬子区二叠系为例[J].石油实验地质,1993,15(2):201–212.Li Hua-dong,Wang Rong-fu,Wu Xin-yi,Lu Jia-yan,Zhou Lei-feng.The role of organic facies in evaluation of source rocks and oil/gas:A case study in the Permian system of lower Yangtze[J].Cent Lab Pet Geol,1993,15(2):201–212(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]郭迪孝,胡民.陆相盆地沉积有机相分析[M]//石油与天然气地质文集(2).北京:地质出版社,1989:191–199.Guo Di-xiao,Hu Min.The sedimentary organic facies analysis of terrestrial basin[M]//Selected Papers on Petroleum and Natural Gas Geology(2).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989:191–199(in Chinese).
[7]郝芳,陈建榆.层序和体系域的有机相构成及其研究意义[J].地质科技情报,1995,14(3):79–83.Hao Fang,Chen Jian-yu.Organic facies compositions of sequences and systems tracts and its studying significances[J].Geol Sci Tech Inf,1995,14(3):79–83(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]郝芳,陈建榆,孙永传,解习农.有机相研究及其在盆地分析中的应用[J].沉积学报,1994,12(4):77–85.Hao Fang,Chen Jian-yu,Sun Yong-chuan,Xie Xi-nong.Or-ganic facies studies and their use in sedimentary basin analysis[J].Acta Sediment Sinica,1994,12(4):77–85(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]姚素平,毛鹤龄,金奎励,魏辉.准噶尔盆地侏罗系西山窑组沉积有机相研究及烃源岩评价[J].中国矿业大学学报,1997,26(1):60–64.Yao Su-ping,Mao He-ling,Jin Kui-li,Wei Hui.Study of sedimentary orginic facies and the evaluating of source rock on Xishanyao Formation coal-bearing strata of Jurassic System in Junggar Basin[J].J China Univ Min Tech,1997,26(1):60–64(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]郇玉龙,崔红庄,尚应军,赵海华.六盘山盆地构造样式与油气分布[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(5):31–46.Huan Yu-long,Cui Hong-zhuang,Shang Ying-jun,Zhao Hai-hua.Structural patterns and hydrocarbon distribution in Liupanshan Basin[J].Mar Geol Front,2011,27(5):31–46(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]曲红军,李文厚,何希鹏,梁文华,黎荣剑,王文武.六盘山盆地下白垩统沉积层序与含油气系统[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2003,33(1):70–74.Qu Hong-jun,Li Wen-hou,He Xi-peng,Liang Wen-hua,Li Rong-jian,Wang Wen-Wu.Discussion on sequence stratigraphy and petroleum system of the Lower Cretaceous in Liupanshan Basin[J].J Northw Univ(Nat Sci Ed),2003,33(1):70–74(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]林小云,胡望水,谢锐杰.六盘山盆地与酒西盆地成藏条件对比[J].天然气工业,2006,26(4):21–23.Lin Xiao-yun,Hu Wang-shui,Xie Rui-jie.A comparison of reservoiring conditions between Liupanshan and Jiuxi basins[J].Nat Gas Ind,2006,26(4):21–23(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]章贵松,张军,任军峰,王欣.六盘山弧形冲断体系构造新认识[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):542–544.Zhang Gui-song,Zhang Jun,Ren Jun-feng,Wang Xin.Approach to Liupanshan arc thrust system in Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Pet Geol,2006,27(5):542–544(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]崔红庄,王金铎,尹克敏,赵海华.六盘山盆地早白垩世沉积演化特征分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2013,33(4):411–416.Cui Hong-zhuang,Wang Jin-duo,Yin Ke-min,Zhao Hai-hua.Charcteristics of sedimentary evolution of Early Cretaceous in Liupanshan Basin[J].J Xi’an Univ Sci Tech,2013,33(4):411–416(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]黄第藩,胡见义.中国陆相石油地质理论基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991:194–202.Huang Di-fan,Hu Jian-yi.China’s continental petroleum geology theory foundation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991:194–202(in Chinese).
[16]高福红,刘立,高红梅,樊馥.鸡西盆地早白垩世烃源岩沉积有机相划分和评价[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(4):717–720.Gao Fu-hong,Liu Li,Gao Hong-mei,Fan Fu.Classification and estimation of sedimentary organic facies of Early Cretaceous source rocks in Jixi Basin[J].J Jilin Univ(Earth Sci Ed),2007,37(4):717–720(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]彭立才,杨慧珠,刘兰桂,吕宗伦,保吉成.柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩沉积有机相划分及评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(2):178–181.Peng Li-cai,Yang Hui-zhu,Liu Lan-gui,LüZong-lun,Bao Ji-cheng.Classification and estimation of organic facies in Jurassic source rocks from north margin,Chaidamu Basin[J].Oil Gas Geol,2001,22(2):178–181(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]李华明.吐哈盆地中下侏罗统煤系沉积环境与煤沼有机相[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(4):301–304.Li Hua-ming.Sedimentary environment of coal measures strata and coal swamp organic phase of Middle-Lower Jurassic in Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Xinjiang Pet Geol,2000,21(4):301–304(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]滑双君,王书香,李会慎,翟桂云,肖枚.大港探区煤系烃源岩沉积有机相划分[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,14(4):260–263.Hua Shuang-jun,Wang Shu-xiang,Li Hui-shen,Zhai Gui-yun,Xiao Mei.Depositional organic facies division of coal bearing source rocks in Dagang fields[J].Oil Gas Geol,2003,14(4):260–263(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]金奎励,王宜林.新疆准噶尔侏罗系煤成油[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:109–123.Jin Kui-li,Wang Yi-lin.Oil from Jurassic Coal in Junggar,Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:102–123(in Chinese).
[21]姚素平,胡文瑄,焦堃.煤、油、气共存富集的地球化学判识模式[J].高校地质学报,2011,17(2):196–205.Yao Su-ping,Hu Wen-xuan,Jiao Kun.The geochemical model of petroleum,natural gas and coal multi-resource system[J].Geol J China Univ,2011,17(2):196–205(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]姚素平,张科,胡文瑄,房洪峰,焦堃.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积有机相[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):74–89.Yao Su-ping,Zhang Ke,Hu Wen-xuan,Fang Hong-feng,Jiao Kun.Sedimentary organic facies of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Oil Gas Geol,2009,30(1):74–89(in Chinese with English abstract).