贵州普定喀斯特关键带土壤磷分布特征及其控制因素
|
摘要
以贵州普定喀斯特关键带为研究对象,于2016年6月采集了5种土地利用类型的土壤剖面,包括农田、灌丛、次生林、草坡和弃耕地,分析了土壤剖面总磷、有效磷的分布特征,并讨论了有机碳、总氮、p H值和团聚体组成等理化性质对总磷和有效磷含量的影响。结果表明:土壤总磷和有效磷含量均随深度增加呈现降低趋势,在剖面0～30 cm处剧烈降低,30 cm以下减少趋势减缓。相对于其他类型的土地利用方式,耕地表层土壤总磷和有效磷含量有明显的差异,可能受人为干扰活动的影响。除次生林外,其他4种土地利用类型的土壤有效磷含量均处于较低水平。土壤总磷和有效磷含量与总氮、有机碳含量呈正相关,农田土壤相关性最好。土壤磷素主要受土壤有机质含量控制,可以通过增施有机肥,增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤供磷状况,提高农作物对磷素的吸收。土壤团聚体粒径以大团聚体占优势,土壤总磷和有效磷含量与大团聚体组分呈正相关。土壤大团聚粒径组分的增加促进了磷素的积累。
Soil samples of five land-use types,including cropland,shrubbery,secondary forest,grassland,and abandoned cropland,were collected in Puding County in June 2016,which is a typical karst critical zone in Southwest China. Spatial distribution of total phosphorus( TP) and available phosphorus( Olsen-P) in soils were investigated. We further analyzed the controlling factors of spatial variation of soil P,including p H,soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),and aggregate composition. The results showed the contents of TP and Olsen-P decreased with increasing of soil depth,and the variations were more obvious in the upper 30 cm than those in the lower 30 cm. The TP and Olsen-P contents were different under cropland from other land use types due to the impacts of human activity. The Olsen-P contents were very low except for the secondary forest soils. The positive correlations were observed between the contents of TP,OlsenP,SOC and TN,with the best correlation coefficients being found in the cropland. The SOC contents were the most important factor affecting TP and Olsen-P contents. The high contents of organic matters facilitated the absorption of P in crops. The proportion of macro-aggregates was dominant in the most soils,which were positively correlated with TP and Olsen-P contents,indicating that the increases of the proportion of macro-aggregates promoted soil P accumulation.
Soil samples of five land-use types,including cropland,shrubbery,secondary forest,grassland,and abandoned cropland,were collected in Puding County in June 2016,which is a typical karst critical zone in Southwest China. Spatial distribution of total phosphorus( TP) and available phosphorus( Olsen-P) in soils were investigated. We further analyzed the controlling factors of spatial variation of soil P,including p H,soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),and aggregate composition. The results showed the contents of TP and Olsen-P decreased with increasing of soil depth,and the variations were more obvious in the upper 30 cm than those in the lower 30 cm. The TP and Olsen-P contents were different under cropland from other land use types due to the impacts of human activity. The Olsen-P contents were very low except for the secondary forest soils. The positive correlations were observed between the contents of TP,OlsenP,SOC and TN,with the best correlation coefficients being found in the cropland. The SOC contents were the most important factor affecting TP and Olsen-P contents. The high contents of organic matters facilitated the absorption of P in crops. The proportion of macro-aggregates was dominant in the most soils,which were positively correlated with TP and Olsen-P contents,indicating that the increases of the proportion of macro-aggregates promoted soil P accumulation.
引文
杜臻杰,陈效民,张佳宝,等.2009.不同施肥处理下红壤旱地速效磷时空变化及其影响因子.南京农业大学学报,32(4):112-115.
胡忠良,潘根兴,李恋卿,等.2009.贵州喀斯特山区不同植被下土壤C、N、P含量和空间异质性.生态学报,29(8):4187-4195.
贾兴永,李菊梅.2011.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究.中国土壤与肥料,(6):76-82.
刘双,李敏,张晶,等.2012.野鸭湖湿地土壤总磷分布特征及影响因素研究.环境科学与技术,35(4):10-14.
刘双,李敏,张晶,等.2011.北京野鸭湖湿地土壤生物可利用磷的研究.安徽农业科学,39(21):12784-12786.
刘丛强.2009.生物地球化学过程与地表物质循环:西南喀斯特土壤-植被系统生源要素循环.北京:科学出版社.
孟庆华,李根英.2007.山东主要土类有机质及其与供磷特性的关系.土壤通报,38(1):25-28.
全国土壤普查办公室.1995.中国土壤.北京:中国农业出版社.
邵帅,何红波,张威,等.2017.土壤有机质形成与来源研究进展.吉林师范大学学报:自然科学版,38(1):126-130.
苏维词,朱文孝.2000.贵州喀斯特生态脆弱区的农业可持续发展.农业现代化研究,21(4):201-204.
陶士锋,徐晓峰,寇太记.2012.土壤有机质对有效磷及水提取磷含量的影响.中国生态农业学报,20(8):1054-1058.
滕泽琴,李旭东,韩会阁,等.2013.土地利用方式对陇中黄土高原土壤磷组分的影响.草业学报,22(2):30-37.
王幼麟.1960.石灰性土壤速效磷的快速分析.土壤通报,(6):51-55.
王志刚,万木春,孙佳佳,等.2015.西南喀斯特石漠化区土壤形成速率研究综述.长江科学院院报,32(3):64-72.
武冠云.1986.土壤有机氮的形态、分布及其易分解性.土壤通报,(2):90-95.
熊康宁,池永宽.2015.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策.生态经济,31(1):23-30.
杨慧,曹建华,孙蕾,等.2010.岩溶区不同土地利用类型土壤无机磷形态分布特征.水土保持学报,24(2):135-140.
杨小燕,范瑞英,王恩姮,等.2014.典型黑土区不同水土保持林表层土壤磷素形态及有效性.应用生态学报,25(6):1555-1560.
张志才,陈喜,石朋,等.2009.喀斯特流域分布式水文模型及植被生态水文效应.水科学进展,20(6):806-811.
赵琼,曾德慧.2005.陆地生态系统磷素循环及其影响因素.植物生态学报,29(1):153-163.
Cheng F,Lu HF,Ren H,et al.2017.Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of three typical rocky desertification control modes in karst areas of Guizhou Province,China.Journal of Cleaner Production,161:1104-1128.
Compton JS,Mallinson DJ,Glenn CR,et al.2000.Variations in the global phosphorus cycle//Glenn CR,Prevot-Lucas L,Lucas J,eds.Marine Authigenesis:From Global to Microbial.Tulsa:Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogist:21-34.
Jastrow JD,Miller RM,Boutton TW.1996.Carbon dynamics of aggregate-associated organic matter estimated by carbon-13natural abundance.Soil Science Society of America Journal,60:801-807.
Litaor MI,Seastedt TR,Walker MD,et al.2005.The biogeochemistry of phosphorus across an alpine topographic/snow gradient.Geoderma,124:49-61.
Midwood AJ,Boutton TW.1998.Soil carbonate decomposition by acid has little effect onδ13C of organic matter.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,30:1301-1307.
Parise M,Waele JD,Gutierrez F.2009.Current perspectives on the environmental impacts and hazards in karst.Environmental Geology,58:235-237.
Ren H.2005.A review on the studies of desertification process and restoration mechanism of karst rocky ecosystem.Tropical Geography,25:195-200.
Richardson AE,Lynch JP,Ryan PR,et al.2011.Plant and microbial strategies to improve the phosphorus efficiency of agriculture.Plant and Soil,349:121-156.
Six J,Elliott ET,Paustian K,et al.1998.Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils.Soil Science Society of America Journal,62:1367-1377.
Tisdall JM,Oades JM.1982.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils.European Journal of Soil Science,33:141-163.
Turner BL,Blackwell MSA.2013.Isolating the influence of p Hon the amounts and forms of soil organic phosphorus.European Journal of Soil Science,64:249-259.
Vincent AG,Sundqvist MK,Wardle DA,et al.2014.Bioavailable soil phosphorus decreases with increasing elevation in a subarctic tundra landscape.PLo S ONE,9:e92942.
Yang X,Post WM,Thornton PE,et al.2013.The distribution of soil phosphorus for global biogeochemical modeling.Biogeosciences,10:2525-2537.
Yuan DX.1997.Rock desertification in the subtropical Karst of South China.Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,108:81-90.
Zhou J,Wu Y,Bing H,et al.2016.Variations in soil phosphorus biogeochemistry across six vegetation types along an altitudinal gradient in SW China.Catena,142:102-111.
胡忠良,潘根兴,李恋卿,等.2009.贵州喀斯特山区不同植被下土壤C、N、P含量和空间异质性.生态学报,29(8):4187-4195.
贾兴永,李菊梅.2011.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究.中国土壤与肥料,(6):76-82.
刘双,李敏,张晶,等.2012.野鸭湖湿地土壤总磷分布特征及影响因素研究.环境科学与技术,35(4):10-14.
刘双,李敏,张晶,等.2011.北京野鸭湖湿地土壤生物可利用磷的研究.安徽农业科学,39(21):12784-12786.
刘丛强.2009.生物地球化学过程与地表物质循环:西南喀斯特土壤-植被系统生源要素循环.北京:科学出版社.
孟庆华,李根英.2007.山东主要土类有机质及其与供磷特性的关系.土壤通报,38(1):25-28.
全国土壤普查办公室.1995.中国土壤.北京:中国农业出版社.
邵帅,何红波,张威,等.2017.土壤有机质形成与来源研究进展.吉林师范大学学报:自然科学版,38(1):126-130.
苏维词,朱文孝.2000.贵州喀斯特生态脆弱区的农业可持续发展.农业现代化研究,21(4):201-204.
陶士锋,徐晓峰,寇太记.2012.土壤有机质对有效磷及水提取磷含量的影响.中国生态农业学报,20(8):1054-1058.
滕泽琴,李旭东,韩会阁,等.2013.土地利用方式对陇中黄土高原土壤磷组分的影响.草业学报,22(2):30-37.
王幼麟.1960.石灰性土壤速效磷的快速分析.土壤通报,(6):51-55.
王志刚,万木春,孙佳佳,等.2015.西南喀斯特石漠化区土壤形成速率研究综述.长江科学院院报,32(3):64-72.
武冠云.1986.土壤有机氮的形态、分布及其易分解性.土壤通报,(2):90-95.
熊康宁,池永宽.2015.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策.生态经济,31(1):23-30.
杨慧,曹建华,孙蕾,等.2010.岩溶区不同土地利用类型土壤无机磷形态分布特征.水土保持学报,24(2):135-140.
杨小燕,范瑞英,王恩姮,等.2014.典型黑土区不同水土保持林表层土壤磷素形态及有效性.应用生态学报,25(6):1555-1560.
张志才,陈喜,石朋,等.2009.喀斯特流域分布式水文模型及植被生态水文效应.水科学进展,20(6):806-811.
赵琼,曾德慧.2005.陆地生态系统磷素循环及其影响因素.植物生态学报,29(1):153-163.
Cheng F,Lu HF,Ren H,et al.2017.Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of three typical rocky desertification control modes in karst areas of Guizhou Province,China.Journal of Cleaner Production,161:1104-1128.
Compton JS,Mallinson DJ,Glenn CR,et al.2000.Variations in the global phosphorus cycle//Glenn CR,Prevot-Lucas L,Lucas J,eds.Marine Authigenesis:From Global to Microbial.Tulsa:Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogist:21-34.
Jastrow JD,Miller RM,Boutton TW.1996.Carbon dynamics of aggregate-associated organic matter estimated by carbon-13natural abundance.Soil Science Society of America Journal,60:801-807.
Litaor MI,Seastedt TR,Walker MD,et al.2005.The biogeochemistry of phosphorus across an alpine topographic/snow gradient.Geoderma,124:49-61.
Midwood AJ,Boutton TW.1998.Soil carbonate decomposition by acid has little effect onδ13C of organic matter.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,30:1301-1307.
Parise M,Waele JD,Gutierrez F.2009.Current perspectives on the environmental impacts and hazards in karst.Environmental Geology,58:235-237.
Ren H.2005.A review on the studies of desertification process and restoration mechanism of karst rocky ecosystem.Tropical Geography,25:195-200.
Richardson AE,Lynch JP,Ryan PR,et al.2011.Plant and microbial strategies to improve the phosphorus efficiency of agriculture.Plant and Soil,349:121-156.
Six J,Elliott ET,Paustian K,et al.1998.Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils.Soil Science Society of America Journal,62:1367-1377.
Tisdall JM,Oades JM.1982.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils.European Journal of Soil Science,33:141-163.
Turner BL,Blackwell MSA.2013.Isolating the influence of p Hon the amounts and forms of soil organic phosphorus.European Journal of Soil Science,64:249-259.
Vincent AG,Sundqvist MK,Wardle DA,et al.2014.Bioavailable soil phosphorus decreases with increasing elevation in a subarctic tundra landscape.PLo S ONE,9:e92942.
Yang X,Post WM,Thornton PE,et al.2013.The distribution of soil phosphorus for global biogeochemical modeling.Biogeosciences,10:2525-2537.
Yuan DX.1997.Rock desertification in the subtropical Karst of South China.Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie,108:81-90.
Zhou J,Wu Y,Bing H,et al.2016.Variations in soil phosphorus biogeochemistry across six vegetation types along an altitudinal gradient in SW China.Catena,142:102-111.