月球阿波罗盆地区域月壳结构及光谱特征
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摘要
位于月球南极–艾肯(South Pole-Aitken Basin,SPA)盆地内的前酒海纪阿波罗盆地跨越了SPA盆地的瞬时穴和盆缘。SPA盆地是已确认的月球上最大最古老的撞击盆地,因此阿波罗盆地对于认识月球的内部结构和成分、区域地质作用和演化历史具有不可替代的作用。阿波罗盆地区域月壳具有很强的不对称性,靠近SPA盆缘处厚而靠近SPA盆地中心处薄,其峰环内部拥有最薄的月壳厚度。阿波罗盆地区域具有不同的光谱吸收特征。在阿波罗盆地外,靠近SPA盆缘具有更多Mg辉石吸收特征的短波吸收,而靠近SPA中心区域具有更多高Ca辉石吸收特征的长波吸收。盆地内部不同地质单元的光谱吸收特征也有差异,月海为高Ca辉石的吸收特征,峰环为Mg辉石的短波长吸收。阿波罗盆地具有最薄的月壳厚度、高程差达8 km的地层剖面、位于月球背面SPA盆地内的月海、发育充分的中央峰环,其独特性使它成为最有价值的采样点。
The pre-Necterian lunar Apollo impact basin,located inside ancient South Pole-Aitken(SPA)basin,strides the SPA transient cavity and rim. SPA basin is the confirmed largest and oldest basin of the Moon,so the Apollo basin has irreplaceable role in understanding the lunar interior structure and compositions,the local geological processes and the evolutional history of the Moon. The crustal structure of Apollo region is dramatically asymmetric. It's thickening close to SPA rim and thinning close to SPA center,while the thinnest region is inside peak ring of Apollo basin. The absorption features on spectrum are different at different geologic units either. Exterior Apollo basin,the absorption center at locations close to SPA rim tends to be shorter as the Mg pyroxene,while the absorption center at locations close to SPA center tends to be longer as Ca pyroxene. Inside Apollo basin,the spectral features are varying with different spatial locations and geologic units. The maria show absorption feature of Ca pyroxene while the peak ring appears Mg pyroxene rich. The unique characteristics of Apollo basin such as the thinnest crust,the stratigraphic profile as large as 8 km elevation difference,maria erupted from lunar farside,the well-developed peak ring,make it the most valuable sample-return site.
The pre-Necterian lunar Apollo impact basin,located inside ancient South Pole-Aitken(SPA)basin,strides the SPA transient cavity and rim. SPA basin is the confirmed largest and oldest basin of the Moon,so the Apollo basin has irreplaceable role in understanding the lunar interior structure and compositions,the local geological processes and the evolutional history of the Moon. The crustal structure of Apollo region is dramatically asymmetric. It's thickening close to SPA rim and thinning close to SPA center,while the thinnest region is inside peak ring of Apollo basin. The absorption features on spectrum are different at different geologic units either. Exterior Apollo basin,the absorption center at locations close to SPA rim tends to be shorter as the Mg pyroxene,while the absorption center at locations close to SPA center tends to be longer as Ca pyroxene. Inside Apollo basin,the spectral features are varying with different spatial locations and geologic units. The maria show absorption feature of Ca pyroxene while the peak ring appears Mg pyroxene rich. The unique characteristics of Apollo basin such as the thinnest crust,the stratigraphic profile as large as 8 km elevation difference,maria erupted from lunar farside,the well-developed peak ring,make it the most valuable sample-return site.
引文
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[24]MORIARTY D P,PIETERS C M.Complexities in pyroxene compositions derived from absorption band centers:examples from Apollo samples,HED meteorites,synthetic pure pyroxenes,and remote sensing data[J].Meteoritics&Planetary Science,2016,51(2):207-234.
[25]GREELEY R,KADEL S D,WILLIAMS D A,et al.Galileo imaging observations of lunar maria and related deposits[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,1993,98(E9):17183-17205.
[26]HARUYAMA J,OHTAKE M,MATSUNAGA T,et al.Long-lived volcanism on the lunar farside revealed by SELENE terrain camera[J].Science,2009,323(5916):905-908.
[27]KRAMER G Y,KRING D A,NAHM A L,et al.Spectral and photogeologic mapping of Schrodinger Basin and implications for postSouth Pole-Aitken impact deep subsurface stratigraphy[J].Icarus,2013,223(1):131-148.
[28]MELOSH H J,KENDALL J,HORGAN B,et al.South Pole-Aitken basin ejecta reveal the Moon's upper mantle[J].Geology,2017,45(12):1063-1066.
[2]GARRICK-BETHELL I,ZUBER M T.Elliptical structure of the lunar South Pole-Aitken basin[J].Icarus,2009,204(2):399-408.
[3]郭弟均,刘建忠,张莉,等.月球地质年代学研究方法及月面历史划分[J].地学前缘,2014,21(6):45-61.GUO D J,LIU J Z,ZHANG L,et al.The methods for lunar geochronology study and subdivisions of lunar geologic history[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(6):45-61.
[4]刘建忠,郭弟均,籍进柱,等.月球的构造格架及其演化差异[J].深空探测学报,2015,2(1):75-79.LIU J Z,GUO D J,JI J Z,et al.Lunar tectonic frame work and its evolution inhomogeneity[J].Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2015,2(1):75-79.
[5]郭弟均,刘建忠,籍进柱,等.月球的全球构造格架初探[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(10):3543-3554.GUO D J,LIU J Z,JI J Z,et al.Preliminary study on the global geotectonic framework of the Moon[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(10):3543-3554.
[6]STUART-ALEXANDER D E.Geologic map of the central far side of the Moon[M].Denver:US Geological Survey,1978.
[7]WILHELMS D E,MCCAULEY J F,TRASK N J.The geologic history of the Moon[M].Washington,DC:US Government Printing Office,1987.
[8]HIESINGER H,VAN DER BOGERT C,PASCKERT J,et al.New crater size-frequency distribution measurements of the South Pole-Aitken basin[C]//Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.Madrid,Spain:[s.n.],2012.
[9]BAKER D M,HEAD J W,PHILLIPS R J,et al.grail gravity observations of the transition from complex crater to peak-ring basin on the Moon:implications for crustal structure and impact basin formation[J].Icarus,2017,292:54-73.
[10]POTTER R W K,COLLINS G S,KIEFER W S,et al.Constraining the size of the South Pole-Aitken basin impact[J].Icarus,2012,220(2):730-743.
[11]POTTER R W K,HEAD J W,GUO D,et al.The Apollo peak-ring impact basin:insights into the structure and evolution of the South Pole-Aitken Basin[J].Icarus,2018,306:139-149.
[12]PETRO N E,PIETERS C M.The size and location of the transient crater of the South Pole-Aitken Basin[J].Journal of Medical Microbiology,2002,13(2):363-367.
[13]KRING D A,KRAMER G Y,COLLINS G S,et al.Peak-ring structure and kinematics from a multi-disciplinary study of the schrodinger impact basin[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:13161.
[14]WIECZOREK M A,NEUMANN G A,NIMMO F,et al.The crust of the Moon as seen by GRAIL[J].Science,2013,339(6120):671-675.
[15]MORIARTY D,PIETERS C.South pole-Aitken Basin as a probe to the lunar interior[C]//47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.Woodlands,Texas:[s.n.],2016:1763.
[16]HAWKE B R,PETERSON C A,BLEWETT D T,et al.Distribution and modes of occurrence of lunar anorthosite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,2003,108(E6).
[17]OHTAKE M,MATSUNAGA T,HARUYAMA J,et al.The global distribution of pure anorthosite on the Moon[J].Nature,2009,461(7261):236-241.
[18]YAMAMOTO S,NAKAMURA R,MATSUNAGA T,et al.Massive layer of pure anorthosite on the Moon[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39(13):34-47.
[19]MELOSH H J.Impact cratering:a geologic process[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1989.
[20]LI S,MILLIKEN R E.An empirical thermal correction model for Moon Mineralogy Mapper data constrained by laboratory spectra andDiviner temperatures[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,2016,121(10):2081-2107.
[21]PIETERS C.Compositional diversity and stratigraphy of the lunar crust derived from reflectance spectroscopy[M].Remote Geochemical Analysis:Elemental And Mineralogical Composition.Cambridge,England:Cambridge University Press,1993:309-339.
[22]KLIMA R L,DYAR M D,PIETERS C M.Near-infrared spectra of clinopyroxenes:effects of calcium content and crystal structure[J].Meteoritics&Planetary Science,2011,46(3):379-395.
[23]KLIMA R L,PIETERS C M,DYAR M D.Spectroscopy of synthetic Mg-Fe pyroxenes I:spin-allowed and spin-forbidden crystal field bands in the visible and near-infrared[J].Meteoritics&Planetary Science,2007,42(2):235-253.
[24]MORIARTY D P,PIETERS C M.Complexities in pyroxene compositions derived from absorption band centers:examples from Apollo samples,HED meteorites,synthetic pure pyroxenes,and remote sensing data[J].Meteoritics&Planetary Science,2016,51(2):207-234.
[25]GREELEY R,KADEL S D,WILLIAMS D A,et al.Galileo imaging observations of lunar maria and related deposits[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets,1993,98(E9):17183-17205.
[26]HARUYAMA J,OHTAKE M,MATSUNAGA T,et al.Long-lived volcanism on the lunar farside revealed by SELENE terrain camera[J].Science,2009,323(5916):905-908.
[27]KRAMER G Y,KRING D A,NAHM A L,et al.Spectral and photogeologic mapping of Schrodinger Basin and implications for postSouth Pole-Aitken impact deep subsurface stratigraphy[J].Icarus,2013,223(1):131-148.
[28]MELOSH H J,KENDALL J,HORGAN B,et al.South Pole-Aitken basin ejecta reveal the Moon's upper mantle[J].Geology,2017,45(12):1063-1066.
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