改进的柔性专利价值评价方法——基于时域-领域双重视角
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摘要
[目的/意义]针对专利价值与影响因素权重绝非单一固定,依据技术领域和时域变化的特点,提出了一个柔性、动态确权的专利价值评价方法。[方法/过程]首先基于文献分析确定可评价专利价值的计量指标,并基于截面数据引入时间序列,选取熵权法来反映指标权重随技术领域的变化状况,计算各评价对象的指标初始权重,然后结合指标贡献度修正权重,最后利用多属性决策方法识别出高价值专利,并以3D打印技术领域与癫痫医药领域专利进行了实证。[结果/结论]该方法一改指标权重赋值规范强,效能弱性的局限,灵活实现了指标权重的动态赋值,兼顾了不同技术领域与时域,实证识别结果准确度高,具有较好的可行性和科学性。
[Purpose/Significance]The patent value and weight of influencing factors are not fixed, they will vary with technology field and time domain. Taking these characteristics into consideration, a flexible and dynamic method for evaluating patent value is proposed.[Method/Process]Firstly, the measurement index of evaluable patent value is determined based on a literature analysis, and the time series is introduced based on the cross-section data. The entropy weight method is selected to reflect the change of the index weight with the technical field, and the initial weight of the index of each evaluation object is calculated. Then the weights are revised by combining with the index contribution degree. Finally, the multi-attribute decision-making method is used to identify high-value patents, and the patents in the field of 3 D printing technology and epilepsy medicine are used for demonstration.[Result/Conclusion]The method changes the limitation of the index weight assignment with strong specification and weak performance, and flexibly realizes the dynamic assignment of the index weights, taking into account different technical fields and time domains. The empirical identification results are highly accurate and have good feasibility and scientificity.
[Purpose/Significance]The patent value and weight of influencing factors are not fixed, they will vary with technology field and time domain. Taking these characteristics into consideration, a flexible and dynamic method for evaluating patent value is proposed.[Method/Process]Firstly, the measurement index of evaluable patent value is determined based on a literature analysis, and the time series is introduced based on the cross-section data. The entropy weight method is selected to reflect the change of the index weight with the technical field, and the initial weight of the index of each evaluation object is calculated. Then the weights are revised by combining with the index contribution degree. Finally, the multi-attribute decision-making method is used to identify high-value patents, and the patents in the field of 3 D printing technology and epilepsy medicine are used for demonstration.[Result/Conclusion]The method changes the limitation of the index weight assignment with strong specification and weak performance, and flexibly realizes the dynamic assignment of the index weights, taking into account different technical fields and time domains. The empirical identification results are highly accurate and have good feasibility and scientificity.
引文
[1] 陈朝晖.企业专利商业化模式研究[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2014.
[2] Karvonen M,K?ssi T.Patent citations as a tool for analysing the early stages of convergence [J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change,2013,80(6): 1094-1107.
[3] Schettino F,Sterlacchini A,Venturini F.Inventive productivity and patent quality: Evidence from Italian inventors [J].Journal of Policy Modeling,2013,35(6): 1043-1056.
[4] Chang Y,Lai K,Yang W,et al.Note on a heuristic procedure to identify the most valuable chain of patent priority network [J].International Journal of Innovation & Technology Management,2011,78(2): 319-331.
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[7] Harhoff D,Scherer F M,Vopel K.Citations,family size,opposition and the value of patent rights [J].Research Policy,2003,32(8): 1343-1363.
[8] Lai Y H,Che H C.Modeling patent legal value by extension neural network [J].Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36(7): 10520-10528.
[9] Wang B,Hsieh C H.Measuring the value of patents with fuzzy multiple criteria decision making:Insight into the practices of the industrial technology research institute[J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change,2015,92: 263-275.
[10] Baron J,Delcamp H.The private and social value of patents in discrete and cumulative innovation [M].Springer-Verlag New York,Inc.2012.
[11] 万小丽,朱雪忠.专利价值的评估指标体系及模糊综合评价[J].科研管理,2008,29(2): 185-191.
[12] 邱洪华,陆潘冰.基于专利价值影响因素评价的企业专利技术管理策略研究[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(6): 77-83.
[13] 刘勤,王少康,胡良龙,等.农机装备专利价值评估研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(5): 86-91.
[14] 谢萍,王秀红,卢章平.企业专利价值评估方法及实证分析[J].情报杂志,2015,34(2): 93-98.
[15] 李锋,吴洁,尹洁.政府主导型产学研合作中专利价值分析体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2013,33(24): 172-175.
[16] 资智洪,何燕玲,袁杰,等.专利价值二元分类评估方法的构建及应用[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(11): 129-135.
[17] 范月蕾,毛开云,于建荣.核心专利指标效力研究评述[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(24): 121-125.
[18] 张娴,方曙,肖国华,等.专利文献价值评价模型构建及实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(6): 127-132.
[19] 国家知识产权局.专利导航试点工程工作手册[EB/OL].http://www.sipo.gov.cn/ztzl/ywzt/zldhsdgc/zcwj/201311/t20131104_874653.html.
[20] 李睿,赵安琪.文献计量学视野下专利寿命与多重因素的相关性解析——来自催化领域的实证[J].情报学报,2017,36(6): 547-554.
[21] Barney J.Comparative patent quality analysis: A statistical approach for rating and valuing patents [EB/OL].[2013-10-10].http://www.patentratings.com.
[22] Burke P F,Reitzig M.Measuring patent assessment quality—Analyzing the degree and kind of (in) consistency in patent offices' decision making [J].Research Policy,2007,36(9): 1404-1430.
[23] Lerner J.The importance of patent scope: An empirical analysis[J].Rand Journal of Economics,1994,25(2): 319-333.
[24] Albert M B,Avery D,Narin F,et al.Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents [J].Research Policy,1991,20(3): 251-259.
[25] Frietsch R,Neuh?usler P,Jung T,et al.Patent indicators for macroeconomic growth—the value of patents estimated by export volume [J].Technovation,2014,34(9): 546-558.
[26] Narin F,Hamilton K S,Olivastro D.The increasing linkage between U.S.technology and public science [J].Research Policy,2004,26(3): 317-330.
[27] 李清海,刘洋,吴泗宗,等.专利价值评价指标概述及层次分析[J].科学学研究,2007,25(2):1-9.
[28] 朱相丽,谭宗颖,万昊.识别有技术转移潜力的专利方法综述[J].图书情报工作,2016(8):132-138.
[29] DietmarHarhoff,Markus Reitzig.Determinants of opposition against EPO patent grants—the case of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2004,22(4):443-480.
[30] 万小丽.专利质量指标中“被引次数”的深度剖析[J].情报科学,2014,32(1): 68-73.
[31] 李睿,赵安琪.文献计量学视野下专利寿命与多重因素的相关性解析——来自催化领域的实证[J].情报学报,2017,36(6): 547-554.
[2] Karvonen M,K?ssi T.Patent citations as a tool for analysing the early stages of convergence [J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change,2013,80(6): 1094-1107.
[3] Schettino F,Sterlacchini A,Venturini F.Inventive productivity and patent quality: Evidence from Italian inventors [J].Journal of Policy Modeling,2013,35(6): 1043-1056.
[4] Chang Y,Lai K,Yang W,et al.Note on a heuristic procedure to identify the most valuable chain of patent priority network [J].International Journal of Innovation & Technology Management,2011,78(2): 319-331.
[5] Sapsalis E,Ran N.Academic versus industry patenting: An in-depth analysis of what determines patent value [J].Research Policy,2006,35(10): 1631-1645.
[6] Reitzig M.Improving patent valuations for management purposes—validating new indicators by analyzing application rationales [J].Research Policy,2004,33(6/7):939-957.
[7] Harhoff D,Scherer F M,Vopel K.Citations,family size,opposition and the value of patent rights [J].Research Policy,2003,32(8): 1343-1363.
[8] Lai Y H,Che H C.Modeling patent legal value by extension neural network [J].Expert Systems with Applications,2009,36(7): 10520-10528.
[9] Wang B,Hsieh C H.Measuring the value of patents with fuzzy multiple criteria decision making:Insight into the practices of the industrial technology research institute[J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change,2015,92: 263-275.
[10] Baron J,Delcamp H.The private and social value of patents in discrete and cumulative innovation [M].Springer-Verlag New York,Inc.2012.
[11] 万小丽,朱雪忠.专利价值的评估指标体系及模糊综合评价[J].科研管理,2008,29(2): 185-191.
[12] 邱洪华,陆潘冰.基于专利价值影响因素评价的企业专利技术管理策略研究[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(6): 77-83.
[13] 刘勤,王少康,胡良龙,等.农机装备专利价值评估研究[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(5): 86-91.
[14] 谢萍,王秀红,卢章平.企业专利价值评估方法及实证分析[J].情报杂志,2015,34(2): 93-98.
[15] 李锋,吴洁,尹洁.政府主导型产学研合作中专利价值分析体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2013,33(24): 172-175.
[16] 资智洪,何燕玲,袁杰,等.专利价值二元分类评估方法的构建及应用[J].科技管理研究,2017,37(11): 129-135.
[17] 范月蕾,毛开云,于建荣.核心专利指标效力研究评述[J].图书情报工作,2014,58(24): 121-125.
[18] 张娴,方曙,肖国华,等.专利文献价值评价模型构建及实证分析[J].科技进步与对策,2011,28(6): 127-132.
[19] 国家知识产权局.专利导航试点工程工作手册[EB/OL].http://www.sipo.gov.cn/ztzl/ywzt/zldhsdgc/zcwj/201311/t20131104_874653.html.
[20] 李睿,赵安琪.文献计量学视野下专利寿命与多重因素的相关性解析——来自催化领域的实证[J].情报学报,2017,36(6): 547-554.
[21] Barney J.Comparative patent quality analysis: A statistical approach for rating and valuing patents [EB/OL].[2013-10-10].http://www.patentratings.com.
[22] Burke P F,Reitzig M.Measuring patent assessment quality—Analyzing the degree and kind of (in) consistency in patent offices' decision making [J].Research Policy,2007,36(9): 1404-1430.
[23] Lerner J.The importance of patent scope: An empirical analysis[J].Rand Journal of Economics,1994,25(2): 319-333.
[24] Albert M B,Avery D,Narin F,et al.Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents [J].Research Policy,1991,20(3): 251-259.
[25] Frietsch R,Neuh?usler P,Jung T,et al.Patent indicators for macroeconomic growth—the value of patents estimated by export volume [J].Technovation,2014,34(9): 546-558.
[26] Narin F,Hamilton K S,Olivastro D.The increasing linkage between U.S.technology and public science [J].Research Policy,2004,26(3): 317-330.
[27] 李清海,刘洋,吴泗宗,等.专利价值评价指标概述及层次分析[J].科学学研究,2007,25(2):1-9.
[28] 朱相丽,谭宗颖,万昊.识别有技术转移潜力的专利方法综述[J].图书情报工作,2016(8):132-138.
[29] DietmarHarhoff,Markus Reitzig.Determinants of opposition against EPO patent grants—the case of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2004,22(4):443-480.
[30] 万小丽.专利质量指标中“被引次数”的深度剖析[J].情报科学,2014,32(1): 68-73.
[31] 李睿,赵安琪.文献计量学视野下专利寿命与多重因素的相关性解析——来自催化领域的实证[J].情报学报,2017,36(6): 547-554.