高楼轻生事故索降强制救援的实验研究
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摘要
为量化研究高楼轻生事故索降强制救援过程中索降冲坠对施救者的影响以及索降蹬踹对轻生者的影响,依托某基层消防中队训练塔设计开展全尺寸实验。索降冲坠实验模块中,设计消防假人初始坠落高度分别为2 m、3 m、4 m、5 m,利用以九轴蓝牙带电池姿态角度传感器为核心的数据采集系统监测消防假人冲坠过程中的三轴加速度;索降蹬踹实验模块中,由索降施救者分别蹬踹摆出站立、正坐、侧坐姿态的模拟轻生者,录制轻生者着地过程,并与创伤严重度改良评分指标(RISS值)进行比对。结果表明:各坠落高度下消防假人的峰值加速度平均值分别为4.17 g、6.01 g、8.84 g、12.68 g,而使峰值加速度达到人体极限加速度8 g的坠落高度为3.7 m;处于正坐姿态的轻生者遭索降消防员蹬踹后有较大概率头部先着地,其RISS值为16.06,存在受重伤的风险。
In order to study the influence of fall on the rescuers and kick on the suicide person in the process of compulsory rescue on tall buildings quantitatively,we carry out a full size experiment relying on a training tower in a fire brigade.In the fall experiment module,the initial fall height of dummy is 2 m,3 m,4 m,5 m respectively.The acceleration of dummy in three dimensions in the process of fall is monitored by nine-shaft bluetooth attitude sensor,which is the core of data acquisition system.In the experimental module of kick,the suicide person who pose the posture of standing,sitting and side sitting respectively is kicked by the rescuer who use ropes to implement descent.We record the process that the suicide person fall to the ground and then analyze it with Revised Injury Severity Score(RISS).The results show that the average of the peak acceleration of dummy at each falling height is 4.17 g,6.01 g,8.84 g,12.68 g.The fall height when the peak acceleration reach 8 g is 3.7 m.The suicide person posing the sitting posture has a large probability that his head hit the ground after being kicked by the rescuer,its RISS value is 16.06 and there is a risk of serious injury.
In order to study the influence of fall on the rescuers and kick on the suicide person in the process of compulsory rescue on tall buildings quantitatively,we carry out a full size experiment relying on a training tower in a fire brigade.In the fall experiment module,the initial fall height of dummy is 2 m,3 m,4 m,5 m respectively.The acceleration of dummy in three dimensions in the process of fall is monitored by nine-shaft bluetooth attitude sensor,which is the core of data acquisition system.In the experimental module of kick,the suicide person who pose the posture of standing,sitting and side sitting respectively is kicked by the rescuer who use ropes to implement descent.We record the process that the suicide person fall to the ground and then analyze it with Revised Injury Severity Score(RISS).The results show that the average of the peak acceleration of dummy at each falling height is 4.17 g,6.01 g,8.84 g,12.68 g.The fall height when the peak acceleration reach 8 g is 3.7 m.The suicide person posing the sitting posture has a large probability that his head hit the ground after being kicked by the rescuer,its RISS value is 16.06 and there is a risk of serious injury.
引文
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[3] 于洋.自杀危机现场处置与谈判运作模式研究[J].武汉公安干部学院学报,2013,27(1):26-30.
[4] 杨文俊.浅谈高空遇险事故的应急救援[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2011,29(2):61-62.
[5] 杨杰,李海洲,王振雄,等.绳索救援教学训练及实战应用研究[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(11):1610-1613.
[6] 胡晔.绳索救援技术基础[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2016:2-5.
[7] 朱国营.绳索救援技术[M].广州:广州教育出版社,2018:7-9.
[8] 李娜,侯义斌,黄樟钦,等.基于三轴加速度信号的实时人体状态识别算法[J].北京工业大学学报,2012,38(11):1689-1693.
[9] 王建华.消防部队救援绳索应用问题分析[J].中国西部科技,2014,13(10):69-71.
[10]中华人民共和国公安部.消防用防坠落装备:GA 494—2004[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[11]刘峰.基于情景的绳索救助技术及训练模式研究[J].武警学院学报,2018,34(10):41-45.
[12]张禹海,袁宏蓉.绳索救援中锚点及锚点系统应用分析[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(4):521-525.
[13]王洪.试论绳索救援技术在应急救援实战中的运用[C]//2016中国消防协会科学技术年会论文集.北京:中国消防协会,2016.
[14]Harris C M,Crede C E.Shock and Vibration Handbook[M].New York,USA:McGraw-Hill,2008.
[15]庞有旺,郑季南,李达,等.高处坠落伤530例落地姿势与伤情的关系分析[J].武警医学,2012,23(10):889-890.