兴坝村浅丘带坝区不同类型农户农村居民点文化景观特征研究
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摘要
研究目的:从农村居民点集聚文化景观、土地利用文化景观、建筑文化景观3方面入手剖析浅丘带坝区不同类型农户的农村居民点文化景观特征,旨在引导不同类型农户的农村居民点建设消费,为农村居民点文化景观重构及其和谐乡村人居环境建设提供理论基础。研究方法:PRA、3S。研究结果:(1)浅丘带坝区农村居民点集聚文化景观主要表现为3种形式,农业多样化发展型和农业专业化发展型农户集聚的浅丘边缘区农村居民点集聚块,5种类型农户集聚的公路两侧农村居民点断点集聚带以及非农多样化发展型、非农专业化发展型、兼业化发展型农户集聚的平坝区农村居民点集聚团;(2)农户户均宅基地面积随着农户的非农化程度的加强先扩大后缩小,户均建筑面积随着非农化程度的加强而增大,农村居民点用地组合的多样性随着非农化程度的加深而逐渐减少,由"住房+院坝+圈舍+堆棚+林盘"的全类型组合缩减为"住房+院坝"的简要组合;(3)农村居民点建筑文化景观的现代化程度随农户的非农户程度的加深而加强。研究结论:农村居民点文化景观因农户类型的不同而差异巨大,但总体上农户的"心理思考"是这一差异的内在动因,经济实力和地理条件是其外部因素。
The purpose of this paper aims to guide the rural settlement construction regarding different types of rural cultural landscape features through exploring from three aspects,i.e.,the rural settlement agglomeration cultural landscape,land use cultural landscape,and architecture cultural landscape.It can serve as the theoretical basis for the government to find a proper way to reconstruct rural settlement cultural landscape and meet the requirement of the so-called human rights oriented principle.Methods used include the PRA(Participatory Rural Appraisal) and the 3S(GIS+RS+GPS).The results indicate that 1) there are three types of agglomeration of the cultural landscape in shallow hilly region,i.e.,agglomeration near the hill edges,agglomeration on the sides of road and rural settlement agglomeration group on the flat area;2) the average residential area of rural household is increasing and then decreasing along with the increased degree of non-agricultural migration;however the average construction area is always increasing.The diversity of the agglomeration decreases along with the increased degree of the migration;3) the degree of non-agricultural migration is the most important driving force for the rural residential landscape architectural culture modernization.It is concluded that the mental model of rural households is the internal motivation for the difference of cultural landscape in the rural settlement area,and the economic condition and geographical condition are the external factors.
The purpose of this paper aims to guide the rural settlement construction regarding different types of rural cultural landscape features through exploring from three aspects,i.e.,the rural settlement agglomeration cultural landscape,land use cultural landscape,and architecture cultural landscape.It can serve as the theoretical basis for the government to find a proper way to reconstruct rural settlement cultural landscape and meet the requirement of the so-called human rights oriented principle.Methods used include the PRA(Participatory Rural Appraisal) and the 3S(GIS+RS+GPS).The results indicate that 1) there are three types of agglomeration of the cultural landscape in shallow hilly region,i.e.,agglomeration near the hill edges,agglomeration on the sides of road and rural settlement agglomeration group on the flat area;2) the average residential area of rural household is increasing and then decreasing along with the increased degree of non-agricultural migration;however the average construction area is always increasing.The diversity of the agglomeration decreases along with the increased degree of the migration;3) the degree of non-agricultural migration is the most important driving force for the rural residential landscape architectural culture modernization.It is concluded that the mental model of rural households is the internal motivation for the difference of cultural landscape in the rural settlement area,and the economic condition and geographical condition are the external factors.
引文
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[8]叶长盛,刘平辉,朱传民.江西省居民消费结构与用地结构的相互关系[J].农业现代化研究,2009,(6):101-103.
[9]程连生,冯文勇,蒋立宏.太原盆地东南部农村聚落空心化机理分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):437-446.
[10]薛力.城市化背景下“空心村”现象及其对策研究——以江苏省为[J].城市规划,2001,25(3):257-262.
[11]王成新,姚士谋,陈彩虹.中国农村聚落空心化问题实证研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(3):257-262.
[12]姜广辉,张凤荣,周丁扬,等.北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(2):109-116.
[13]沙润.中国传统民居建筑文化的自然观及其渊源[J].地理科学,1997,12(3):25-29.
[14]王其均.宗法、禁忌、习俗对民居型制[J].建筑学报,1996,(10):57-60.
[15]全泉,田光进.基于遥感与GIS的农村居民点景观特征比较[J].生态科学,2008,(4):254-261.
[16]田光进.基于遥感与GIS的农村居民点景观特征比较[J].应用技术,2002,(4):31-35.
[17]石诗源,鲍志良,张小林.村域农村居民点景观格局及影响因素分析——以宜兴市8个村为例[J].中国农学通报,2010,(8):290-293.
[18]赵之枫.城市化加速时期村庄集聚及规划建设研究[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[19]周艳波,翟印礼,董鸿鹏.统筹城乡要素配置与转移的对策研究[J].农村经济,2006,12(1):18-20.
[20]李小建,时慧娜.基于农户视角的农区发展研究[J].人文地理,2008,(1):1-6.
[21]文军.从生存理性到社会理性的选择:当代中国农民工外出就业动因的社会分析[J].社会学研究,2001,(6):19-30.
[22]王成,王利平,李晓庆,等.农户后顾生计来源及其居民点整合研究——基于重庆市西部郊区白林村471户农户调查[J].地理学报,2011,(8):1141-1152.
①农户分化成果来源于国家社会科学基金青年项目《统筹城乡视野下基于农户后顾生计保障的农村居民点整合研究——以重庆市为例》研究成果中的《基于生计资产量化的农户分化研究》。
[2]房艳刚,刘继生.集聚型农业村落文化景观的演化过程与机理——以山东曲阜峪口村为例[J].地理研究,2009,28(4):968-978.
[3]金其铭.农村聚落地理研究——以江西省为例[J].地理研究,1982,1(3):11-13.
[4]刘之浩,金其铭.试论乡村文化景观的类型及其演化[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),1999,22(4):120-123.
[5]Forman R T T,M Gordron.Landscape ecology[M].New York:John Wiley&sons,1986:619.
[6]Turner Monica G.Landscape changes in nine rural counties in georgia[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1990,56(3):379.
[7]Long H L,Liu Y S,Wu X Q,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements in Su-Xi-Chang region:Implications for building a new countryside in coastal China[J].Land Use Policy,2009,26:322-333.
[8]叶长盛,刘平辉,朱传民.江西省居民消费结构与用地结构的相互关系[J].农业现代化研究,2009,(6):101-103.
[9]程连生,冯文勇,蒋立宏.太原盆地东南部农村聚落空心化机理分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):437-446.
[10]薛力.城市化背景下“空心村”现象及其对策研究——以江苏省为[J].城市规划,2001,25(3):257-262.
[11]王成新,姚士谋,陈彩虹.中国农村聚落空心化问题实证研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(3):257-262.
[12]姜广辉,张凤荣,周丁扬,等.北京市农村居民点用地内部结构特征的区位分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(2):109-116.
[13]沙润.中国传统民居建筑文化的自然观及其渊源[J].地理科学,1997,12(3):25-29.
[14]王其均.宗法、禁忌、习俗对民居型制[J].建筑学报,1996,(10):57-60.
[15]全泉,田光进.基于遥感与GIS的农村居民点景观特征比较[J].生态科学,2008,(4):254-261.
[16]田光进.基于遥感与GIS的农村居民点景观特征比较[J].应用技术,2002,(4):31-35.
[17]石诗源,鲍志良,张小林.村域农村居民点景观格局及影响因素分析——以宜兴市8个村为例[J].中国农学通报,2010,(8):290-293.
[18]赵之枫.城市化加速时期村庄集聚及规划建设研究[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[19]周艳波,翟印礼,董鸿鹏.统筹城乡要素配置与转移的对策研究[J].农村经济,2006,12(1):18-20.
[20]李小建,时慧娜.基于农户视角的农区发展研究[J].人文地理,2008,(1):1-6.
[21]文军.从生存理性到社会理性的选择:当代中国农民工外出就业动因的社会分析[J].社会学研究,2001,(6):19-30.
[22]王成,王利平,李晓庆,等.农户后顾生计来源及其居民点整合研究——基于重庆市西部郊区白林村471户农户调查[J].地理学报,2011,(8):1141-1152.
①农户分化成果来源于国家社会科学基金青年项目《统筹城乡视野下基于农户后顾生计保障的农村居民点整合研究——以重庆市为例》研究成果中的《基于生计资产量化的农户分化研究》。