哈尼梯田水源区不同景观类型土壤水分的入渗特性及影响因子
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摘要
[目的]揭示不同景观类型土壤水分入渗特性及影响因子的差异,为红河哈尼梯田世界遗产的保护及持续发展提供参考。[方法]选择草地、林地、旱地和茶园等景观类型的7个样地,用Hood IL-2700土壤水分入渗仪测定样地土壤水分入渗参数,并分析枯落物持水性能和土壤物理性质因子对土壤水分的影响。[结果]在人为影响程度不同的森林和草地生态系统内部,土壤水分入渗能力表现为:原始林>次生林>人工林,荒草地>蕨草地。在研究区的4种景观类型水平上,土壤水分入渗能力表现为:园地(翻耕)>草地>森林>耕地(未翻耕),说明人为活动对土壤水分入渗效率影响显著。不同景观类型的土壤水分入渗特征值与影响因素的相关分析显示,除园地外的其他景观类型土壤水分入渗值与土壤枯落物特征、土壤物理性质中的多个指标具相关性。[结论]人为活动影响下的4种景观类型的土壤入渗能力差异明显,枯落物特性和土壤物理性质是关键因素。
[Objective]To investigate soil infiltration and its impact factors in different landscape types in order to provide references for the conservation and sustainable development of the cultural heritage in the Hani rice terraces of Honghe Autonomous Prefecture.[Methods]Seven sample plots located in different landscape types including grassland,forest land,dry farmland and tea garden land were selected.Soil moisture infiltration meter Hood IL-2700 was used to measure soil infiltration.The impacts of litter water holding capacity and soil physical features on soil moisture were analyzed.[Results]Due to the impacts of human utilization,soil infiltration capacity of the sub-ecosystem of forest and grassland was ranked as:natural forest>secondary forest>planted forest,and waste grassland>fern grassland.At the four types of landscape scale,soil infiltration capacity ranked as:tea garden land(which was plowed)>grassland>forest land>farmland(which was during the un-planting season).It indicated that human activity had a significant impact on soil infiltration.Correlation analysis between soil infiltration and its influencing factors showed that,except forthe tea garden land,the soil infiltration in the other landscape types significant related to the indices of litter and soil physical property.[Conclusion]The soil infiltration capacity of the four landscape types are significantly different,and the features of litter and soil physical properties are the key factors that influence soil infilration.
[Objective]To investigate soil infiltration and its impact factors in different landscape types in order to provide references for the conservation and sustainable development of the cultural heritage in the Hani rice terraces of Honghe Autonomous Prefecture.[Methods]Seven sample plots located in different landscape types including grassland,forest land,dry farmland and tea garden land were selected.Soil moisture infiltration meter Hood IL-2700 was used to measure soil infiltration.The impacts of litter water holding capacity and soil physical features on soil moisture were analyzed.[Results]Due to the impacts of human utilization,soil infiltration capacity of the sub-ecosystem of forest and grassland was ranked as:natural forest>secondary forest>planted forest,and waste grassland>fern grassland.At the four types of landscape scale,soil infiltration capacity ranked as:tea garden land(which was plowed)>grassland>forest land>farmland(which was during the un-planting season).It indicated that human activity had a significant impact on soil infiltration.Correlation analysis between soil infiltration and its influencing factors showed that,except forthe tea garden land,the soil infiltration in the other landscape types significant related to the indices of litter and soil physical property.[Conclusion]The soil infiltration capacity of the four landscape types are significantly different,and the features of litter and soil physical properties are the key factors that influence soil infilration.
引文
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[12]王小燕,蔡崇法,李鸿,等.三峡库区碎石含量对紫色土容重和孔隙特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):379-386.
[13]张晓霞,杨宗儒,查同刚,等.晋西黄土区退耕还林22a后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):416-424.
[14]王清华.梯田文化论—哈尼族生态农业[M].昆明:云南人民出版社:2010:16-18.
[15]朱良君,张光辉,任宗萍.4种土壤入渗测定方法的比较[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):163-167.
[16]胡顺军,田长彦,宋郁东,等.土壤渗透系数测定与计算方法的探讨[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):68-72.
[17]Kinner D A,Moody J A.Spatial variability of steadystate infiltration into a two-layer soil system on burned hillslopes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,381(3/4):322-332.
[18]王伟,张洪江,徐丽君,等.四面山不同人工林枯落物储量及其持水特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):90-99.
[19]李天阳,何丙辉,田家乐,等.重庆璧山5种典型农林混合模式土壤理化性质及水分入渗特性[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):103-108.
[20]陈家林,孔玉华,裴丙,等.太行山低山丘陵区不同植被类型土壤渗透特性及影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):60-65.
[21]崔高仰,容丽,李晓东,等.喀斯特高原峡谷石漠化治理过程中土壤理化性质的变化[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1188-1197.
[2]段争虎.土壤水研究在流域生态—水文过程中的作用、现状与方向[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(7):682-684.
[3]陈喜,宋琪峰,高满,等.植被—土壤—水文相互作用及生态水文模型参数的动态表述[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,52(3):362-368.
[4]李天杰,赵烨,张科利,等.土壤地理学[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2006:1-21.
[5]李雪转,樊贵盛.土壤有机质含量对土壤入渗能力影响的试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(1):59-62.
[6]张雷燕,刘常富,王彦辉,等.宁夏六盘山南侧森林枯落物及土壤的水文生态功能研究[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(1):15-20.
[7]He Fuhong,Pan Yinghua,Tan Lili,et al.Study of the water transportation characteristics of marsh saline soil in the Yellow River Delta[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,574:716-723.
[8]莫斌,陈晓燕,雷廷武,等.不同方法测定紫色土坡耕地入渗性能试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):1-5.
[9]Hillel D.Introduction to Soil Physics[M].New York:Academic Press,1982.
[10]AL-Kayssi A W,Mustafa S H.Modeling gypsifereous soil infiltration rate under different sprinkler application rates and successive irrigation events[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,163:66-74.
[11]吴发启,赵西宁,崔卫芳.坡耕地土壤水分入渗测试方法对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2003,23(3):39-41.
[12]王小燕,蔡崇法,李鸿,等.三峡库区碎石含量对紫色土容重和孔隙特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):379-386.
[13]张晓霞,杨宗儒,查同刚,等.晋西黄土区退耕还林22a后林地土壤物理性质的变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):416-424.
[14]王清华.梯田文化论—哈尼族生态农业[M].昆明:云南人民出版社:2010:16-18.
[15]朱良君,张光辉,任宗萍.4种土壤入渗测定方法的比较[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):163-167.
[16]胡顺军,田长彦,宋郁东,等.土壤渗透系数测定与计算方法的探讨[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):68-72.
[17]Kinner D A,Moody J A.Spatial variability of steadystate infiltration into a two-layer soil system on burned hillslopes[J].Journal of Hydrology,2010,381(3/4):322-332.
[18]王伟,张洪江,徐丽君,等.四面山不同人工林枯落物储量及其持水特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):90-99.
[19]李天阳,何丙辉,田家乐,等.重庆璧山5种典型农林混合模式土壤理化性质及水分入渗特性[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):103-108.
[20]陈家林,孔玉华,裴丙,等.太行山低山丘陵区不同植被类型土壤渗透特性及影响因素[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):60-65.
[21]崔高仰,容丽,李晓东,等.喀斯特高原峡谷石漠化治理过程中土壤理化性质的变化[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(5):1188-1197.