基于多时相遥感数据的常州市城市热景观变化特征
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摘要
为分析20多年来常州城市热景观时空变化特征,选用4景TM/ETM+影像(1986年、1992年、2000年、2010年)为基本数据源,在RS,GIS技术以及景观分析工具的支持下,分析了常州市区热岛景观格局变化特征。研究结果表明:1986—2010年常州建成区均存在显著的热岛效应。随着城市化进程加快,到2010年城市与郊区的温差达到最大,为35.3K;城市强热岛及其以上等级面积从1986年的8 580.24hm~2增加到2010年的17 725.23hm~2,相应比例从4.58%增加到9.45%,增幅达106.33%;城市热岛等级类型的景观指数分析表明,到2010年高等级的热岛斑块分布范围和强度都明显提高,两环内高等级的热岛片状分布明显。受城市人类活动加剧的影响,各热岛等级斑块的形状逐渐趋于复杂。从景观水平尺度变化来看,2010年热岛景观多样性最丰富,分布最均匀,同时破碎化程度也最高。研究结论可为城市生态建设提供参考。
In order to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of the thermal landscape in Changzhou City over the past more than 20 years,choosing Landsat TM/ETM+images of 1986,1992,2000 and 2010as the data sources,and supported by Remote Sensing(RS),Geographical Information System(GIS)and Fragstats tools,we tried to analyze the urban heat island landscape during those years.The results showed that heat island effects were prominence in the construction area of Changzhou City from the year of 1986 to 2010.With the acceleration of urbanization,the thermal differences between urban and rural areas magnified,the difference between the maximum and minimum land surface temperatures reached to 35.3 Kin 2010.The area of intense level of urban heat island which included above it increased from 8 580.24hm~2 in 2010to17 725.23hm~2 in 1986,the corresponding proportion increased from 4.58% to 9.45%,respectively,the increase was 106.33%.The analysis results of class metrics showed that high-level heat island patche distribution improved obviously both in range and intensity.Two ring high-level heat island distribution of patchy was obvious.The shape of heat island patches become more complicated because of human activities.The analysis results of landscape metrics showed that there was the most abundant diversity and a high degree of heat island landscape fragmentation in 2010,its distribution was also the most homogeneous.The results of this study can provide the reference for urban ecological construction.
In order to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of the thermal landscape in Changzhou City over the past more than 20 years,choosing Landsat TM/ETM+images of 1986,1992,2000 and 2010as the data sources,and supported by Remote Sensing(RS),Geographical Information System(GIS)and Fragstats tools,we tried to analyze the urban heat island landscape during those years.The results showed that heat island effects were prominence in the construction area of Changzhou City from the year of 1986 to 2010.With the acceleration of urbanization,the thermal differences between urban and rural areas magnified,the difference between the maximum and minimum land surface temperatures reached to 35.3 Kin 2010.The area of intense level of urban heat island which included above it increased from 8 580.24hm~2 in 2010to17 725.23hm~2 in 1986,the corresponding proportion increased from 4.58% to 9.45%,respectively,the increase was 106.33%.The analysis results of class metrics showed that high-level heat island patche distribution improved obviously both in range and intensity.Two ring high-level heat island distribution of patchy was obvious.The shape of heat island patches become more complicated because of human activities.The analysis results of landscape metrics showed that there was the most abundant diversity and a high degree of heat island landscape fragmentation in 2010,its distribution was also the most homogeneous.The results of this study can provide the reference for urban ecological construction.
引文
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[7]蒋明卓,曾穗平,曾坚.天津城市扩张及其微气候特征演化研究:基于城市热环境的角度[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(9):159-164.
[8]王宏博,李丽光,赵梓淇,等.基于TM/ETM+数据的沈阳市各区城市热岛特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):219-226.
[9]李乐,徐涵秋.杭州市城市空间扩展及其热环境变化[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(2):264-272.
[10]尤艳丽,周敬宣,李湘梅.基于RS的武汉市夏季热岛效应与土地覆盖关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(3):393-398.
[11]Weng Q.Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies:Methods,applications,and trends[J].Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2009,64(4):335-344.
[12]Nichol J.Remote sensing of urban heat islands by day and night[J].Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2005,71(5):613-621.
[13]NASA.Landsat7Science Data Users Handbook[EB/OL].[2011-03-11].http:∥landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov.
[14]Chander G,Markham B L,Helder D L.Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+,and EO-1ALI sensors[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(5):893-903.
[15]孙飒梅,卢昌义.遥感监测城市热岛强度及其作为生态监测指标的探讨[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2002,41(1):66-70.
[16]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[17]李登科,范建忠,王娟.陕西省植被覆盖度变化特征及其成因[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2896-2903.
[18]梁益同,陈正洪,夏智宏.基于RS和GIS的武汉城市热岛效应年代演变及其机理分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(8):914-918.
[19]高美蓉,贾宝全,王成,等.厦门本岛城市森林树冠覆盖与热岛效应关系[J].林业科学,2014,50(3).63-68.
[20]丁金才,张志凯,奚红,等.上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究[J].大气科学,2002,26(3):412-420.
[2]Johnson G T,Oke T R,Lyons T J,et al.Simulation of surface urban heat islands under‘IDEAL’conditions at night part 1:Theory and tests against field data[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1991,56(3):275-294.
[3]江樟焰,陈云浩,李京.基于Landsat TM数据的北京城市热岛研究[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2006,31(2):120-123.
[4]陈峰,何报寅,龙占勇,等.利用Landsat ETM+分析城市热岛与下垫面的空间分布关系[J].国土资源遥感,2008,20(2):56-61.
[5]戴晓燕,张利权,过仲阳,等.上海城市热岛效应形成机制及空间格局[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3995-4004.
[6]黄聚聪,赵小锋,唐立娜,等.城市化进程中城市热岛景观格局演变的时空特征:以厦门市为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):622-631.
[7]蒋明卓,曾穗平,曾坚.天津城市扩张及其微气候特征演化研究:基于城市热环境的角度[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(9):159-164.
[8]王宏博,李丽光,赵梓淇,等.基于TM/ETM+数据的沈阳市各区城市热岛特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):219-226.
[9]李乐,徐涵秋.杭州市城市空间扩展及其热环境变化[J].遥感技术与应用,2014,29(2):264-272.
[10]尤艳丽,周敬宣,李湘梅.基于RS的武汉市夏季热岛效应与土地覆盖关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(3):393-398.
[11]Weng Q.Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies:Methods,applications,and trends[J].Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2009,64(4):335-344.
[12]Nichol J.Remote sensing of urban heat islands by day and night[J].Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,2005,71(5):613-621.
[13]NASA.Landsat7Science Data Users Handbook[EB/OL].[2011-03-11].http:∥landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov.
[14]Chander G,Markham B L,Helder D L.Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+,and EO-1ALI sensors[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2009,113(5):893-903.
[15]孙飒梅,卢昌义.遥感监测城市热岛强度及其作为生态监测指标的探讨[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2002,41(1):66-70.
[16]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[17]李登科,范建忠,王娟.陕西省植被覆盖度变化特征及其成因[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2896-2903.
[18]梁益同,陈正洪,夏智宏.基于RS和GIS的武汉城市热岛效应年代演变及其机理分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(8):914-918.
[19]高美蓉,贾宝全,王成,等.厦门本岛城市森林树冠覆盖与热岛效应关系[J].林业科学,2014,50(3).63-68.
[20]丁金才,张志凯,奚红,等.上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究[J].大气科学,2002,26(3):412-420.