丰满流域春季径流水源及产流模式分析
|
摘要
春季径流主要来源于融雪水和冻土条件下的降雨径流,但是,如何定量进行各产流模式阶段划分和各水源量的估算,一直是春季径流研究的挑战。为了评价多年平均状态下的春季水源组成及其产流模式阶段,结合丰满流域1944—2017年的日径流量资料,根据典型年(2017年)春季日径流过程总结出东北春季径流过程由3种产流模式构成,即融雪产流模式、冻土条件下融雪-降雨产流模式、冻土条件下降雨产流模式。通过Eckhardt递归数字滤波法进行基流分割,定义地下径流与总径流之比为基流比,根据总径流量和基流比曲线变化趋势分析产流模式起止日期及历时,并采用箱形图对历年产流模式起止日期及历时进行统计分析。结果表明:丰满流域在多年平均状况下,融雪产流开始日期为3月21日,冻土条件下融雪、降雨产流开始日期为4月21日,融雪产流结束日期为5月11日,冻土消融日期为5月28日;融雪产流模式历时为31 d,冻土条件下融雪、降雨产流模式历时20 d,冻土条件下降雨产流模式历时18 d;多年平均状况下,丰满流域春季总径流中,融雪产流约占39.4%,冻土条件下融雪、降雨产流约占35.3%,冻土条件下降雨产流约占25.3%;丰满流域年总径流中,融雪产流约占10.3%,冻土条件下融雪、降雨产流约占9.2%,冻土条件下降雨产流约占6.6%。研究成果对北方地区流域春汛来水预报具有参考价值。
In order to reveal the intrinsic formation mechanism of spring runoff change, the spring flood forecasting is more complicated because of the multi-component water source, many influencing factors and the complex process of each factor,based on the daily runoff data of Fengman basin from 1944 to 2017, the spring runoff process in Northeast China consists of three kinds of runoff mode, that is, snowmelt runoff mode, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined mode and rainfall runoff mode under permafrost condition according to the typical year(2017) spring daily runoff process. Eckhardt recursive digital filtering method was used to segment the base flow, and the ratio of underground runoff to total runoff was defined as the base flow ratio. According to the variation trend of the curve of total runoff and base flow ratio, the starting and ending dates of runoff modes and the duration were analyzed. By means of the box-plot, the starting and ending dates of runoff modes and the duration were statistically analyzed. The results show that in the Fengman basin, under the average condition of many years, the beginning date of snowmelt runoff is March 21, the beginning date of snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined under permafrost conditions is April 21, the ending date of snowmelt runoff is May 11, and the date of frozen soil melting is May 28. The snowmelt mode lasted 31 days, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined mode under permafrost condition lasted 20 days, and rainfall runoff under permafrost condition mode lasted 18 days. On the average condition of many years in Fengman basin.During the spring runoff process, snowmelt stage is about 39.4%, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined stage under permafrost condition is about 35.3% and rainfall runoff stage under permafrost condition is about 25.3%; during the total annual runoff process, snowmelt stage is about 10.3%, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined stage under permafrost condition is about 9.2% and rainfall runoff stage under permafrost condition is about 6.6%. The research results have reference value or guiding significance for the basic work of spring flood forecasting.
In order to reveal the intrinsic formation mechanism of spring runoff change, the spring flood forecasting is more complicated because of the multi-component water source, many influencing factors and the complex process of each factor,based on the daily runoff data of Fengman basin from 1944 to 2017, the spring runoff process in Northeast China consists of three kinds of runoff mode, that is, snowmelt runoff mode, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined mode and rainfall runoff mode under permafrost condition according to the typical year(2017) spring daily runoff process. Eckhardt recursive digital filtering method was used to segment the base flow, and the ratio of underground runoff to total runoff was defined as the base flow ratio. According to the variation trend of the curve of total runoff and base flow ratio, the starting and ending dates of runoff modes and the duration were analyzed. By means of the box-plot, the starting and ending dates of runoff modes and the duration were statistically analyzed. The results show that in the Fengman basin, under the average condition of many years, the beginning date of snowmelt runoff is March 21, the beginning date of snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined under permafrost conditions is April 21, the ending date of snowmelt runoff is May 11, and the date of frozen soil melting is May 28. The snowmelt mode lasted 31 days, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined mode under permafrost condition lasted 20 days, and rainfall runoff under permafrost condition mode lasted 18 days. On the average condition of many years in Fengman basin.During the spring runoff process, snowmelt stage is about 39.4%, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined stage under permafrost condition is about 35.3% and rainfall runoff stage under permafrost condition is about 25.3%; during the total annual runoff process, snowmelt stage is about 10.3%, snowmelt and rainfall runoff combined stage under permafrost condition is about 9.2% and rainfall runoff stage under permafrost condition is about 6.6%. The research results have reference value or guiding significance for the basic work of spring flood forecasting.
引文
[1] 朱景亮.松花江流域融雪产流特征及其影响因素研究[D].杨凌:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2015.
[2] 黄忠恕,金兴平.水文气候预测基础理论与应用技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[3] 张志明,范钟秀.气象学与气候学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[4] 刘清仁.松花江流域水旱灾害发生规律及长期预报研究[J].水科学进展,1994,5(4):319- 327.
[5] 陈守煜.模糊水文学[J].大连理工大学学报,1988,28(1):93- 97.
[6] 陈守煜.模糊水文学与水资源系统模糊优化原理[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1990.
[7] 刘晓凤,肖迪芳,谭玉坤.伊春河春汛来水量预报方法研究[J].黑龙江水专学报,2010,37(1):124- 126.
[8] 勾文婧.小兴安岭季节性冻土区春季融雪径流分析[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2017.
[9] 于海鸣,刘建基.新疆丘陵区小流域春季融雪设计洪水估算[J].水利规划与设计,2005(3):29- 31.
[10] 于春冬.龙凤山水库融雪径流预报[J].黑龙江水专学报,2004(2):40- 41.
[11] MARTINEC J,RANGO A.Parameter values for snowmelt runoff modelling[J].Journal of Hydrology,1986,84(3/4):197- 219.
[12] 怀保娟,李忠勤,孙美平,等.SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):41- 48.
[13] 黄永生.SRM融雪径流模型参数不确定性研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2015.
[14] 李弘毅,王建.SRM融雪径流模型在黑河流域上游的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):769- 775.
[15] 杨爽.桓仁水库流域春季融雪径流研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2017.
[16] 苏宏超.乌鲁木齐河春季径流特征分析[J].干旱区地理,1993,16(3):10- 18.
[17] 席小康,朱仲元,宋小园,等.锡林河流域融雪径流时间变化特征与成因分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):150- 153.
[18] 路振刚,李龙波,王永峰,等.丰满水库运行对局地气候的影响回顾[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(4):35- 41.
[19] 尤芳,袁帅.丰满流域可能最大暴雨与可能最大洪水分析研究[J].吉林水利,2008(11):33- 35.
[20] 唐蕴,王浩,严登华,等.近50年来东北地区降水的时空分异研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(2):172- 176.
[21] 孙力,安刚,廉毅,等.中国东北地区夏季旱涝的大气环流异常特征[J].气候与环境研究,2002,7(1):102- 113.
[22] 廉毅,沈柏竹,高枞亭,等.中国气候过渡带干旱化发展趋势与东亚夏季风、极涡活动相关研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):740- 749.
[23] 周伟,叶春茂,金侃,等.雷达目标双曲线调频回波生成[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(8):878- 883.
[24] 张波,王文军,张伟,等.驾驶人眼睛局部区域定位算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(6):756- 762.
[25] 邓可欣.基于超边图匹配的视网膜眼底图像配准算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(5):568- 574.
[26] 杨蕊,王龙,韩春玲,等.9种基流分割方法在南盘江上游的应用对比[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(5):707- 712.
[27] TALLAKSEN L M.A review of baseflow recession analysis[J].Journal of Hydrology,1995,165(1/2/3/4):349- 370.
[28] 李鸿雁,张蕾,郑龙群,等.递归数字滤波法在嫩江流域地下径流分割中的应用[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(6):631- 635.
[29] 梦辉,桑小田,田振川,等.箱形图在长江流域棉区棉花含杂率异常值检验中的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(11):2895- 2898.
[30] MICHAEL F,DAVID C.Hoaglin and Boris Iglewicz:some implementa-tions of the boxplot[J].The American Statistician,1989,43:50- 54.
[31] YOAV B.Opening the box of a boxplot[J].The American Statistician,1988,42:257- 262.
[32] ROUSSEEUW P J,IDA RUTS,TUKEY J W.The bagplot:a bivariate boxplot[J].The American Statistician,1999,53:382- 387.
[2] 黄忠恕,金兴平.水文气候预测基础理论与应用技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[3] 张志明,范钟秀.气象学与气候学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[4] 刘清仁.松花江流域水旱灾害发生规律及长期预报研究[J].水科学进展,1994,5(4):319- 327.
[5] 陈守煜.模糊水文学[J].大连理工大学学报,1988,28(1):93- 97.
[6] 陈守煜.模糊水文学与水资源系统模糊优化原理[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1990.
[7] 刘晓凤,肖迪芳,谭玉坤.伊春河春汛来水量预报方法研究[J].黑龙江水专学报,2010,37(1):124- 126.
[8] 勾文婧.小兴安岭季节性冻土区春季融雪径流分析[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2017.
[9] 于海鸣,刘建基.新疆丘陵区小流域春季融雪设计洪水估算[J].水利规划与设计,2005(3):29- 31.
[10] 于春冬.龙凤山水库融雪径流预报[J].黑龙江水专学报,2004(2):40- 41.
[11] MARTINEC J,RANGO A.Parameter values for snowmelt runoff modelling[J].Journal of Hydrology,1986,84(3/4):197- 219.
[12] 怀保娟,李忠勤,孙美平,等.SRM融雪径流模型在乌鲁木齐河源区的应用研究[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(1):41- 48.
[13] 黄永生.SRM融雪径流模型参数不确定性研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2015.
[14] 李弘毅,王建.SRM融雪径流模型在黑河流域上游的模拟研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):769- 775.
[15] 杨爽.桓仁水库流域春季融雪径流研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2017.
[16] 苏宏超.乌鲁木齐河春季径流特征分析[J].干旱区地理,1993,16(3):10- 18.
[17] 席小康,朱仲元,宋小园,等.锡林河流域融雪径流时间变化特征与成因分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):150- 153.
[18] 路振刚,李龙波,王永峰,等.丰满水库运行对局地气候的影响回顾[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(4):35- 41.
[19] 尤芳,袁帅.丰满流域可能最大暴雨与可能最大洪水分析研究[J].吉林水利,2008(11):33- 35.
[20] 唐蕴,王浩,严登华,等.近50年来东北地区降水的时空分异研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(2):172- 176.
[21] 孙力,安刚,廉毅,等.中国东北地区夏季旱涝的大气环流异常特征[J].气候与环境研究,2002,7(1):102- 113.
[22] 廉毅,沈柏竹,高枞亭,等.中国气候过渡带干旱化发展趋势与东亚夏季风、极涡活动相关研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):740- 749.
[23] 周伟,叶春茂,金侃,等.雷达目标双曲线调频回波生成[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(8):878- 883.
[24] 张波,王文军,张伟,等.驾驶人眼睛局部区域定位算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(6):756- 762.
[25] 邓可欣.基于超边图匹配的视网膜眼底图像配准算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2014,54(5):568- 574.
[26] 杨蕊,王龙,韩春玲,等.9种基流分割方法在南盘江上游的应用对比[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(5):707- 712.
[27] TALLAKSEN L M.A review of baseflow recession analysis[J].Journal of Hydrology,1995,165(1/2/3/4):349- 370.
[28] 李鸿雁,张蕾,郑龙群,等.递归数字滤波法在嫩江流域地下径流分割中的应用[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(6):631- 635.
[29] 梦辉,桑小田,田振川,等.箱形图在长江流域棉区棉花含杂率异常值检验中的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(11):2895- 2898.
[30] MICHAEL F,DAVID C.Hoaglin and Boris Iglewicz:some implementa-tions of the boxplot[J].The American Statistician,1989,43:50- 54.
[31] YOAV B.Opening the box of a boxplot[J].The American Statistician,1988,42:257- 262.
[32] ROUSSEEUW P J,IDA RUTS,TUKEY J W.The bagplot:a bivariate boxplot[J].The American Statistician,1999,53:382- 387.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |