水华藻斑漂移速度时变特征研究
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摘要
以太湖水华藻斑为研究对象,采用自主研发的藻斑漂移原位观测技术,研究分析了不同时间尺度下太湖蓝藻水华易发区藻斑漂移速度的变化特征.结果表明:日内藻斑漂移速率在(0.0793±0.0135)～(0.146±0.0318)m/s范围内变化,藻斑漂移速度的北向分量在-0.0896～0.0247m/s之间,东向分量在-0.0157～0.0029m/s之间.漂移速率日均值变化呈现出锯齿式交替特征即增加-减少-再增加的往复循环,变化范围为(0.0499±0.0141)～(0.1580±0.0120)m/s,漂移方向以北向为主.藻斑漂移速度的月际变化明显,6月～8月,向东漂移的占比逐渐降低,而向西漂移的占比逐渐增加,此期间漂移方向均以北向为主.漂移速率6月上旬最小,均值为0.0680m/s,7月上旬达到最大,均值为0.1350m/s,7月中旬～8月下旬水华藻斑漂移速率在0.0800m/s附近波动.
Driven by the external power, floating algal patches in the open Taihu Lake would drift into Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay located in the northern part of Taihu Lake. And the input of exogenous algal patches would aggravate the outbreak of algal blooms in local areas. Based on the self-developed situ observation technique of algal patches drift. We investigated the variation characteristics of algal patches horizontal drifting velocity at different time scales in Zhushan Bay, Lake Taihu. The results showed that the diurnal variation range of algal drift ratewes(0.0793±0.0135)～(0.146±0.0318)m/s during the period of observation, and the eigenvalues of the northern and eastern component of drifting velocity of algal patches were-0.0896～0.0247m/s and-0.0157～0.0029m/s, respectively, which reflected significant time difference. The daily mean value of the drift rate based on situ observation exhibited a zigzag alternating characteristic, that was, an increase-decrease-re-increment reciprocating cycle, with a variation range of(0.0499±0.0141)～(0.1580±0.0120)m/s, and the drift direction was mainly northward. The inter-monthly variation of algal patches horizontal drifting velocity was obvious, From June to August, the proportion of drift to the east gradually decreased, while the proportion of drift to the west gradually increased. During this period, the drift direction was mainly northward. The drift rate of the algal blooms was the smallest in early June, with an average of 0.0680m/s. It reaches the maximum in the first half of July, with an average of 0.1350m/s. The drift rate from mid-July to late August fluctuated around 0.0800m/s.
Driven by the external power, floating algal patches in the open Taihu Lake would drift into Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay located in the northern part of Taihu Lake. And the input of exogenous algal patches would aggravate the outbreak of algal blooms in local areas. Based on the self-developed situ observation technique of algal patches drift. We investigated the variation characteristics of algal patches horizontal drifting velocity at different time scales in Zhushan Bay, Lake Taihu. The results showed that the diurnal variation range of algal drift ratewes(0.0793±0.0135)～(0.146±0.0318)m/s during the period of observation, and the eigenvalues of the northern and eastern component of drifting velocity of algal patches were-0.0896～0.0247m/s and-0.0157～0.0029m/s, respectively, which reflected significant time difference. The daily mean value of the drift rate based on situ observation exhibited a zigzag alternating characteristic, that was, an increase-decrease-re-increment reciprocating cycle, with a variation range of(0.0499±0.0141)～(0.1580±0.0120)m/s, and the drift direction was mainly northward. The inter-monthly variation of algal patches horizontal drifting velocity was obvious, From June to August, the proportion of drift to the east gradually decreased, while the proportion of drift to the west gradually increased. During this period, the drift direction was mainly northward. The drift rate of the algal blooms was the smallest in early June, with an average of 0.0680m/s. It reaches the maximum in the first half of July, with an average of 0.1350m/s. The drift rate from mid-July to late August fluctuated around 0.0800m/s.
引文
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[10]邓建才,刘鑫,张洪梅,等.太湖藻类水平漂移特征及其影响因素[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(2):358-364.Deng Jiancai,Liu Xin,Zhang Hongmei et al.Characteristics and impact factors of algal horizontal drifting in Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2014,26(2):358-364.
[11]Podsetchine V,Schernewski G.The influence of spatial wind inhomogeneity on flow patterns in a small lake[J].Water Research,1999,33(15):3348-3356.
[12]Marce R,Feijoo C,Navarro E,et al.Interaction between windinduced seiches and convective cooling governs algal distribution in a canyon-shaped reservoir[J].Freshwater Biology,2007,52(7):1336-1352.
[13]Rigosi A,Rueda F J,Hydraulic control of short-term successional changes in the phytoplankton assemblage in stratified reservoirs[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,44(4):216-226.
[14]朱永春,蔡启铭.风场对藻类在太湖中迁移影响的动力学研究[J].湖泊科学,1997,9(2):152-158.Zhu Yongchun,Cai Qiming.The dynamic research of the influence of wind field on the migration of algae in Taihu Lake[J].J Lake Sci,1997,9(2):152-158.
[15]范成新,陈宇炜,吴庆龙.夏季盛行风对太湖北部藻类水华分布的影响[J].上海环境科学,1998,17(8):4-6.Fang Chengxin,Chen Yuwei,Wu Qinglong.Effect of prevailing wind in summer on distribution of algal bloom in Lake Taihu.Environmental Science of Shanghai,1998,17(8):4-6.
[16]秦伯强,胡维平,陈伟民,等.太湖水环境演化过程与机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,107-108.Qin Boqiang,Hu Weiping,Chen Weimin.Evolution Process and Mechanism of Taihu Lake Water Environment[M].Science Press,2004:107-108.
[17]Wu X D,Kong F X,Chen Y W,et al.Horizontal distribution and transport processes of bloom-forming Microcystis in a large shallow lake(Taihu,China)[J].Limnological,2010,40(1):8-15.
[18]吴挺峰,朱广伟,秦伯强,等.前期风场控制的太湖北部湖湾水动力及对蓝藻水华影响[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(3):409-415.Wu Tingfeng,Zhu Guangwei,Qin Boqiang et al.Prior wind field induced hydrodynamics and its influence on cyanobacteria bloom in northern bays of Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2012,24(3):409-415.
[19]杨清心.太湖水华成因及控制途径初探[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(1):67-74.Yang Qinxin.Algal bloom in Taihu Lake and its control[J].J Lake Sci,1996,8(1):67-74.
[20]李一平,逢勇,刘兴平,等.太湖波浪数值模拟[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):117-122.Li Yiping,Pang Yong,Liu Xingping et al.Numerical modeling of waves in Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2008,20(1):117-122.
[21]Deng J C,Chen F,Liu X,et al.Horizontal migration of algal patches associated with cyanobacterial blooms in an eutrophic shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,87:185-193.
[2]Chen Q,Han R,Li W,et al.Analysis of algal bloom risk with uncertainties in lakes by integrating self-organizing map and fuzzy information theory[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,482-483(1):318-324.
[3]Gutierrez-Mejia E,Lares M L,Huerta-Diaz M A,et al.Cadmium and phosphate variability during algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in Todos Santos Bay,Baja California,Mexico[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,541:865.
[4]兰智文,赵鸣,尹澄清.藻类水华的化学控制研究[J].环境科学,1992,13(1):12-16.Lan Zhiwen,Zhao Ming,Yin Chengqing.Controlling algal overgrowth with chemical methods[J].Environmental Science,1992,13(1):12-16.
[5]Moreno-Ostos E,Cruz-Pizarro L,Basanta A,et al.The influenceof wind-induced mixing on the vertical distribution of buoyant and sinkingphytoplankton species[J].Aquatic Ecology,2009,43(2):271-284.
[6]白晓华,胡维平,胡志新,等.2004年夏季太湖梅梁湾席状漂浮水华风力漂移入湾量计算[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):57-60.Bai Xiaohua,Hu Weiping,Hu Zhixin et al.Importation of winddriven of Mat-Lake algae bloom into MeiLiang Bay of Taihu Lake in2004 Summer[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(6):57-60.
[7]蔡启铭.太湖环境生态研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1998:149-157.Cai Qiming.Study of environment and ecology in Lake Taihu[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1998:149-157.
[8]胡开明,逄勇,谢飞,等.直湖港、武进港关闸对太湖竺山湖水环境影响[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(6):923-929.Hu Kaiming,Pang Yong,Xie Fei et al.Effects of zhihugang and wujingang closing sluices on water environment of Lake Zhushan,Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2010,22(6):923-929.
[9]吴俊锋,谢飞,陈丽娜,等.太湖重污染湖区底泥沉积物特性[J].水资源保护,2011,27(4):74-78.Wu Junfeng,Xie Fei,Cheng Lina et al.Characteristics of bottom sediment in heavily polluted area of Taihu Lake[J].Water Resources Protection,2011,27(4):74-78.
[10]邓建才,刘鑫,张洪梅,等.太湖藻类水平漂移特征及其影响因素[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(2):358-364.Deng Jiancai,Liu Xin,Zhang Hongmei et al.Characteristics and impact factors of algal horizontal drifting in Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2014,26(2):358-364.
[11]Podsetchine V,Schernewski G.The influence of spatial wind inhomogeneity on flow patterns in a small lake[J].Water Research,1999,33(15):3348-3356.
[12]Marce R,Feijoo C,Navarro E,et al.Interaction between windinduced seiches and convective cooling governs algal distribution in a canyon-shaped reservoir[J].Freshwater Biology,2007,52(7):1336-1352.
[13]Rigosi A,Rueda F J,Hydraulic control of short-term successional changes in the phytoplankton assemblage in stratified reservoirs[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,44(4):216-226.
[14]朱永春,蔡启铭.风场对藻类在太湖中迁移影响的动力学研究[J].湖泊科学,1997,9(2):152-158.Zhu Yongchun,Cai Qiming.The dynamic research of the influence of wind field on the migration of algae in Taihu Lake[J].J Lake Sci,1997,9(2):152-158.
[15]范成新,陈宇炜,吴庆龙.夏季盛行风对太湖北部藻类水华分布的影响[J].上海环境科学,1998,17(8):4-6.Fang Chengxin,Chen Yuwei,Wu Qinglong.Effect of prevailing wind in summer on distribution of algal bloom in Lake Taihu.Environmental Science of Shanghai,1998,17(8):4-6.
[16]秦伯强,胡维平,陈伟民,等.太湖水环境演化过程与机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,107-108.Qin Boqiang,Hu Weiping,Chen Weimin.Evolution Process and Mechanism of Taihu Lake Water Environment[M].Science Press,2004:107-108.
[17]Wu X D,Kong F X,Chen Y W,et al.Horizontal distribution and transport processes of bloom-forming Microcystis in a large shallow lake(Taihu,China)[J].Limnological,2010,40(1):8-15.
[18]吴挺峰,朱广伟,秦伯强,等.前期风场控制的太湖北部湖湾水动力及对蓝藻水华影响[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(3):409-415.Wu Tingfeng,Zhu Guangwei,Qin Boqiang et al.Prior wind field induced hydrodynamics and its influence on cyanobacteria bloom in northern bays of Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2012,24(3):409-415.
[19]杨清心.太湖水华成因及控制途径初探[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(1):67-74.Yang Qinxin.Algal bloom in Taihu Lake and its control[J].J Lake Sci,1996,8(1):67-74.
[20]李一平,逢勇,刘兴平,等.太湖波浪数值模拟[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):117-122.Li Yiping,Pang Yong,Liu Xingping et al.Numerical modeling of waves in Lake Taihu[J].J Lake Sci,2008,20(1):117-122.
[21]Deng J C,Chen F,Liu X,et al.Horizontal migration of algal patches associated with cyanobacterial blooms in an eutrophic shallow lake[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,87:185-193.