有机肥与化肥配施对广藿香生长、品质及土壤养分的影响
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摘要
设置有机肥与化肥不同配比的8个处理:100%有机肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥、50%有机肥+50%化肥、40%有机肥+60%化肥、25%有机肥+75%化肥与100%化肥,并以不施肥为对照(CK),研究不同施肥处理对广藿香生长、产量、油量、品质及广藿香基地土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明不同施肥处理都促进广藿香产量、油量、品质及土壤养分含量的提高,但处理之间差异明显。产量及油量以75%有机肥+25%化肥处理最高,分别比对照平均增产31.58%和168.10%,60%有机肥+40%化肥处理次之,50%有机肥+50%化肥处理居中;广藿香株高、茎粗、分蘖数、叶面积指数等生长指标以及12种主要化学成分(β-广藿香烯、α-愈创木烯、刺蕊草烯、α-广藿香烯、δ-愈创木烯、苦橙油醇、β-榄香烯、异石竹烯、β-愈创木烯、反式-丁香烯、广藿香酮、广藿香醇)、水溶性和醇溶性浸出物等品质指标都以75%有机肥+25%化肥处理最高。广藿香基地土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量以100%有机肥、75%有机肥+25%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥、50%有机肥+50%化肥处理含量较高,其中100%有机肥处理最高,4个处理间差异不显著。结论得出,75%有机肥+25%化肥配施是适合广藿香施肥的方案。
Pogostemon cablin belongs to Labiatae,with reputation in the domestic and foreign markets.The Hainan Patchouli,in addition to medicine,due to high oil content,is also used to extract volatile oil for export. To test the effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on Patchouli plants,eight treatments of compound fertilizer mixed with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were set to study their influences on Patchouli growth, yield, oil, quality and soil nutrient contents. The treatments were set as organic fertilizer of 100%( 100% OF),chemical fertilizer of 100%( 100% CF),75% OF + 25% CF,60% OF + 40% CF,50% OF + 50% CF,40% OF + 60% CF,25% OF + 75% CF and no fertilizer as control( CK). The results showed that different fertilization treatments promoted the improvement of Patchouli yield,oil,quality and soil nutrient contents,but an significant difference was presented between different treatments. The yield and oil were the highest in 75% OF + 25% CF treatment,which was 31. 58% and 168. 10% higher than those of CK, respectively, followed by60% OF + 30% CF and 50% OF + 50% CF treatments. The growth indexes of Patchouli,such as plantheight,stem diameter,number of tillers and leaf area index,and the qualities of the 12 kinds of main chemical components( β-Patchouliene,α-guaiene,exogenous squalene,α-patchoulene,δ-guaiene,nerolidol,β-elemene,caryophyllene,β-guaiene,trans-caryophyllene,pogostone,patchouli alcohol),water soluble and alcohol soluble extracts in 75% OF + 25% CF treatment were the highest. Organic matter,alkali solution nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium contents in soil were higher in100% OF,75% OF + 25% CF,60% OF + 40% CF,and 50% OF + 50% CF treatments,and 100% OF treatment got the highest values, the difference between the four treatments was not significant.Therefore,the treatment of 75% OF + 25% CF could be suitable for Patchouli fertilization scheme.
Pogostemon cablin belongs to Labiatae,with reputation in the domestic and foreign markets.The Hainan Patchouli,in addition to medicine,due to high oil content,is also used to extract volatile oil for export. To test the effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on Patchouli plants,eight treatments of compound fertilizer mixed with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were set to study their influences on Patchouli growth, yield, oil, quality and soil nutrient contents. The treatments were set as organic fertilizer of 100%( 100% OF),chemical fertilizer of 100%( 100% CF),75% OF + 25% CF,60% OF + 40% CF,50% OF + 50% CF,40% OF + 60% CF,25% OF + 75% CF and no fertilizer as control( CK). The results showed that different fertilization treatments promoted the improvement of Patchouli yield,oil,quality and soil nutrient contents,but an significant difference was presented between different treatments. The yield and oil were the highest in 75% OF + 25% CF treatment,which was 31. 58% and 168. 10% higher than those of CK, respectively, followed by60% OF + 30% CF and 50% OF + 50% CF treatments. The growth indexes of Patchouli,such as plantheight,stem diameter,number of tillers and leaf area index,and the qualities of the 12 kinds of main chemical components( β-Patchouliene,α-guaiene,exogenous squalene,α-patchoulene,δ-guaiene,nerolidol,β-elemene,caryophyllene,β-guaiene,trans-caryophyllene,pogostone,patchouli alcohol),water soluble and alcohol soluble extracts in 75% OF + 25% CF treatment were the highest. Organic matter,alkali solution nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium contents in soil were higher in100% OF,75% OF + 25% CF,60% OF + 40% CF,and 50% OF + 50% CF treatments,and 100% OF treatment got the highest values, the difference between the four treatments was not significant.Therefore,the treatment of 75% OF + 25% CF could be suitable for Patchouli fertilization scheme.
引文
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3 冯耀南.中药材商品规格质量鉴别[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,1995:226.
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5 Bhaskar S.Growth,herbage and oil yields of patchouli(Pogostemon patchouli)as influenced by cultivars and nitrogen fertilization[J].Indian Perfumer,1995,39(1):35-38.
6 Singh M.Effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on herbage and oil yield of patchouli(Pogostemon patchouli)on alfisols[J].Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences,1999,21(3):689-691.
7 Puttanna K,Prakasa Rao E V S,Ganesha Rao R S,et al.Effect of shade and nitrogen on herb yield and longevity of patchouli(Pogostemon cablin)[J].Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences,2005,25:297-300.
8 Singh M,Sharma S,Ramesh S.Herbage,oil yield and oil quality of patchouli[Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.]infuenced by irrigation,organic mulch and nitrogen application in semi-arid tropical climate[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2002,16(2):101-107.
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15 Chung Ren-Shih,Chen Chin-Chun,Ng Lean-Teik.Nitrogen fertilization affects the growth performance,betaine and polysaccharide concentrations of Lycium barbarum[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2010,32(3):650-655.
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25 杨绍俊,刘剑金,申宴斌,等.有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟品种NC71生长及产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2014,28(4):367-383.
26 Meena B P,Kumar A,Lal B,et al.Soil microbial,chemical properties and crop productivity as affected by organic manure application in popcorn(Zea mays L.var.everta)[J].African Journal of Microbiology Research,2015,9(21):1402-1408.
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2 罗集鹏,冯毅凡,郭晓玲.石牌藿香的挥发油成分分析[J].中草药,2001,32(4):299-302.Luo Jipeng,Feng Yifan,Guo Xiaoling.Analysis of volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2001,32(4):299-302.(in Chinese)
3 冯耀南.中药材商品规格质量鉴别[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,1995:226.
4 徐颂军,王晓峰,徐祥浩,等.药用植物广蕾香的品种分类探讨[J].华南师范大学学报:自然科学板,2003(1):82-87.Xu Songjun,Wang Xiaofeng,Xu Xianghao,et al.The classification of cultivas Pogostemon cablin cultivated in Guangdong Province of China[J].Journal of South China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2003(1):82-87.(in Chinese)
5 Bhaskar S.Growth,herbage and oil yields of patchouli(Pogostemon patchouli)as influenced by cultivars and nitrogen fertilization[J].Indian Perfumer,1995,39(1):35-38.
6 Singh M.Effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on herbage and oil yield of patchouli(Pogostemon patchouli)on alfisols[J].Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences,1999,21(3):689-691.
7 Puttanna K,Prakasa Rao E V S,Ganesha Rao R S,et al.Effect of shade and nitrogen on herb yield and longevity of patchouli(Pogostemon cablin)[J].Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences,2005,25:297-300.
8 Singh M,Sharma S,Ramesh S.Herbage,oil yield and oil quality of patchouli[Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.]infuenced by irrigation,organic mulch and nitrogen application in semi-arid tropical climate[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2002,16(2):101-107.
9 潘超美,李薇,徐鸿华,等.施肥水平对广藿香生长及挥发油积累的影响[J].中药材,2003,26(8):542-544.
10 徐建中,王志安,俞旭平,等.益母草有机肥与无机肥配比试验[J].中国中药杂志,2006,31(4):340-342.
11 曾波,何忠俊,毛昆明,等.药用植物施肥研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2007,22(4):587-592.Zeng Bo,He Zhongjun,Mao Kunming,et al.Current progress of fertilization in Chinese herbs[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2007,22(4):587-592.(in Chinese)
12 陈铁柱,张连学,周先建,等.施肥方法对平贝母产量和质量的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(5):544-546.Chen Tiezhu,Zhang Lianxue,Zhou Xianjian,et al.Preliminary study of fertilizer effect on yield and quality of Fritillaria ussuriensis[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2009,34(5):544-546.(in Chinese)
13 Singh M,Rao R S.Influence of sources and doses of N and K on herbage,oil yield and nutrient uptake of patchouli[Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.]in semi-arid tropics[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2009,29(1):229-234.
14 Zhu Zaibiao,Liang Zongsuo,Han Ruilian,et al.Growth and saikosaponin production of the medicinal herb Bupleurum chinense DC.under different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2009,29(1):96-101.
15 Chung Ren-Shih,Chen Chin-Chun,Ng Lean-Teik.Nitrogen fertilization affects the growth performance,betaine and polysaccharide concentrations of Lycium barbarum[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2010,32(3):650-655.
16 王丹,侯俊玲,万春阳,等.中药材施肥研究进展[J].土壤通报,2011,42(1):225-228.Wang Dan,Hou Junling,Wan Chunyang,et al.Progress of fertilization on Chinese medicinal materials[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2011,42(1):225-228.(in Chinese)
17 Chen Yuhang,Guo Qiaosheng,Liu Li.Influence of fertilization and drought stress on the growth and production of secondary metabolites in Prunella vulgaris L.[J].Journal of Medicinal Plants Research,2011,5(9):1749-1755.
18 刘红彬,李慧玲,李雁鸣.有机肥和无机肥施用量对荆芥生育特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(6):39-45.Liu Hongbin,Li Huiling,Li Yanming.Effects of manure and fertilizers on growth and development characters of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2012,35(6):39-45.(in Chinese)
19 He C E,Lu L L,Jin Y,et al.Effects of nitrogen on root development and contents of bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge[J].Crop Science,2013,53(5):2028-2039.
20 Lu L L,He C E,Jin Y,et al.Effects of the applications of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at different growth stages on the root growth and bioactive compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge[J].Australia Journal of Crop Science,2013,7(10):1533-1543.
21 刘红彬,李慧玲,李雁鸣.施肥对河北荆芥生长生理及产量和药用品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(2):157-163.Liu Hongbin,Li Huiling,Li Yanming.Effects of fertilization on growth physiology,yield and medicinal quality of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(2):157-163.(in Chinese)
22 卢丽兰,杨新全,杨勇,等.不同供氮水平对广藿香产量与品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):702-708.Lu Lilan,Yang Xinquan,Yang Yong,et al.Effect of different nitrogen levels on yield and quality of Pogostemon cablin[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(3):702-708.(in Chinese)
23 张红梅,金海军,丁小涛,等.有机肥无机肥配施对温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,20(1):247-253.Zhang Hongmei,Jin Haijun,Ding Xiaotao,et al.Effects of application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth,yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2010,20(1):247-253.(in Chinese)
24 李萍萍,林永锋,胡永光.有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶生长和土壤养分的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):64-69.Li Pingping,Lin Yongfeng,Hu Yongguang.Effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on growth,quality of tea plants and soil nutrient[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):64-69.(in Chinese)
25 杨绍俊,刘剑金,申宴斌,等.有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟品种NC71生长及产质量的影响[J].作物研究,2014,28(4):367-383.
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