基于二极管钳位的电流转移型高压直流断路器
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摘要
为有效提高电流转移型直流断路器的运行可靠性,降低结构复杂性和控制复杂度,提出了可用于正极和负极的两种二极管钳位式电流转移型高压直流断路器拓扑结构。该改进式拓扑将原断路器一半的通流支路改用二极管支路,同时添加了与绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)组件相并联的旁路开关,以提升超快速机械开关分断失灵情况下对直流断路器本体的保护。在保证同等直流故障处理能力的前提下,其投资成本与电流转移型直流断路器具有可比性,不引入过高的投资成本增量。为验证二极管钳位式电流转移型直流断路器的有效性,在PSCAD/EMTDC内建立了一个三端单极直流网络模型。仿真结果验证了二极管钳位式电流转移型直流断路器在隔离直流线路故障方面的可行性和有效性。
In order to effectively improve the operation reliability of the current-transferring DC breaker,reduce the complexity of the structure and the control,two diode clamping current-transferring DC breakers are presented for the positive and negative poles.The diode clamping topology changes half of conducting branches of the original breaker to diode branches and adds the bypass switch which is parallel to the conducting switch to improve the protection of the DC circuit breaker under the failure of the ultra-fast mechanical switch.On the premise of ensuring the same DC fault handling capacity,the investment cost is comparable to the current-transferring DC breaker,and less investment cost increment is introduced.A model of a threeterminal monopolar high voltage DC grid is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the validity of the proposed breaker.Simulation results prove the validity and feasibility of the proposed solution.
In order to effectively improve the operation reliability of the current-transferring DC breaker,reduce the complexity of the structure and the control,two diode clamping current-transferring DC breakers are presented for the positive and negative poles.The diode clamping topology changes half of conducting branches of the original breaker to diode branches and adds the bypass switch which is parallel to the conducting switch to improve the protection of the DC circuit breaker under the failure of the ultra-fast mechanical switch.On the premise of ensuring the same DC fault handling capacity,the investment cost is comparable to the current-transferring DC breaker,and less investment cost increment is introduced.A model of a threeterminal monopolar high voltage DC grid is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the validity of the proposed breaker.Simulation results prove the validity and feasibility of the proposed solution.
引文
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[13]刘高任,许烽,徐政,等.适用于直流电网的组合式高压直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):70-77.LIU Gaoren,XU Feng,XU Zheng,et al.An assembled HVDC breaker for HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):70-77.
[14]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[15]HFNER J, JACOBSON B. Proactive hybrid HVDC breakers—a key innovation for reliable HVDC grids[C]//CIGRE,2011,Bologna,Italy:1-9.
[16]许烽,江道灼,黄晓明,等.电流转移型高压直流断路器[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):98-104.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160317006.XU Feng,JIANG Daozhuo, HUANG Xiaoming,et al.Current-transferring high voltage DC breaker[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):98-104.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160317006.
[17]吕玮,方太勋,杨浩,等.基于电弧电压的混合型直流断路器[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):83-87.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140928006.LYU Wei,FANG Taixun,YANG Hao,et al.Hybrid DC breaker based on arc voltage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(11):83-87. DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140928006.
[18]裘鹏,黄晓明,王一,等.高压直流断路器在舟山柔直工程中的应用[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):403-408.QIU Peng,HUANG Xiaoming,WANG Yi,et al.Application of high voltage DC circuit breaker in Zhoushan VSC-HVDC transmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):403-408.
[19]魏晓光,杨兵建,贺之渊,等.级联全桥型直流断路器控制策略及其动态模拟试验[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):129-135.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150630010.WEI Xiaoguang,YANG Bingjian,HE Zhiyuan,et al.Control strategy and physical dynamic simulation of cascaded fullbridge DC circuit breaker[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(1):129-135. DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150630010.
[20]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.柔性直流输电线路故障处理与保护技术评述[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(20):158-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150125002.LIU Jian,TAI Nengling,FAN Chunju,et al.Comments on fault handling and protection technology for VSC-HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(20):158-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150125002.
[21]ABB Switzerland Ltd.5SNA 3000K452300 StakPak IGBT module datasheet[EB/OL].[2017-11-30].https://search-ext.abb. com/library/Download. aspx? DocumentID=5SYA1450&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch.
[22]ABB Switzerland Ltd.5SDD 40H4000rectifier diode[EB/OL].[2017-12-30].http://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumenID=5SDD_4 0H4 0 0 0&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch.
[23]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等.高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3171-3178.HUANG Yulong,ZHANG Zu’an, WEN Weijie,et al.Research on an ultrafast driver for HVDC circuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[24]吕玮,王文杰,方太勋,等.混合式高压直流断路器试验技术[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1685-1691.LYU Wei, WANG Wenjie,FANG Taixun,et al.Test technology of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1685-1691.
[25]唐庚,徐政,薛英林.LCC-MMC混合高压直流输电系统[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):301-310.TANG Geng,XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin.A LCC-MMC hybrid HVDC transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(10):301-310.
[2]蓝童琨,李银红,段献忠,等.适用于两电平电压源型换流器的直流故障清除辅助拓扑[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):50-55.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170502004.LAN Tongkun, LI Yinhong, DUAN Xianzhong, et al.Assistant topology with DC fault clearing capability for two-level voltage source converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(7):50-55. DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170502004.
[3]王庆,卢宇,胡兆庆,等.柔性直流输电系统孤岛运行方式下的故障电流抑制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):56-61.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170617002.WANG Qing,LU Yu,HU Zhaoqing,et al.Fault current341suppression method for flexible DC transmission system operating in islanded mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(7):56-61. DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170617002.
[4]许烽,徐政,刘高任.新型直流潮流控制器及其在环网式直流电网中的应用[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2644-2650.XU Feng,XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren.A neotype of DC power flow controller and its applications in meshed DC grids[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2644-2650.
[5]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.TANG Guangfu,LUO Xiang,WEI Xiaoguang.Multi-terminal HVDC and DC-grid technology[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):8-17.
[6]李亚楼,穆清,安宁,等.直流电网模型和仿真的发展与挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(4):127-135.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130422006.LI Yalou, MU Qing, AN Ning,et al.Development and challenge of modeling and simulation of DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(4):127-135.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130422006.
[7]石巍,曹冬明,杨兵,等.500kV整流型混合式高压直流断路器[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(7):102-107.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170531001.DAN Wei,CAO Dongming,YANG Bing,et al.500 kV commutation-based hybridHVDCcircuitbreaker[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(7):102-107.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170531001.
[8]马钊.直流断路器的研发现状及展望[J].智能电网,2013,1(1):12-16.MA Zhao.R&D status and prospects of HVDC circuit breakers[J].Smart Grid,2013,1(1):12-16.
[9]方进,邓珂琳,温家良.环网式三端直流输电系统及直流断路器应用的分析与仿真[J].电网技术,2012,36(6):244-249.FANG Jin, DENG Kelin, WEN Jialiang. Analysis and simulation ofring-shapedthree-terminalHVDCpower transmission system and application of DC breakers[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(6):244-249.
[10]何俊佳,袁召,赵文婷,等.直流断路器技术发展综述[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(2):9-15.HE Junjia,YUAN Zhao,ZHAO Wenting,et al.Review of DC circuit breaker technology development[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(2):9-15.
[11]魏晓光,高冲,罗湘,等.柔性直流输电网用新型高压直流断路器设计方案[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(15):95-102.WEI Xiaoguang,GAO Chong,LUO Xiang,et al.A novel design of high-voltage DC circuit breaker in HVDC flexible transmission grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(15):95-102.
[12]江道灼,张弛,郑欢,等.一种限流式混合直流断路器方案[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(4):65-71.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130624006.JIANG Daozhuo,ZHANG Chi,ZHENG Huan,et al.A scheme for current-limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(4):65-71.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130624006.
[13]刘高任,许烽,徐政,等.适用于直流电网的组合式高压直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):70-77.LIU Gaoren,XU Feng,XU Zheng,et al.An assembled HVDC breaker for HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):70-77.
[14]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[15]HFNER J, JACOBSON B. Proactive hybrid HVDC breakers—a key innovation for reliable HVDC grids[C]//CIGRE,2011,Bologna,Italy:1-9.
[16]许烽,江道灼,黄晓明,等.电流转移型高压直流断路器[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):98-104.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160317006.XU Feng,JIANG Daozhuo, HUANG Xiaoming,et al.Current-transferring high voltage DC breaker[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):98-104.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160317006.
[17]吕玮,方太勋,杨浩,等.基于电弧电压的混合型直流断路器[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(11):83-87.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140928006.LYU Wei,FANG Taixun,YANG Hao,et al.Hybrid DC breaker based on arc voltage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(11):83-87. DOI:10.7500/AEPS20140928006.
[18]裘鹏,黄晓明,王一,等.高压直流断路器在舟山柔直工程中的应用[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):403-408.QIU Peng,HUANG Xiaoming,WANG Yi,et al.Application of high voltage DC circuit breaker in Zhoushan VSC-HVDC transmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):403-408.
[19]魏晓光,杨兵建,贺之渊,等.级联全桥型直流断路器控制策略及其动态模拟试验[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):129-135.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150630010.WEI Xiaoguang,YANG Bingjian,HE Zhiyuan,et al.Control strategy and physical dynamic simulation of cascaded fullbridge DC circuit breaker[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(1):129-135. DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150630010.
[20]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.柔性直流输电线路故障处理与保护技术评述[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(20):158-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150125002.LIU Jian,TAI Nengling,FAN Chunju,et al.Comments on fault handling and protection technology for VSC-HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(20):158-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150125002.
[21]ABB Switzerland Ltd.5SNA 3000K452300 StakPak IGBT module datasheet[EB/OL].[2017-11-30].https://search-ext.abb. com/library/Download. aspx? DocumentID=5SYA1450&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch.
[22]ABB Switzerland Ltd.5SDD 40H4000rectifier diode[EB/OL].[2017-12-30].http://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumenID=5SDD_4 0H4 0 0 0&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch.
[23]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等.高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3171-3178.HUANG Yulong,ZHANG Zu’an, WEN Weijie,et al.Research on an ultrafast driver for HVDC circuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsion mechanism[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[24]吕玮,王文杰,方太勋,等.混合式高压直流断路器试验技术[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1685-1691.LYU Wei, WANG Wenjie,FANG Taixun,et al.Test technology of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(5):1685-1691.
[25]唐庚,徐政,薛英林.LCC-MMC混合高压直流输电系统[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(10):301-310.TANG Geng,XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin.A LCC-MMC hybrid HVDC transmission system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(10):301-310.