设施蔬菜昆虫群落结构与时序动态
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摘要
通过分析设施蔬菜生态系统中昆虫各群落的组成、特征及时序动态变化,为设施蔬菜害虫生态调控策略的制定提供科学依据。采用5点取样法,调查黄板诱集昆虫的种类和数量,利用群落特征指数进行分析。结果表明,设施番茄昆虫隶属于7个目16个科,设施黄瓜昆虫隶属于7个目18个科,并且设施黄瓜昆虫各群落丰富度指数、多样性指数与均匀度指数均高于设施番茄,而优势集中性指数、优势度指数则设施番茄高于设施黄瓜。非天敌昆虫亚群落在昆虫总群落的变化中起着主要作用,天敌昆虫亚群落对于非天敌昆虫群落的变化存在跟随现象。设施蔬菜生态系统昆虫群落特征与农田生态系统相比,具有一定相似性,又具有一定特殊性。
To provide a scientific basis for the ecological regulation of pest in protected vegetable, the composition, characteristics and temporal dynamics of insect communities in the ecosystem of the protected vegetables were analyzed. The five points sampling method was used to investigate species and quantity of insects trapped on yellow template. The basic characteristics of the insect community were analyzed using basic features of the community characteristic index. The results indicated that the insects collected in greenhouse tomato belonged to 16 families, seven orders, and the insects collected in greenhouse cucumber belonged to 18 families, seven orders. In addition, the richness index, diversity index and the evenness index of insect communities in greenhouse cucumber were higher than those in greenhouse of tomato. Nevertheless, the insect communities of protected tomato had higher dominant concentration index and the dominance index. The pests-neutral sub-communities played a major role in the changes of the total community of insects, and the natural enemy sub-communities had obviously follow-up to pests-neutral sub-communities. Compared with those under the farmland ecosystem, the characteristics of insect communities under the protected vegetable ecosystem have certain similarities and particularities.
To provide a scientific basis for the ecological regulation of pest in protected vegetable, the composition, characteristics and temporal dynamics of insect communities in the ecosystem of the protected vegetables were analyzed. The five points sampling method was used to investigate species and quantity of insects trapped on yellow template. The basic characteristics of the insect community were analyzed using basic features of the community characteristic index. The results indicated that the insects collected in greenhouse tomato belonged to 16 families, seven orders, and the insects collected in greenhouse cucumber belonged to 18 families, seven orders. In addition, the richness index, diversity index and the evenness index of insect communities in greenhouse cucumber were higher than those in greenhouse of tomato. Nevertheless, the insect communities of protected tomato had higher dominant concentration index and the dominance index. The pests-neutral sub-communities played a major role in the changes of the total community of insects, and the natural enemy sub-communities had obviously follow-up to pests-neutral sub-communities. Compared with those under the farmland ecosystem, the characteristics of insect communities under the protected vegetable ecosystem have certain similarities and particularities.
引文
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[17] 张立敏,张玉虎,陈斌,等.元阳梯田黑光灯诱集昆虫群落多样性及其评价方法研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2012,27(5):617-622.
[18] 蔚立强,陈国华,卢文琴,等.玉米与杂草互作田昆虫群落结构及稳定性研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(5):1057-1062.
[19] 韩宝瑜,江昌俊,李卓民.间作密植和单行茶园节肢动物群落组成差异[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):646-652.
[20] 董振隆,殷山山,文易进,等.间作玉米对花椒园昆虫群落结构及稳定性的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(5):647-653.
[21] 何芬,马承伟.中国设施农业发展现状与对策分析[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):462-465.
[22] 邢希君,宋建成,吝伶艳,等.设施农业温室大棚智能控制技术的现状与展望[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(21):10-15.
[23] 李中华,王国占,齐飞.我国设施农业发展现状及发展思路[J].中国农机化,2012(1):7-10.
[24] 焦娟,魏珉,李岩,等.我国设施环境及调控技术研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(7):167-172.
[25] 田志宏,祝华军.我国设施农业种植结构调整方向分析——以蔬菜、花卉生产为例[J].农业技术经济,2003(5):14-17.
[26] 单飞.设施农业病虫害的防治方法[J].吉林农业,2016 (10):90-90.
[27] 刘文,赵蔓菁,张国庆,等.玻璃温室番茄烟粉虱发生动态与防治技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(11):87-89.
[28] 郑乐怡.昆虫分类[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999:622-625.
[29] LI Y,STAM J M,POELMAN E H,et al.Community structure and abundance of insects in response to early-season aphid infestation in wild cabbage populations[J].Ecological Entomology,2016,41(4):378-388.
[30] BIRKEMOE T,BERGMANN S,HASLE T E,et al.Experimental warming increases herbivory by leaf-chewing insects in an alpine plant community[J].Ecology & Evolution,2016,6(19):6955-6962.
[31] 夏咛,杨广,尤民生.间作番茄对花椰菜田主要害虫和天敌的调控作用[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(4):391-399.
[32] 方加兴,申卫星,孟宪鹏,等.泰山黑虎峪灯下昆虫群落结构及多样性的时间动态研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):867-872.
[33] 付文锋.番茄田节肢动物群落动态及其主要害虫与其天敌之间的相互关系[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2009.
[34] 牛新利.黄瓜田节肢动物群落结构动态、主要害虫及其天敌生态位研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2008.
[35] 王有年,邢彦峰,周士龙,等.观光桃园昆虫群落结构与优势种生态位[J].林业科学,2009,45(4):88-94.
[36] 黄衍章,江世宏,杨长举,等.荔枝园昆虫群落种类组成与营养结构分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(2):208-213.
[37] 吕文彦,秦雪峰,徐艳聆,等.不同类型棉田昆虫群落结构研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):330-334.
[38] 徐国良,靳爱荣,杜纪壮,等.太行山区苹果园昆虫群落及其动态变化研究[J].华北农学报,2006,21(S2):156-159.
[2] MONTAGNAO M,LOZZIA C G,GIORGI A,et al.Insect community structure and insect biodiversity conservation in an Alpine wetland subjected to an intermediate diversified management regime[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,47(5):242-246.
[3] 张晓明,李强,陈国华,等.不同种植模式花椒园昆虫群落的结构及稳定性[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1986-1991.
[4] 高书晶,庞保平,于洋,等.麦田昆虫群落的结构与时序动态[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):47-50.
[5] 杜开书,柴立英,赵青席.玉米田昆虫群落的结构及时序动态研究[J].玉米科学,2010,18(3):150-154.
[6] 董文霞,张钟宁,李生才,等.不同棉田昆虫群落的比较研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2001,38(2):112-116.
[7] 侯中一.大豆田昆虫群落结构及天敌对蚜虫的调控功能[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2007.
[8] 尤民生,徐清元.福州市郊区十字花科菜田昆虫群落的物种组成、丰富度及多样性[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2000,29(4):444-452.
[9] 韩宝瑜,张钟宁,LE VAN TRINH.河内蔬菜基地冬季主要蔬菜上昆虫群落组成[J].生物安全学报,2003,12(2):102-103.
[10] 张晓明,李强,陈国华,等.花椒园昆虫群落结构及时间动态的聚类分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(1):237-248.
[11] 陈川,唐周怀,李鑫.苹果园天敌昆虫群落的空间分布研究[J].环境昆虫学报,2005,27(4):160-164.
[12] 郭线茹,尹新明,罗梅浩,等.桃园昆虫群落的时间结构研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(2):146-149.
[13] 赵飞,李捷,牛荣山,等.日光温室枣树昆虫群落及时间动态研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):163-166.
[14] 张培花,高俊燕,岳建强,等.柠檬园昆虫群落的时间结构及动态[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(2):420-423.
[15] 黄保宏,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.梅园昆虫群落的时间结构及动态[J.应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(2):187-191.
[16] 彭萍,李品武,侯渝嘉,等.不同生态茶园昆虫群落多样性研究[J].植物保护,2006,32(4):67-70.
[17] 张立敏,张玉虎,陈斌,等.元阳梯田黑光灯诱集昆虫群落多样性及其评价方法研究[J].云南农业大学学报,2012,27(5):617-622.
[18] 蔚立强,陈国华,卢文琴,等.玉米与杂草互作田昆虫群落结构及稳定性研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(5):1057-1062.
[19] 韩宝瑜,江昌俊,李卓民.间作密植和单行茶园节肢动物群落组成差异[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):646-652.
[20] 董振隆,殷山山,文易进,等.间作玉米对花椒园昆虫群落结构及稳定性的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2013,28(5):647-653.
[21] 何芬,马承伟.中国设施农业发展现状与对策分析[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(3):462-465.
[22] 邢希君,宋建成,吝伶艳,等.设施农业温室大棚智能控制技术的现状与展望[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(21):10-15.
[23] 李中华,王国占,齐飞.我国设施农业发展现状及发展思路[J].中国农机化,2012(1):7-10.
[24] 焦娟,魏珉,李岩,等.我国设施环境及调控技术研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(7):167-172.
[25] 田志宏,祝华军.我国设施农业种植结构调整方向分析——以蔬菜、花卉生产为例[J].农业技术经济,2003(5):14-17.
[26] 单飞.设施农业病虫害的防治方法[J].吉林农业,2016 (10):90-90.
[27] 刘文,赵蔓菁,张国庆,等.玻璃温室番茄烟粉虱发生动态与防治技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(11):87-89.
[28] 郑乐怡.昆虫分类[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999:622-625.
[29] LI Y,STAM J M,POELMAN E H,et al.Community structure and abundance of insects in response to early-season aphid infestation in wild cabbage populations[J].Ecological Entomology,2016,41(4):378-388.
[30] BIRKEMOE T,BERGMANN S,HASLE T E,et al.Experimental warming increases herbivory by leaf-chewing insects in an alpine plant community[J].Ecology & Evolution,2016,6(19):6955-6962.
[31] 夏咛,杨广,尤民生.间作番茄对花椰菜田主要害虫和天敌的调控作用[J].昆虫学报,2015,58(4):391-399.
[32] 方加兴,申卫星,孟宪鹏,等.泰山黑虎峪灯下昆虫群落结构及多样性的时间动态研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(6):867-872.
[33] 付文锋.番茄田节肢动物群落动态及其主要害虫与其天敌之间的相互关系[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2009.
[34] 牛新利.黄瓜田节肢动物群落结构动态、主要害虫及其天敌生态位研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2008.
[35] 王有年,邢彦峰,周士龙,等.观光桃园昆虫群落结构与优势种生态位[J].林业科学,2009,45(4):88-94.
[36] 黄衍章,江世宏,杨长举,等.荔枝园昆虫群落种类组成与营养结构分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(2):208-213.
[37] 吕文彦,秦雪峰,徐艳聆,等.不同类型棉田昆虫群落结构研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):330-334.
[38] 徐国良,靳爱荣,杜纪壮,等.太行山区苹果园昆虫群落及其动态变化研究[J].华北农学报,2006,21(S2):156-159.
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