浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板关键层的稳定性分析
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摘要
针对浅埋煤层开采过程中顶板关键层破断下沉对工作面的影响,用初始后屈曲理论和尖点突变理论,研究采场推进过程中顶板关键层的平衡稳定性态.确定顶板关键层的临界载荷,建立分叉点的平衡稳定方程,得到初次来压时顶板破断步距,求出顶板破断后的极限下沉量,给出顶板关键层分岔点平衡路径稳定性的判别准则,并以神东矿区大柳塔煤矿C202工作面为例给出工程实例.研究结果表明:利用初始后屈曲理论可以揭示浅埋煤层顶板关键层分岔点平衡构形和屈曲后平衡路径的稳定性;煤层赋存条件、岩层倾角、岩体材料及结构截面的几何尺寸都会影响分岔点平衡路径的稳定性;顶板关键层发生初始屈曲后仍然可以承受一定的载荷,并且从初始屈曲到后屈曲的变形过程中,顶板关键层结构的平衡稳定性会发生突变.
Based on the influence of the roof key stratum fractured subsidence on work face during the mining in flat dipping shallow seam, by applying the initial post-buckling theory and the cusp catastrophic model, the equilibrium stability of key stratum is studied during the process of coal face advancing, which obtained the critical load of the main roof; the equilibrium stability equation of the bifurcation point is established, which derived a breaking span of the main roof during the first weighting and the final subsidence for broken key stratum, and the stability criterion of the equilibrium path at the bifurcation point of roof was obtained, and presented an application with the example of Daliuta C202 face. The results indicate that the stability for bifurcation point equilibrium configuration and post-buckling equilibrium path of roof strata can be revealed by using initial post-buckling theory; the stability of equilibrium path at the bifurcation was affected by coal seam occurrence conditions, rock slope, the material of rock mass and structural section geometry; while it occurs initial buckling, the roof strata still can bear a certain load, and the balanced stability of the roof structure will change during the deformation process from the initial buckling to the post-buckling.
Based on the influence of the roof key stratum fractured subsidence on work face during the mining in flat dipping shallow seam, by applying the initial post-buckling theory and the cusp catastrophic model, the equilibrium stability of key stratum is studied during the process of coal face advancing, which obtained the critical load of the main roof; the equilibrium stability equation of the bifurcation point is established, which derived a breaking span of the main roof during the first weighting and the final subsidence for broken key stratum, and the stability criterion of the equilibrium path at the bifurcation point of roof was obtained, and presented an application with the example of Daliuta C202 face. The results indicate that the stability for bifurcation point equilibrium configuration and post-buckling equilibrium path of roof strata can be revealed by using initial post-buckling theory; the stability of equilibrium path at the bifurcation was affected by coal seam occurrence conditions, rock slope, the material of rock mass and structural section geometry; while it occurs initial buckling, the roof strata still can bear a certain load, and the balanced stability of the roof structure will change during the deformation process from the initial buckling to the post-buckling.
引文
[1]黄庆享.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板结构及岩层控制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[2]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1 711-1 717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1 171-1 717.
[3]黄庆享.浅埋煤层保水开采岩层控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):50-55.HUANG Qingxiang.Research on roof control of water conservation mining in shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):50-55.
[4]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1 174-1 177.HUANG Qingxiang.Ground.pressure behavior and definition of shallow seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1 174-1 177.
[5]杨治林,余学义.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层的后屈曲性态[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):337-340.YANG Zhilin,YU Xueyi.Post-buckling behavior for roof strata in shallow seam long wall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):337-340.
[6]杨治林.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层灾害控制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S1):459-463.YANG Zhilin.Study of controlling catastrophe for roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S1):459-463.
[7]杨治林.缓斜煤层长壁开采基岩老顶的不稳定性态[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S2):61-65.YANG Zhilin.Instability behavior of bedrock roof in gently inclined seam longwall mining[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(S2):61-65.
[8]李新华,张向东.浅埋煤层坚硬直接顶破断诱发冲击地压机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):510-517.LI Xinhua,ZHANG Xiangdong.Mechanism and prevention of rock-burst induced by immediate roof breakage in shallow-buried coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):510-517.
[9]刘学生,宁建国,谭云亮.近浅埋煤层顶板破断力学模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):214-219.LIU Xuesheng,NING Jiangguo,TAN Yunliang.Study on roof breaking model of near shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):214-219.
[10]姜海军,曹胜根,张云,等.浅埋煤层关键层初次破断特征及垮落机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):860-866.JIANG Haijun,CAO Shenggen,ZHANG Yun,et al.Study on the first failure and caving mechanism of key strata of shallow coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):860-866.
[11]肖远.用岩层梁代替岩层板分析顺层岩体边坡结构变形破坏的条件[C]//第二届全国工程地质力学青年学术讨论会论文集.北京:地震出版社,1992.XIAO Yuan.Conditions replaced rock plate by rock beam for structural deformation and failure of bedding rock slope[C]//In:Proceedings of the 2nd National Youth Academic Conference on Engineering Geology Mechanics.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.
[12]杨建辉,杨万斌,郭延华.煤巷层状顶板压曲破坏现象分析[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(3):240-244.YANG Jianhui,YANG Wanbin,GUO Yanhua.Coal road roof press bending failure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(3):240-244.
[13]杨治林.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板结构稳定性分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(2):7-9.YANG Zhilin.Stability on roof structure in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(2):7-9.
[14]范钦珊.初始后屈曲理论及其应用[C]//.中国力学学会办公室.材料和结构的不稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1993:55-69.FAN Qinshan.Theory of initial post-buckling and its applications in engineering[C]//Chinese Society of Theoretical Applied Mechanics.Instability of Material and Structure.Beijing:Science Press,1993:55-69.
[15]YANG Zhilin.Stability of nearly horizontal roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(4):672-677.
[16]杨治林.层状边坡岩体结构的后屈曲[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2005,25(2):73-76.YANG Zhilin.Post-buckling for side slop with stratified rock mass[J].Journal of Chang,an University(Natural Science Edition),2005,25(2):73-76.
[17]WANG Zhiyin,YANG Zhifa,LI Yunpeng.Research on displacement criterion of structural deformation and failure for bedding rock slope[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1998,7(2):217-223
[2]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1 711-1 717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1 171-1 717.
[3]黄庆享.浅埋煤层保水开采岩层控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):50-55.HUANG Qingxiang.Research on roof control of water conservation mining in shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):50-55.
[4]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1 174-1 177.HUANG Qingxiang.Ground.pressure behavior and definition of shallow seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1 174-1 177.
[5]杨治林,余学义.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层的后屈曲性态[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):337-340.YANG Zhilin,YU Xueyi.Post-buckling behavior for roof strata in shallow seam long wall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):337-340.
[6]杨治林.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层灾害控制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(S1):459-463.YANG Zhilin.Study of controlling catastrophe for roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S1):459-463.
[7]杨治林.缓斜煤层长壁开采基岩老顶的不稳定性态[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S2):61-65.YANG Zhilin.Instability behavior of bedrock roof in gently inclined seam longwall mining[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(S2):61-65.
[8]李新华,张向东.浅埋煤层坚硬直接顶破断诱发冲击地压机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):510-517.LI Xinhua,ZHANG Xiangdong.Mechanism and prevention of rock-burst induced by immediate roof breakage in shallow-buried coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):510-517.
[9]刘学生,宁建国,谭云亮.近浅埋煤层顶板破断力学模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):214-219.LIU Xuesheng,NING Jiangguo,TAN Yunliang.Study on roof breaking model of near shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):214-219.
[10]姜海军,曹胜根,张云,等.浅埋煤层关键层初次破断特征及垮落机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):860-866.JIANG Haijun,CAO Shenggen,ZHANG Yun,et al.Study on the first failure and caving mechanism of key strata of shallow coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):860-866.
[11]肖远.用岩层梁代替岩层板分析顺层岩体边坡结构变形破坏的条件[C]//第二届全国工程地质力学青年学术讨论会论文集.北京:地震出版社,1992.XIAO Yuan.Conditions replaced rock plate by rock beam for structural deformation and failure of bedding rock slope[C]//In:Proceedings of the 2nd National Youth Academic Conference on Engineering Geology Mechanics.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.
[12]杨建辉,杨万斌,郭延华.煤巷层状顶板压曲破坏现象分析[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(3):240-244.YANG Jianhui,YANG Wanbin,GUO Yanhua.Coal road roof press bending failure[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(3):240-244.
[13]杨治林.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板结构稳定性分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(2):7-9.YANG Zhilin.Stability on roof structure in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(2):7-9.
[14]范钦珊.初始后屈曲理论及其应用[C]//.中国力学学会办公室.材料和结构的不稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1993:55-69.FAN Qinshan.Theory of initial post-buckling and its applications in engineering[C]//Chinese Society of Theoretical Applied Mechanics.Instability of Material and Structure.Beijing:Science Press,1993:55-69.
[15]YANG Zhilin.Stability of nearly horizontal roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(4):672-677.
[16]杨治林.层状边坡岩体结构的后屈曲[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2005,25(2):73-76.YANG Zhilin.Post-buckling for side slop with stratified rock mass[J].Journal of Chang,an University(Natural Science Edition),2005,25(2):73-76.
[17]WANG Zhiyin,YANG Zhifa,LI Yunpeng.Research on displacement criterion of structural deformation and failure for bedding rock slope[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1998,7(2):217-223