涉密矢量数字地图中敏感要素几何信息量的测度方法
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摘要
涉密矢量数字地图中敏感要素几何信息的定量测度,是实现定量化密级评定的基础和前提。如何进行敏感要素几何信息量的计算,目前尚缺乏相关研究。在现有地图信息论研究成果的基础上,论文主要开展了3方面的研究工作:首先,从地理对象的敏感性入手,探讨了地图要素敏感性的定义与要素集合的敏感性表征指标;然后,基于任意发生元的Voronoi构建方法,实现了对点要素集、线要素集、部分覆盖面要素集及综合要素集的信息单元自动化剖分;最后,基于长度系数、面积系数和角度系数,提出了线、面要素图形复杂度的计算方法,并在此基础上形成了涉密矢量数字地图中敏感几何信息量的测度方法。实验表明,该方法的计算结果遵循了信息量的非负性、连续性、可加性等特点,较为合理地反映了相关因素(地图比例尺、要素空间分布、要素图形复杂度、要素敏感系数等)对计算结果的影响。相关成果将支持矢量数字地图的定量化密级评定,并有助于完善地理信息安全监管的理论和方法体系。
Quantitative measurement for sensitive geometrical information of secret-related vector digital maps is the basis and precondition of achieving the quantitative evaluation of classification level. At present, there are rare related researches on how to measure the sensitive geometrical information of a map. Based on the findings of map information measurement, we focus on the measurement method of the sensitive geometrical information for secret-related vector digital maps. The methodology is composed of three phases. Firstly, we discuss the definition of map feature sensitivity and the sensitivity index of feature sets. Then, we aim to the automatic division of information-unit for point feature set, line feature set, polygon feature set and comprehensive feature set. The method of constructing voronoi diagram with general generators is used. Finally, based on length coefficient, area coefficient and angle coefficient, we propose the methods for figure complexity of line feature and polygon feature. The results demonstrate that it follows the principles of information theory, such as nonnegative, continuous and additive, and reasonably reflects some factors(map scale, features spatial distribution, features figure complexity and features sensitivity coefficient) impact on the results. The results will support the quantitative evaluation for classification level of vector digital maps, and help to improve the theory and method systems of geographical information security supervision.
Quantitative measurement for sensitive geometrical information of secret-related vector digital maps is the basis and precondition of achieving the quantitative evaluation of classification level. At present, there are rare related researches on how to measure the sensitive geometrical information of a map. Based on the findings of map information measurement, we focus on the measurement method of the sensitive geometrical information for secret-related vector digital maps. The methodology is composed of three phases. Firstly, we discuss the definition of map feature sensitivity and the sensitivity index of feature sets. Then, we aim to the automatic division of information-unit for point feature set, line feature set, polygon feature set and comprehensive feature set. The method of constructing voronoi diagram with general generators is used. Finally, based on length coefficient, area coefficient and angle coefficient, we propose the methods for figure complexity of line feature and polygon feature. The results demonstrate that it follows the principles of information theory, such as nonnegative, continuous and additive, and reasonably reflects some factors(map scale, features spatial distribution, features figure complexity and features sensitivity coefficient) impact on the results. The results will support the quantitative evaluation for classification level of vector digital maps, and help to improve the theory and method systems of geographical information security supervision.
引文
[1]龚健雅,陈静,向隆刚,等.开放式虚拟地球集成共享平台Geo Globe[J].测绘学报,2010,39(6):551-553.[Gong J Y,Chen J,Xiang L G,et al.Geo Globe:Geo-spatial information sharing platform as open virtual earth[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica.2010,39(6):551-553.]
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[6]李安波,闾国年,周卫.矢量数字地图版权认证技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.[Li A B,Lv G N,Zhou W.Copyright authentication technology of vector digital map[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.]
[7]张继贤,唐新明,翟亮.关于信息化测绘技术体系建设的思考[J].测绘通报,2008,11(5):20-22.[Zhang J X,Tang X M,Zhai L.Thinking about the establishment of Chinese geomatics informatization technology system[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2008,11(5):20-22.]
[8]雷京华.公开地图的信息开放与安全问题探讨[J].测绘通报.2010(10):47-49.[Lei J H.On the information display and security for open map[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2010(10):47-49.]
[9]戴海波.地形图脱密系统的实现[D].长沙:中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,2014.[Dai H B.Realization of topographical map security process[D].Changsha:School of Geosciences and Info-Physics,Central South University,2014.]
[10]林海.基于GIS的测绘地理数据脱密方法及应用[J].中国水运,2014,14(7):336-337.[Lin H.Method of remove secret from surveying geographic data based on GIS[J].China Water Transport,2014,14(7):336-337.]
[11]Li Z L,Huang P Z.Quantitative measure for spatial information of maps[J].International Journal of Geographical information science,2002(7):699-709.
[12]刘慧敏,邓敏,樊子德,等.点状地图空间信息量的度量方法研究[J].测绘学报,2013,42(1):138-144.[Liu H M,Deng M,Fan Z D,et al.An approach of measuring the spatial information content of a point-shaped Map.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2013,42(1):138-144.]
[13]Boxall J.The nature of geospatial information and security[J].Government Information Quarterly,2005,22:644-662.
[14]Martin C E,Dunn J H.Multi-level security,geographically targeted information dissemination using Internet Protocol version 6(IPV6)[C].Proceedings of Military Communications Conference,2006:1-6.
[15]Bjorke J T.Framework for entropy-based map evaluation[J].Cartography and Geographic information systems,1996,23(2):78-95.
[16]Sukhow V.Information capacity of a map entropy[J].Geodesy and Aero Photography,1967,10:211-215.
[17]王郑耀,程正兴,汤少杰.基于视觉特征的尺度空间信息量度量[J].中国图象图形学报,2005,10(7):922-928.[Wang Z Y,Cheng Z X,Tang S J.Information measures of scale-space based on visual characteristcis[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2005,10(7):922-928.]
[18]聂时贵,刘玫,王会娜.基于Arc GIS的江苏省地理信息公共服务平台数据脱密方法[J].现代测绘,2012,35(6):42-44.[Nie S G,Liu M,Wang H N.A decryption processing method on spatial data in Jiangsu provincial public service platform based on Arc GIS[J].Modern Surveying and Mapping.2012,35(6):42-44.]
[19]段先云,邓学雄,左启阳.级进模刃孔图形复杂度的研究[J].工程图学学报,2006(5):94-97.[Duan X Y,Deng X X,Zuo Q Y.The research on the complexity of progressive die edge[J].Journal of Engineering Graphics,2006(5):94-97.]
[20]李安波,姚蒙蒙,陈楹.一种针对相交线状地理要素的空间剖分方法[P].中国.ZL201510303987.9.[Li A B,Yao M M,Chen Y.A spatial subdivision method towards intersection geographic line features[P].China:ZL201510303987.9.]
[21]Okabe A,Boots B,Sugihara K,et al.Spatial Tessellations:Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams(Second Edition)[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2000.
[22]王新生,刘纪远,庄大方,等.基于GIS的任意发生元Voronoi图逼近方法[J].地理科学进展,2001,23(4):97-102.[Wang X S,Liu J Y,Zhuang D F,et al.GIS-based approximation algorithm for constructing Voronoi diagrams with general generators[J].Progress in Geography,2001,23(4):97-102.]
[23]陈楹,李安波,姚蒙蒙,等.一种顾及图形复杂度的GIS线要素几何信息量计算方法[P].中国,CN104809162A.[Chen Y,Li A B,Yao M M,et al.A measurement method of geometric information for GIS line features based on graphic's complexity[P].China,CN104809162A.]
[24]姚蒙蒙,李安波,陈楹,等.基于图形复杂度的GIS面要素几何信息量的计算方法[P].中国,CN104715036A.[Yao M M,Li A B,Chen Y,et al.Calculation methods of geometric information for GIS polygon features based on graphic’s complexity[P].China,CN104715036A.]
(1)国家保密局.涉及国家秘密的计算机信息系统分级保护技术要求(BMB17-2006)。
(2)中华人民共和国国家标准,基础地理信息要素分类与代码(GB/T 13923-2006)。
[2]王家耀.地图制图学与地理信息工程学科发展趋势[J].测绘学报,2010,39(2):115-119.[Wang J Y.Development trends of cartography and geographic information engineering[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(2):115-119.]
[3]焦东来,张海涛,闾国年,等.地图符号服务与地图服务的耦合[J].中国图象图形学报,2013,18(9):1190-1196.[Jiao D L,Zhang H T,Lv G N,et al.Coupling of map symbol web service and web map service[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2013,18(9):1190-1196.]
[4]Boxall J.The nature of geospatial information and security[J].Government Information Quarterly,2005,(22):644-662.
[5]Martin C E,Dunn J H.Multi-level security,geographically targeted information dissemination using internet protocol Version 6(IPV6)[C].Proceedings of Military Communications Conference,2006:1-6.
[6]李安波,闾国年,周卫.矢量数字地图版权认证技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.[Li A B,Lv G N,Zhou W.Copyright authentication technology of vector digital map[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.]
[7]张继贤,唐新明,翟亮.关于信息化测绘技术体系建设的思考[J].测绘通报,2008,11(5):20-22.[Zhang J X,Tang X M,Zhai L.Thinking about the establishment of Chinese geomatics informatization technology system[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2008,11(5):20-22.]
[8]雷京华.公开地图的信息开放与安全问题探讨[J].测绘通报.2010(10):47-49.[Lei J H.On the information display and security for open map[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2010(10):47-49.]
[9]戴海波.地形图脱密系统的实现[D].长沙:中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,2014.[Dai H B.Realization of topographical map security process[D].Changsha:School of Geosciences and Info-Physics,Central South University,2014.]
[10]林海.基于GIS的测绘地理数据脱密方法及应用[J].中国水运,2014,14(7):336-337.[Lin H.Method of remove secret from surveying geographic data based on GIS[J].China Water Transport,2014,14(7):336-337.]
[11]Li Z L,Huang P Z.Quantitative measure for spatial information of maps[J].International Journal of Geographical information science,2002(7):699-709.
[12]刘慧敏,邓敏,樊子德,等.点状地图空间信息量的度量方法研究[J].测绘学报,2013,42(1):138-144.[Liu H M,Deng M,Fan Z D,et al.An approach of measuring the spatial information content of a point-shaped Map.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2013,42(1):138-144.]
[13]Boxall J.The nature of geospatial information and security[J].Government Information Quarterly,2005,22:644-662.
[14]Martin C E,Dunn J H.Multi-level security,geographically targeted information dissemination using Internet Protocol version 6(IPV6)[C].Proceedings of Military Communications Conference,2006:1-6.
[15]Bjorke J T.Framework for entropy-based map evaluation[J].Cartography and Geographic information systems,1996,23(2):78-95.
[16]Sukhow V.Information capacity of a map entropy[J].Geodesy and Aero Photography,1967,10:211-215.
[17]王郑耀,程正兴,汤少杰.基于视觉特征的尺度空间信息量度量[J].中国图象图形学报,2005,10(7):922-928.[Wang Z Y,Cheng Z X,Tang S J.Information measures of scale-space based on visual characteristcis[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2005,10(7):922-928.]
[18]聂时贵,刘玫,王会娜.基于Arc GIS的江苏省地理信息公共服务平台数据脱密方法[J].现代测绘,2012,35(6):42-44.[Nie S G,Liu M,Wang H N.A decryption processing method on spatial data in Jiangsu provincial public service platform based on Arc GIS[J].Modern Surveying and Mapping.2012,35(6):42-44.]
[19]段先云,邓学雄,左启阳.级进模刃孔图形复杂度的研究[J].工程图学学报,2006(5):94-97.[Duan X Y,Deng X X,Zuo Q Y.The research on the complexity of progressive die edge[J].Journal of Engineering Graphics,2006(5):94-97.]
[20]李安波,姚蒙蒙,陈楹.一种针对相交线状地理要素的空间剖分方法[P].中国.ZL201510303987.9.[Li A B,Yao M M,Chen Y.A spatial subdivision method towards intersection geographic line features[P].China:ZL201510303987.9.]
[21]Okabe A,Boots B,Sugihara K,et al.Spatial Tessellations:Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams(Second Edition)[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,2000.
[22]王新生,刘纪远,庄大方,等.基于GIS的任意发生元Voronoi图逼近方法[J].地理科学进展,2001,23(4):97-102.[Wang X S,Liu J Y,Zhuang D F,et al.GIS-based approximation algorithm for constructing Voronoi diagrams with general generators[J].Progress in Geography,2001,23(4):97-102.]
[23]陈楹,李安波,姚蒙蒙,等.一种顾及图形复杂度的GIS线要素几何信息量计算方法[P].中国,CN104809162A.[Chen Y,Li A B,Yao M M,et al.A measurement method of geometric information for GIS line features based on graphic's complexity[P].China,CN104809162A.]
[24]姚蒙蒙,李安波,陈楹,等.基于图形复杂度的GIS面要素几何信息量的计算方法[P].中国,CN104715036A.[Yao M M,Li A B,Chen Y,et al.Calculation methods of geometric information for GIS polygon features based on graphic’s complexity[P].China,CN104715036A.]
(1)国家保密局.涉及国家秘密的计算机信息系统分级保护技术要求(BMB17-2006)。
(2)中华人民共和国国家标准,基础地理信息要素分类与代码(GB/T 13923-2006)。