水力压裂注入流体流动新模型
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摘要
水力压裂分析中,井底压力是非常重要的参数,目前的注入流体流动模型考虑的是利用理想情况下的经验公式来计算井底压力,准确度不高,而考虑温度影响、流体压缩性和支撑剂影响的模型并不多见。鉴于此,通过对注入流体流动规律进行研究,建立新的井筒流动数值模型,实现由地面施工数据模拟计算井底压力,并利用井底压力计实测压力数据进行模型修正。现场应用结果表明,新的井筒流动数值模型模拟计算结果精度较高,能够为现场压裂测试分析快速提供准确数据。在大量现场试验基础上,开发出具有自主知识产权的DACQ2.0实时数据采集软硬件系统,通过在软件系统中嵌入具备对实时采集数据及压裂液、支撑剂数据库的调用和计算功能的开放式"虚拟数据通讯端口"模块,根据建立的流体流动数值模型,在实现实时数据采集的同时,同步实时动态显示井底压力和缝内净压力,这对预防砂堵和工艺目标实现都具有重要指导意义。
Bottomhole pressure is a significant parameter in hydraulic fracturing analysis. Current flow model of injected fluid is not sufficiently accurate since the bottomhole pressure was calculated based on idea em-pirical correlations.Furthermore,the impacts of temperature,fluid compressibility and proppant were not deeply taken into account.So,a new numerical model of wellbore flow was built based on the research of flow rule of the injected fluid.The bottomhole pressure may be calculated through field data simulation and measured pressure by downhole pressure gauge may be applied for correlation of the model.Field application result shows that the new numerical model of wellbore flow has high accuracy of the calculated results,which can provide accurate data for field fracturing analysis quickly.Based on numerous field tests,a real-time data col lection system DACQ 2.0 with independent intellectual property rights has been developed.An open module "vir-tual data communication port" was inserted in the software system with the function of real-time data record-ing,fracturing fluid and proppant database calling and automatic pressure converting computation.Based on the built numerical model of fluid flow,bottomhole pressure and net pressure inside the fracture can be synchronously displayed with surface pressure data recording.It is very meaningful to screen out prevention as well as stimulation effectiveness achievement.
Bottomhole pressure is a significant parameter in hydraulic fracturing analysis. Current flow model of injected fluid is not sufficiently accurate since the bottomhole pressure was calculated based on idea em-pirical correlations.Furthermore,the impacts of temperature,fluid compressibility and proppant were not deeply taken into account.So,a new numerical model of wellbore flow was built based on the research of flow rule of the injected fluid.The bottomhole pressure may be calculated through field data simulation and measured pressure by downhole pressure gauge may be applied for correlation of the model.Field application result shows that the new numerical model of wellbore flow has high accuracy of the calculated results,which can provide accurate data for field fracturing analysis quickly.Based on numerous field tests,a real-time data col lection system DACQ 2.0 with independent intellectual property rights has been developed.An open module "vir-tual data communication port" was inserted in the software system with the function of real-time data record-ing,fracturing fluid and proppant database calling and automatic pressure converting computation.Based on the built numerical model of fluid flow,bottomhole pressure and net pressure inside the fracture can be synchronously displayed with surface pressure data recording.It is very meaningful to screen out prevention as well as stimulation effectiveness achievement.
引文
[1]米卡尔J埃克诺米德斯.油藏增产措施[M].张保平,蒋阗,刘立云,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
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[3]戈威尔G W,阿济兹K.复杂混合物在管道中的流动[M].权忠興,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1983.
[4]何灿,康杰,曹学军.压裂实时监测及诊断技术处理系统的研制及应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3):42-44.
[5]李山,邬春学,于林峰.油层水力压裂实时过程仿真研究[J].仪器仪表用户,2004,15(1):9-10.
[6]刘先灵.水力压裂实时监测及解释技术研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油学院,2003.
[7]MEYER B R,COOPER G D,NELSON S G.Real-Time 3-D Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation:Theory and Field Case Studies[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,23-26 September,1990,New Orleans,Louisiana.
[8]GULRAJANI S N,MACK M G,ELBEL J L.Pressure History Inversion for Interpretation of Fracture Treatments[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,6-9 October,1996,Denver,Colorado.
[9]GULRAJANI S N,NOLTE K G,ROMERO J.Evaluation of the M-Site B-Sand Fracture Experiments:The Evolution of a Pressure Analysis Methodology[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,5-8 October,1997,San Antonio,Texas.
[10]GULRAJANI S N,ROMERO J.Evaluation and Modification of Fracture Treatments Showing Near-Wellbore Effects[C]//European Petroleum Conference,22-24 October,1996,Milan,Italy.
[11]PIGGOTT A R,BRADY B H,Gu H.Reservoir Formation Characterization from Hydraulic Fracturing Records[C]//Proc Eu- rock′92 Symposium,London,UK.
[12]ELY J W,HASKETT S E,HOLDITEH S A.Field Experience with the GRI Rheology Unit[C]//SPE Gas Technology Symposium,13-15 June,1988,Dallas,Texas.
[13]DAVIDSON B M,SAUNDERS B F,HOLDITH S A.Field Mea- surement of Fracturing Fluids:Case Study[C]//Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference,16-18 March,1994,Midland,Texas.
[2]赵金洲,任书泉.混砂液在裂缝中的运移分布[J].天然气工业,1989,9(4):32-37.
[3]戈威尔G W,阿济兹K.复杂混合物在管道中的流动[M].权忠興,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1983.
[4]何灿,康杰,曹学军.压裂实时监测及诊断技术处理系统的研制及应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3):42-44.
[5]李山,邬春学,于林峰.油层水力压裂实时过程仿真研究[J].仪器仪表用户,2004,15(1):9-10.
[6]刘先灵.水力压裂实时监测及解释技术研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油学院,2003.
[7]MEYER B R,COOPER G D,NELSON S G.Real-Time 3-D Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation:Theory and Field Case Studies[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,23-26 September,1990,New Orleans,Louisiana.
[8]GULRAJANI S N,MACK M G,ELBEL J L.Pressure History Inversion for Interpretation of Fracture Treatments[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,6-9 October,1996,Denver,Colorado.
[9]GULRAJANI S N,NOLTE K G,ROMERO J.Evaluation of the M-Site B-Sand Fracture Experiments:The Evolution of a Pressure Analysis Methodology[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,5-8 October,1997,San Antonio,Texas.
[10]GULRAJANI S N,ROMERO J.Evaluation and Modification of Fracture Treatments Showing Near-Wellbore Effects[C]//European Petroleum Conference,22-24 October,1996,Milan,Italy.
[11]PIGGOTT A R,BRADY B H,Gu H.Reservoir Formation Characterization from Hydraulic Fracturing Records[C]//Proc Eu- rock′92 Symposium,London,UK.
[12]ELY J W,HASKETT S E,HOLDITEH S A.Field Experience with the GRI Rheology Unit[C]//SPE Gas Technology Symposium,13-15 June,1988,Dallas,Texas.
[13]DAVIDSON B M,SAUNDERS B F,HOLDITH S A.Field Mea- surement of Fracturing Fluids:Case Study[C]//Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference,16-18 March,1994,Midland,Texas.