深部巷道钻孔卸压围岩弱化变形特征与蠕变控制
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摘要
采用数值模拟、理论分析及工业性试验等方法,分析了深部钻孔卸压巷道围岩蠕变规律,指出巷道卸压后蠕变随卸压程度的增加而加大,揭示了卸压巷道围岩弱化变形特征:卸压钻孔闭合后,失去了转移围岩应力及补偿变形的能力,巷道尤其是卸压部位围岩破碎程度的增加缩短了稳速蠕变时间,围岩加速蠕变将诱发巷道整体变形加剧,不利于巷道稳定。指出合理的二次支护是控制卸压巷道蠕变的有效手段,分析了二次支护时机、锚注强度及范围对卸压巷道的蠕变控制效果,提出了深部钻孔卸压巷道围岩蠕变控制对策,确定了二次支护时机、支护强度等关键参数,设计了巷道加固方案。现场试验结果表明,巷道蠕变控制效果显著。
The creeping law of surrounding rocks of the pressure-relief roadway is studied through numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field tests which proposes that the creeping increases with the pressure-relief in the roadway. The weakening deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in pressure-relief roadway are revealed. After the boreholes for pressure-relief is close, the capability of the stress transfer and the deformation compensation are lost. The increase of the crushing of surrounding rocks in the roadway, especially in the pressure-relief areas, reduces the time for stable creeping.Thus, the accelerating creeping of surrounding rocks will induce a significant deformation of the whole roadway, which is harmful to the roadway stability. Hence, a reasonable second-support is necessary for ensuring the stability of surrounding rocks. The effects of several parameters, including the time for the second-support, the strength and range of the anchorage, on the creeping control of the pressure-relief roadway have been analyzed. Based on this, a strategy for controlling the creeping of deep pressure-relief roadway is proposed, and the key parameters such as the time and strength for second-support have been determined. Finally, the reinforcement scheme for the roadway is designed. The field tests show that the technique has a remarkable effect on controlling the creeping of roadway.
The creeping law of surrounding rocks of the pressure-relief roadway is studied through numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field tests which proposes that the creeping increases with the pressure-relief in the roadway. The weakening deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in pressure-relief roadway are revealed. After the boreholes for pressure-relief is close, the capability of the stress transfer and the deformation compensation are lost. The increase of the crushing of surrounding rocks in the roadway, especially in the pressure-relief areas, reduces the time for stable creeping.Thus, the accelerating creeping of surrounding rocks will induce a significant deformation of the whole roadway, which is harmful to the roadway stability. Hence, a reasonable second-support is necessary for ensuring the stability of surrounding rocks. The effects of several parameters, including the time for the second-support, the strength and range of the anchorage, on the creeping control of the pressure-relief roadway have been analyzed. Based on this, a strategy for controlling the creeping of deep pressure-relief roadway is proposed, and the key parameters such as the time and strength for second-support have been determined. Finally, the reinforcement scheme for the roadway is designed. The field tests show that the technique has a remarkable effect on controlling the creeping of roadway.
引文
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[13]王猛,王襄禹,肖同强.深部巷道钻孔卸压机理及关键参数确定方法与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(5):1138-1145.WANG Meng,WANG Xiangyu,XIAO Tongqiang.Borehole destressing mechanism and determination method of its key parameters in deep roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1138-1145.
[14]王襄禹,柏建彪,王猛,等.深部巷道有控卸压与围岩稳定控制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2015:87-101.
[15]王猛,司英涛,胡景宝,等.深部巷道围岩卸压协调控制技术[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(5):9-16.WANG Meng,SI Yingtao,HU Jingbao,et al.The coordination control technology of pressure relief and its application in deep roadway[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2017,36(5):9-16.
[16]侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制的关键技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):970-978.HOU Chaojiong.Key technologies for surrounding rock control in deep roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):970-978.
[17]朱庆华.深部骑跨采巷道围岩变形力学分析及稳定性控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010.
[18]连传杰,徐卫亚,王亚杰,等.新型高强预应力让压锚杆巷道支护性能的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2329-2335.LIAN Chuanjie,XU Weiya,WANG Yajie,et al.Numerical simulation of entry performance supported by a new high strength and high pretension yieldable bolts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2329-2335.
[19]张小康,王连国,吴宇,等.高强让压锚杆支护效果数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):46-49.ZHANG Xiaokang,WANG Lianguo,WU Yu,et al.Numerical simulation of support with high-strength yielding bolt[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):46-49.
[20]伍永平,杨永刚,来兴平,等.巷道锚杆支护参数的数值模拟分析与确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):398-401.WU Yongping,YANG Yonggang,LAI Xingping,et al.Numerical simulation and determination of bolt parameters of roadways[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):398-401.
[2]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深部开采的定量界定与分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):1-10.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang,et al.Quantitative definition and investigation of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):1-10.
[3]何满潮.深部软岩工程的研究进展与挑战[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1409-1417.HE Manchao.Progress and challenges of soft rock engineering in depth[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1409-1417.
[4]康红普,范明建,高富强,等.超千米深井巷道围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2227-2241.KANG Hongpu,FAN Mingjian,GAO Fuqiang,et al.Deformation and support of rock roadway at depth more than 1000 meters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2227-2241.
[5]WANG Meng,GUO Guanlong,WANG Xiangyu,et al.Floor heave characteristics and control technology of the roadway driven in deep inclined-strata[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2015,25(2):267-273.
[6]侯朝炯.巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013:501-562.
[7]郭保华,陆庭侃.深井巷道底鼓机理及切槽控制技术分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):91-94.GUO Baohua,LU Tingkan.Analysis of floor heave mechanism and cutting control technique in deep mines[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):91-94.
[8]刘红岗,贺永年,徐金海,等.深井煤巷钻孔卸压技术的数值模拟与工业试验[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):33-37.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,XU Jinhai,et al.Numerical simulation and industrial test of boreholes distressing technology in deep coal tunnel[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):33-37.
[9]李学华,黄志增,杨宏敏,等.高应力硐室底鼓控制的应力转移技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):296-300.LI Xuehua,HUANG Zhizeng,YANG Hongmin,et al.Stress transfer technique of controlling chamber’s floor heave under high mining stress[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(3):296-300.
[10]鲁岩,邹喜正,刘长友,等.巷旁开掘卸压巷技术研究与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(3):329-332.LU Yan,ZOU Xizheng,LIU Changyou,et al.Technology of digging stress-relax entry by the roadside and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(3):329-332.
[11]王洛锋,姜福兴,于正兴.深部强冲击厚煤层开采上、下解放层卸压效果相似模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):442-446.WANG Luofeng,JIANG Fuxing,YU Zhengxing.Similar material simulation experiment on destressing effects of the deep thick coal seam with high burst liability after mining upper and lower protective seams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(3):442-446.
[12]周钢,李玉寿,吴振业.大屯矿区地应力测量与特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(3):314-318.ZHOU Gang,LI Yushou,WU Zhenye.Measurement of crustal stress and analysis of characteristics in Datun mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(3):314-318.
[13]王猛,王襄禹,肖同强.深部巷道钻孔卸压机理及关键参数确定方法与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(5):1138-1145.WANG Meng,WANG Xiangyu,XIAO Tongqiang.Borehole destressing mechanism and determination method of its key parameters in deep roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1138-1145.
[14]王襄禹,柏建彪,王猛,等.深部巷道有控卸压与围岩稳定控制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2015:87-101.
[15]王猛,司英涛,胡景宝,等.深部巷道围岩卸压协调控制技术[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(5):9-16.WANG Meng,SI Yingtao,HU Jingbao,et al.The coordination control technology of pressure relief and its application in deep roadway[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science),2017,36(5):9-16.
[16]侯朝炯.深部巷道围岩控制的关键技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):970-978.HOU Chaojiong.Key technologies for surrounding rock control in deep roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):970-978.
[17]朱庆华.深部骑跨采巷道围岩变形力学分析及稳定性控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010.
[18]连传杰,徐卫亚,王亚杰,等.新型高强预应力让压锚杆巷道支护性能的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2329-2335.LIAN Chuanjie,XU Weiya,WANG Yajie,et al.Numerical simulation of entry performance supported by a new high strength and high pretension yieldable bolts[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(7):2329-2335.
[19]张小康,王连国,吴宇,等.高强让压锚杆支护效果数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):46-49.ZHANG Xiaokang,WANG Lianguo,WU Yu,et al.Numerical simulation of support with high-strength yielding bolt[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):46-49.
[20]伍永平,杨永刚,来兴平,等.巷道锚杆支护参数的数值模拟分析与确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(4):398-401.WU Yongping,YANG Yonggang,LAI Xingping,et al.Numerical simulation and determination of bolt parameters of roadways[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(4):398-401.
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