弱胶结巷道新型聚合物喷层材料及其喷射支护技术研究
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摘要
普通喷射混凝土支护技术存在喷射物料回弹率高、施工粉尘质量浓度大、喷层强度不均一等缺点,难以满足弱胶结软岩矿井高效生产要求。本文通过理论力学分析影响软岩巷道喷层支护性能的关键因素——黏结性、强度和延展性,并以普通喷射混凝土材料为基础,通过室内材料配比试验优化聚合物胶粉、抗裂短纤维、有机乳液等组分的掺量,确定新型聚合物喷层材料配比和力学性能;结合煤矿巷道等狭小地下空间喷射施工要求,对喷射系统(螺杆泵的动力源、喷射枪结构和搅拌进料系统)进行改造,构建满足煤矿巷道安全高效生产要求的新型聚合物喷层支护施工工艺。通过红庆梁煤矿井下100 m巷道支护对比试验发现:试验巷道施工半年后,在传统混凝土喷层支护下,含水段巷道表面完整性差,部分区域出现裂纹和渗水现象;而在新型聚合物喷层支护下,巷道表面完整较好,无裂纹和渗水现象,锚杆锚索受力也更小,说明新型聚合物喷层更有利于保障巷道围岩和支护结构的稳定性,更适合应用于西部弱胶结软岩巷道支护。
The ordinary concrete-spraying supporting technology is to a certain extent difficult to meet the requirements of high-efficiency green production in the coalmine with weakly cemented soft rock. It is because the ordinary technology always has following shortcomings: high rebound rate of sprayed material, large concentration of dust in construction site and uneven spray strength. In this study, the main influencing factors of shotcrete support in soft rock roadway were determined by theoretical analysis, including bonding, strength and toughness. Meanwhile, based on the traditional tidal spray concrete material, the mixing ratio of new polymer spray material and the mechanical properties were determined by optimizing the proportion of polymer powder, short crack-resistant staple fiber, organic emulsion and other components in the indoor material proportioning test. Taking into account the construction requirements in coalmine roadway and other small underground space jetting, the power source of screw pump, the structure of spray gun and the stirring feed system layout were improved. A new polymer spray supporting construction technology was established to meet the requirements of high-efficiency green production in coalmine roadway. Field tests on 100 m roadway supporting were conducted in Hongqingliang coalmine. After six months, the roadway surface is not smooth when the traditional supporting method was adopted, and the phenomena of cracking and water leakage occur. In contrast, the new polymer shotcrete in watering section of roadway was completely crack-free, the forces of anchor bolt and cable were small. Therefore, the new supporting technique is capable of maintaining the long-term stability of weakly cemented rock roadway in western China.
The ordinary concrete-spraying supporting technology is to a certain extent difficult to meet the requirements of high-efficiency green production in the coalmine with weakly cemented soft rock. It is because the ordinary technology always has following shortcomings: high rebound rate of sprayed material, large concentration of dust in construction site and uneven spray strength. In this study, the main influencing factors of shotcrete support in soft rock roadway were determined by theoretical analysis, including bonding, strength and toughness. Meanwhile, based on the traditional tidal spray concrete material, the mixing ratio of new polymer spray material and the mechanical properties were determined by optimizing the proportion of polymer powder, short crack-resistant staple fiber, organic emulsion and other components in the indoor material proportioning test. Taking into account the construction requirements in coalmine roadway and other small underground space jetting, the power source of screw pump, the structure of spray gun and the stirring feed system layout were improved. A new polymer spray supporting construction technology was established to meet the requirements of high-efficiency green production in coalmine roadway. Field tests on 100 m roadway supporting were conducted in Hongqingliang coalmine. After six months, the roadway surface is not smooth when the traditional supporting method was adopted, and the phenomena of cracking and water leakage occur. In contrast, the new polymer shotcrete in watering section of roadway was completely crack-free, the forces of anchor bolt and cable were small. Therefore, the new supporting technique is capable of maintaining the long-term stability of weakly cemented rock roadway in western China.
引文
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[9]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.泥质弱胶结软岩巷道变形破坏特征与机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):1014-1022.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Deformation failure characteristics and mechanism analysis of muddy weakly cemented soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(6):1014-1022.
[10]庞建勇,徐道富.聚丙烯纤维混凝土喷层支护技术及其在顾桥矿区的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1073-1077.PANG Jianyong,XU Daofu.Support technology of polypropylene fiber concrete shotcrete layer and its application to Guqiao coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1073-1077.
[11]王家滨,牛荻涛,张永利.喷射混凝土力学性能、渗透性及耐久性试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(5):96-109.WANG Jiabin,NIU Ditao,ZHANG Yongli.Investigation of mechanical,permeability and durability performance of shotcrete with and without steel fiber[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(5):96-109.
[12]曾宪桃,任振华,王兴国.磁化水降低喷射混凝土粉尘浓度与减少回弹的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):705-712.ZENG Xiantao,REN Zhenhua,WANG Xingguo.Experimental investigations on reducing the dust density and the rebound rate of shotcrete by using magnetized water[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):705-712.
[2]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-10.
[3]王金华.我国煤巷机械化掘进机现状及锚杆支护技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2004,32(1):6-10.WANG Jinhua.China mechanized roadheader status and bolt support technology in mine seam roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2004,32(1):6-10.
[4]文竞舟,杨春雷,粟海涛,等.软弱破碎围岩隧道锚喷钢架联合支护的复合拱理论及应用研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(5):115-122.WEN Jingzhou,YANG Chunlei,LI Haitao,et al.Composite arch theory and application research on combined support of bolt-spoke steel frame in weak and broken surrounding rock tunnel[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(5):115-122.
[5]祝顺义.纤维混凝土在软岩巷道支护中的应用研究[J].工程设计与建设,2004,36(1):18-21.ZHU Shunyi.Study on application of fiber concrete in soft rock stratum support[J].Engineering Design and Construction,2004,36(1):18-21.
[6]王渭明,赵增辉,王磊.考虑刚度和强度劣化时弱胶结软岩巷道围岩的弹塑性损伤分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(5):679-685.WANG Weiming,ZHAO Zenghui,WANG Lei.Elasticplastic damage analysis for weakly consolidated surrounding rock regarding stiffness and strength cracking[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(5):679-685.
[7]赵建光.鲁新煤矿弱胶结煤岩体风化微结构及压汞试验研究[J].煤矿开采,2017,22(3):6-8,81.ZHAO Jianguang.Mercury injection test and weathering microstructure of weakly consolidated coal and rock mass of Luxin coal mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2017,22(3):6-8,81.
[8]贺广良,王渭明,张为社,等.弱胶结软岩巷道断面形式及支护优化研究[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(1):38-41.HE Guangliang,WANG Weiming,ZHANG Weishe,et al.Study on cross-section form and support optimization in weakly consolidated soft rock roadway[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(1):38-41.
[9]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.泥质弱胶结软岩巷道变形破坏特征与机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):1014-1022.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.Deformation failure characteristics and mechanism analysis of muddy weakly cemented soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(6):1014-1022.
[10]庞建勇,徐道富.聚丙烯纤维混凝土喷层支护技术及其在顾桥矿区的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1073-1077.PANG Jianyong,XU Daofu.Support technology of polypropylene fiber concrete shotcrete layer and its application to Guqiao coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1073-1077.
[11]王家滨,牛荻涛,张永利.喷射混凝土力学性能、渗透性及耐久性试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2016,49(5):96-109.WANG Jiabin,NIU Ditao,ZHANG Yongli.Investigation of mechanical,permeability and durability performance of shotcrete with and without steel fiber[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2016,49(5):96-109.
[12]曾宪桃,任振华,王兴国.磁化水降低喷射混凝土粉尘浓度与减少回弹的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):705-712.ZENG Xiantao,REN Zhenhua,WANG Xingguo.Experimental investigations on reducing the dust density and the rebound rate of shotcrete by using magnetized water[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):705-712.
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