田埂碱蓬带对棉田多异瓢虫种群发生的调控作用
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摘要
【目的】分析田埂碱蓬带对棉田多异瓢虫种群发生的影响,为合理利用非棉田生境实施棉蚜的生态治理提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间种群系统调查和天敌控害功能罩笼评价。【结果】田埂碱蓬带是棉田多异瓢虫的重要来源;有碱蓬带的棉田中多异瓢虫种群密度、多异瓢虫与棉蚜的益害比均高于没有碱蓬带的对照棉田,其中多异瓢虫平均密度是对照棉田的1.9倍、益害比是对照棉田的8.8倍;利用罩笼进行天敌隔离处理,第7和14 d处理组(封闭罩笼)棉花上棉蚜种群增长率均显著高于开放罩笼的对照组;有碱蓬带的棉田中捕食性天敌对棉蚜的控害指数显著高于对照棉田。【结论】棉田田埂碱蓬带能有效增加棉田中多异瓢虫种群密度并提高益害比,对控制棉田棉蚜发生发挥着重要作用。碱蓬在天敌保育与控害中有重要作用,棉田周边予以留种。
【Objective】 The study aims to examine the effects of Suaeda strips on the population occurrence of Hippomidia variegata in adjacent cotton field in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the use of non-crop habitats adjacent cotton fields in enhancing efficient management of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. 【Method】Systematic investigation and exclusive cage experiments were conducted in the fields.【Results】Suaeda strips were the important source of H. variegata in adjacent cotton fields. Both the population density of this predator and the ratio of enemy to aphid in cotton field adjacent suaeda strips were 1.9 times and 8.8 times higher than those in the cotton field without Suaeda strips, respectively. Exclusive cage experiment indicated that the relative growth rates of A. gossypii in caged treatment(i.e., without predators) were significantly higher than those in the open treatment(i.e., with predators) on the 7 th and 14 th days after trial. In addition, the biocontrol services index of predators to cotton aphid in cotton field with Suaeda strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without Suaeda strips.【Conclusion】The study has shown that Suaeda strips in adjacent cotton fields could improve the abundance of H. variegata in cotton fields and increase the ratio of this key predator to aphid, thus playing an important role in suppressing A. gossypii. Therefore, when formulating the control strategy of cotton aphid, the important role of Suaeda salsa in the conservation and control of natural enemies should be fully considered, and it is suggested that the seed should be preserved around the cotton field.
【Objective】 The study aims to examine the effects of Suaeda strips on the population occurrence of Hippomidia variegata in adjacent cotton field in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the use of non-crop habitats adjacent cotton fields in enhancing efficient management of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. 【Method】Systematic investigation and exclusive cage experiments were conducted in the fields.【Results】Suaeda strips were the important source of H. variegata in adjacent cotton fields. Both the population density of this predator and the ratio of enemy to aphid in cotton field adjacent suaeda strips were 1.9 times and 8.8 times higher than those in the cotton field without Suaeda strips, respectively. Exclusive cage experiment indicated that the relative growth rates of A. gossypii in caged treatment(i.e., without predators) were significantly higher than those in the open treatment(i.e., with predators) on the 7 th and 14 th days after trial. In addition, the biocontrol services index of predators to cotton aphid in cotton field with Suaeda strips was significantly higher than that in cotton field without Suaeda strips.【Conclusion】The study has shown that Suaeda strips in adjacent cotton fields could improve the abundance of H. variegata in cotton fields and increase the ratio of this key predator to aphid, thus playing an important role in suppressing A. gossypii. Therefore, when formulating the control strategy of cotton aphid, the important role of Suaeda salsa in the conservation and control of natural enemies should be fully considered, and it is suggested that the seed should be preserved around the cotton field.
引文
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[13] Zhang,RZ,Liang,HB,Tian,& CY,et al.(2000).Biological mechanism of controlling cotton aphid(homoptera :aphididae) by the marginal alfalfa zone surrounding cotton field.Chinese Science Bulletin,45(4):355-357.
[14] Fox,T.B.,Landis,D.A.,Cardoso,F.F.,& Difonzo,C.D..(2004).Predators suppress＼r,aphis glycines＼r,matsumura population growth in soybean.Environmental Entomology,33(3):608-618.
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[20] 王伟,姚举,李号宾,等.棉田周缘种植不同品种油菜诱集带增益控害效果初步研究[J].植物保护,2011,37(3):142-145.WANG Wei,YAO Ju,LI Hao-bin,et al.(2011) .Comparative study on conservation of natural enemy in cotton field by different rapes in Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,37(3):142-145.(in Chinese)
[21] 王伟,姚举,李号宾,等.新疆麦棉间作布局及麦棉比例与棉田捕食性天敌发生的关系[J].植物保护,2009,35(5):43-47.WANG Wei,YAO Ju,LI Hao-bin,et al.(2009) .Occurrence of predators in different cotton fields in south Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,35(5):43-47.(in Chinese)
[22] Gardiner,M.M.,Landis,D.A.,Gratton,C.,Difonzo,C.D.,O"Neal,M.,& Chacon,J.M.,et al.(2009).Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central usa.Ecological Applications,19(1):143-154.
[23] 于汉龙,门兴元,叶保华,等.自然天敌对苗蚜和伏蚜控制作用的定量分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):99-106.YU Han-long,MEN Xing-yuan,YE Bao-hua,et al.(2014) .Effects of suppression of natural enemies on cotton aphids [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(1):99-106.(in Chinese)
[24] 吕昭智,张江国,罗亮,等.短时间高温处理对棉蚜存活的影响[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(4):685-689.Lü Zhao-zhi,ZHANG Jiang-guo,LUO Liang,et al.(2010) .Effect of high temperature on survival of the cotton aphid ,Aphis gossypii [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(4):685-689.(in Chinese)
[25] 马吉宏,吕昭智,夏德萍,等.干旱区田间高温与棉蚜种群动态的关系初探[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(2):340-343.MA Ji-hong,Lü Zhao-zhi,XIA De-ping,et al.(2011) .Preliminary study on relationship between dield high temperature and cotton aphid population(Aphis gossypii) dynamic state in arid area [J].Xinjiang Agriculture Sciences,48(2):340-343.(in Chinese)
[26] 林荣华.新疆棉田棉蚜生态调控机理与技术[D].北京:中国科学院动物研究所博士论文,2002.LIN Rong-hua.(2002).Mechanism and technology of ecological regulation of cotton aphid in Xinjiang [D].PhD Dissertation.Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.(in Chinese)
[27] Ramsden,M.W.,Menéndez,Rosa,Leather,S.R.,& W?Ckers,F..(2015).Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services:the relative role of aphid abundance,annual floral resources,and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies.Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,199:94-104.
[28] Landis,D.A.,Wratten,S.D.,& Gurr,G.M..(2000).Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.Annual Review of Entomology,45(1):175-201.
[29] 王林霞,田长彦,马英杰,等.玉米诱集带对棉田天敌种群动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(1):86-89.WANG Lin-xia,TIAN Chang-yan,MA Ying-jie,et al.(2004).Effect of trap corn on the population dynamics of native predators in cotton field [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,22(1):86-89.(in Chinese)
[2]李号宾,吴孔明,徐遥,等.南疆地区棉田蚜虫种群数量动态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2008,45 (4):670-675.LI Hao-bin,WU Kong-ming,XU Yao,et al.(2008).Dynamic analysis of population of cotton aphids in the south of Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agriculture Sciences,45 (4):670-675.(in Chinese)
[3]李保平,唐小海.棉蚜天敌控害作用的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,1998,21(4):270-272.LI Bao-ping,TANG Xiao-hai.(1998).A research on the efficacy of natural enemies of the cotton aphid in cotton fields [J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,21(4):270-272.(in Chinese)
[4] 戈峰,刘向辉,潘卫东.棉田捕食性瓢虫控害功能的分析[J].应用生态学报,2002,13 (7):841-844.GE Feng,LIU Xiang-hui,PAN Wei-dong.(2002).Biological control efficiency of ladybirds on arthropod pests in cotton agroecosystems [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,13(7):841-844.(in Chinese)
[5] Men,X.,Ge,F.,Yardim,E.,& Parajulee,M..(2004).Evaluation of winter wheat as a potential relay crop for enhancing biological control of cotton aphids.Biocontrol,49(6):701-714.
[6] 杨静.北疆棉区非棉田生境对捕食性天敌的保育功能[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学硕士论文,2016.YANG Jing.(2016).Conservation functions of non-cotton habitat on predatory natural enemies in northern Xinjiang [D].Master Dissertation.Shihezi University,Shehezi.(in Chinese)
[7] 万年峰,季香云,蒋杰贤,等.田埂留草控制稻飞虱效果及对捕食性天敌多样性影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2012,49 (6):1 604-1 609.WAN Nian-feng,JI Xiang-yun,JIANG Jie-xian,et al.(2012).Effect of retaining grass on rice field ridges on rice planthoppers and the diversity of natural enemies of rice pests in rice fields [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,49 (6):1,604-1,609.(in Chinese)
[8] 郑许松,鲁艳辉,钟列权,等.诱虫植物香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局[J].植物保护,2017,43(6):103-108.ZHENG Xu-song,LU Yan-hui,ZHONG Lie-quan,et al.(2017).Optimal planting pattern of trap plant vetiver grass,Vetiveria zizanioides,for controlling rice striped stemborder,Chilo suppressalis [J].Plant Protection,43(6):103-108.(in Chinese)
[9] 李秀琴,马祁,姚举,等.新疆荒漠过渡带及其相邻棉田中捕食性节肢动物的群落特征[J].中国棉花,2007,34(8):8-17.LI Xiu-qin,MA Qi,YAO Ju,et al.(2007) .Community characteristics of predatory arthropods at the desert transition zone of Xinjiang and neighboring cotton fields [J].Chinese Cotton,34(8):8-17.(in Chinese)
[10] 郭天凤,孙洪波,马野萍,等.棉田周围植被对棉蚜及天敌的影响[J].新疆农垦科技,2005,(4):21-22.GUO Tian-feng,SUN Hong-bo,MA Ye-ping,et al.(2005) .Effects of vegetation around cotton fields on cotton aphid and natural enemies [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Technology,(4):21-22.(in Chinese)
[11] 吕昭智,田长彦,胡明芳,等.棉田及其边缘杂草对天敌的影响[J].植物保护,2002,28(5):22-24.Lü Zhao-zhi,TIAN Chang-yan,HU Ming-fang,et al.(2002) .The influence of cotton fields and their weeds on natural enemies [J].Plant Protection,28(5):22-24.(in Chinese)
[12] 傅一峰,刘冰,罗延亮,等.北疆棉田非作物生境食蚜蝇种群消长动态[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,(1):1-12.FU Yi-feng,LIU Bing,LUO Yan-liang,et al.(2018) .Population dynamics of Hoverflies in non-crop habitats surrounded cotton fields in northern Xinjiang [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,(1):1-12.(in Chinese)
[13] Zhang,RZ,Liang,HB,Tian,& CY,et al.(2000).Biological mechanism of controlling cotton aphid(homoptera :aphididae) by the marginal alfalfa zone surrounding cotton field.Chinese Science Bulletin,45(4):355-357.
[14] Fox,T.B.,Landis,D.A.,Cardoso,F.F.,& Difonzo,C.D..(2004).Predators suppress＼r,aphis glycines＼r,matsumura population growth in soybean.Environmental Entomology,33(3):608-618.
[15] SAS Institute.SAS/STAT维吾尔自治区9.4 User's Guide[M].Cary,North Carolina:SAS Institute Inc,2012.
[16] 丁雪梅,徐向红,邢沈阳,等.SPSS数据分析及Excel作图在毕业论文中的应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2012,31(3):122-128.DING Xue-mei,XU Xiang-Hong,XING Shen-yang,et al.(2012).Application of data analysis by SPSS and figure construction by excel in the graduation thesis [J].Research and exploration in laboratory,31(3):122-128.(in Chinese)
[17] 姚举,姬华,王东,等.棉田优势天敌多异瓢虫成虫对棉蚜捕食功能的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2005,42(4):262-264.YAO Ju,JI Hua,WANG Dong,et al.(2005).Study on predation Aphis gossypii by adult Hippodamia variegate [J].Xinjiang Agriculture Sciences,42(4):262-264.(in Chinese)
[18] 冯宏祖,王兰,熊仁慈,等.多异瓢虫种群动态及捕食功能的研究[J].昆虫知识,2000,37(4):223-226.FENG Hong-zu,WANG Lan,XIONG Ren-ci,et al.(2000).A study on the population dynamics and predacious function of Hippodamia variegate [J].Entomological Knowledge,37(4):223-226.(in Chinese)
[19] 杨海峰,马祁,徐遥.新疆棉田天敌的源库及其保护与扩增[J].新疆农业科学,2001,38(1):1-3.YANG Hai-feng,MA Qi,XU Yao.(2001).The source library of natural enemies of cotton fields in Xinjiang and its protection and amplification [J].Xinjiang Agriculture Sciences,38(1):1-3.(in Chinese)
[20] 王伟,姚举,李号宾,等.棉田周缘种植不同品种油菜诱集带增益控害效果初步研究[J].植物保护,2011,37(3):142-145.WANG Wei,YAO Ju,LI Hao-bin,et al.(2011) .Comparative study on conservation of natural enemy in cotton field by different rapes in Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,37(3):142-145.(in Chinese)
[21] 王伟,姚举,李号宾,等.新疆麦棉间作布局及麦棉比例与棉田捕食性天敌发生的关系[J].植物保护,2009,35(5):43-47.WANG Wei,YAO Ju,LI Hao-bin,et al.(2009) .Occurrence of predators in different cotton fields in south Xinjiang [J].Plant Protection,35(5):43-47.(in Chinese)
[22] Gardiner,M.M.,Landis,D.A.,Gratton,C.,Difonzo,C.D.,O"Neal,M.,& Chacon,J.M.,et al.(2009).Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central usa.Ecological Applications,19(1):143-154.
[23] 于汉龙,门兴元,叶保华,等.自然天敌对苗蚜和伏蚜控制作用的定量分析[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(1):99-106.YU Han-long,MEN Xing-yuan,YE Bao-hua,et al.(2014) .Effects of suppression of natural enemies on cotton aphids [J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,51(1):99-106.(in Chinese)
[24] 吕昭智,张江国,罗亮,等.短时间高温处理对棉蚜存活的影响[J].昆虫知识,2010,47(4):685-689.Lü Zhao-zhi,ZHANG Jiang-guo,LUO Liang,et al.(2010) .Effect of high temperature on survival of the cotton aphid ,Aphis gossypii [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(4):685-689.(in Chinese)
[25] 马吉宏,吕昭智,夏德萍,等.干旱区田间高温与棉蚜种群动态的关系初探[J].新疆农业科学,2011,48(2):340-343.MA Ji-hong,Lü Zhao-zhi,XIA De-ping,et al.(2011) .Preliminary study on relationship between dield high temperature and cotton aphid population(Aphis gossypii) dynamic state in arid area [J].Xinjiang Agriculture Sciences,48(2):340-343.(in Chinese)
[26] 林荣华.新疆棉田棉蚜生态调控机理与技术[D].北京:中国科学院动物研究所博士论文,2002.LIN Rong-hua.(2002).Mechanism and technology of ecological regulation of cotton aphid in Xinjiang [D].PhD Dissertation.Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.(in Chinese)
[27] Ramsden,M.W.,Menéndez,Rosa,Leather,S.R.,& W?Ckers,F..(2015).Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services:the relative role of aphid abundance,annual floral resources,and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies.Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environment,199:94-104.
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