首都圈西北部主要活动断裂CO_2、Rn、Hg脱气对环境的影响
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摘要
活动断裂带能够向大气释放一定量的温室气体及有害气体(如CO_2,Rn,Hg等),对大气环境产生一定的影响.于2012年5月和2013年5月对首都圈西北部9条活动断裂带CO_2、Rn和Hg的脱气浓度及通量进行了测量,并计算了CO_2和Hg脱气对大气的年贡献量.结果表明:(1)活动断裂带土壤气中CO_2、Rn和Hg浓度的平均值分别为0.58%、8.88 k Bq·m-3和6.44 ng·m-3,其浓度的最大值分别为9.47%、79.1 k Bq·m-3和105 ng·m-3;土壤气浓度整体具有从西向东,自南向北增大的趋势.断裂带CO_2、Rn和Hg通量的平均值分别为55.7 g·m-2·d-1、55.87 m Bq·m-2·s-1和6.78 ng·m-2·h-1,其通量的最大值分别为274.29 g·m-2·d-1、230.22 m Bq·m-2·s-1和74.33 ng·m-2·h-1.(2)京西北活动断裂带多数测区土壤气CO_2浓度无窒息风险;部分测区土壤气Hg浓度大于38 ng·m-3,属中度污染区;首都圈西北部9条活动断裂带通过脱气作用对大气CO_2的年贡献量为2 Mt,对大气Hg的年贡献量为5.3 kg;活动断裂带部分测点氡浓度较高,其附近建筑物应采取综合防氡措施.
Some greenhouse gases and harmful gases(e.g. CO_2,Rn and Hg) can be emitted from active faults into the atmosphere with impacts on the atmospheric environment. Concentrations and flux of CO_2,Rn and Hg in soil gas were investigated in the nine acive faults in the northwest area of the Beijing region in May 2012 and May 2013,and total anval output of CO_2 and Hg into atmospherewere estimated. The results indicated(1) The average concentrations of CO_2,Rn and Hg in soil gas from the main faults reached 0.58%,8.88 k Bq·m-3 and 6.44 ng·m-3,respectively; The maximum anomalies of CO_2,Rn and Hg concentration were 9.47%,79.10 k Bq·m-3 and 105 ng·m-3. The concentrations of the soil gas showed an increase trend from west to east and from south to north in research area. The average flux of CO_2,Rn and Hg reached 55.7 g·m-2·d-1,55.87 m Bq·m-2·s-1 and6.78 ng·m-2·h-1,respectively; The maximum flux of CO_2,Rn and Hg were 274.29 g·m-2·d-1,230.22 m Bq·m-2·s-1 and 74. 33 ng·m-2·h-1.(2) The CO_2 concentrations in the soil gas in most areas along the main faults in the northwest of the Beijing region had no risk of asphyxia; The concentrations of Hg in some areas were higher than 38 ng·m-3 which indicated moderate pollution in these areas; The total output of CO_2 and Hg degassing from the nine faults in the northwest of the capital region were approximately 2 Mt·y-1 and 5.3 kg·y-1; The soil Rn in some measuring points had higher concentrations,therefore some protective measures to prevent radon pollution should be taken for the nearby buildings.
Some greenhouse gases and harmful gases(e.g. CO_2,Rn and Hg) can be emitted from active faults into the atmosphere with impacts on the atmospheric environment. Concentrations and flux of CO_2,Rn and Hg in soil gas were investigated in the nine acive faults in the northwest area of the Beijing region in May 2012 and May 2013,and total anval output of CO_2 and Hg into atmospherewere estimated. The results indicated(1) The average concentrations of CO_2,Rn and Hg in soil gas from the main faults reached 0.58%,8.88 k Bq·m-3 and 6.44 ng·m-3,respectively; The maximum anomalies of CO_2,Rn and Hg concentration were 9.47%,79.10 k Bq·m-3 and 105 ng·m-3. The concentrations of the soil gas showed an increase trend from west to east and from south to north in research area. The average flux of CO_2,Rn and Hg reached 55.7 g·m-2·d-1,55.87 m Bq·m-2·s-1 and6.78 ng·m-2·h-1,respectively; The maximum flux of CO_2,Rn and Hg were 274.29 g·m-2·d-1,230.22 m Bq·m-2·s-1 and 74. 33 ng·m-2·h-1.(2) The CO_2 concentrations in the soil gas in most areas along the main faults in the northwest of the Beijing region had no risk of asphyxia; The concentrations of Hg in some areas were higher than 38 ng·m-3 which indicated moderate pollution in these areas; The total output of CO_2 and Hg degassing from the nine faults in the northwest of the capital region were approximately 2 Mt·y-1 and 5.3 kg·y-1; The soil Rn in some measuring points had higher concentrations,therefore some protective measures to prevent radon pollution should be taken for the nearby buildings.
引文
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[3]TAO M,XU Y,SHI B,et al.Characteristics of mantle degassing and deep-seated geological structures in different typical fault zones of China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2005,48(7):1074-1088.
[4]邵济安,赵谊,张福松,等.黑龙江省中西部地球排气与地震活动的探讨[J].岩石学报,2010,26(12):3651-3656.SHAO J A,ZHAO Y,ZHANG F S,et al.Discussions on earth degassing and seismic activities in central west Heilongjiang Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2010,26(12):3651-3656(in Chinese).
[5]JUNG N,HAN W,WATSON Z T,et al.Fault-controlled CO2leakage from natural reservoirs in the colorado plateau,east-central utah[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2014,403:358-367.
[6]周晓城,孙凤霞,陈志,等.汶川Ms8.0地震破裂带CO2、CH4、Rn和Hg脱气强度[J].岩石学报,2017,33(1):291-302.Zh OU X C,SUN F X,CHEN Z,et al.Degassing of CO2,CH4,Rn and Hg in the rupture zones produced by Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(1):291-303(in Chinese).
[7]ENGLE M A,GUSTIN M S,ZHANG H.Quantifying natural source mercury emissions from the Ivanhoe Mining District,north-central Nevada,USA[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35:3987-3997.
[8]MRNER N,ETIOPE G.Carbon degassing from the lithosphere[J].Global and Planetary Change,2002,33:185-203.
[9]LEWICKI J L,EVANS W C,HILLEY G E,et al.Shallow soil CO2flow along the san andreas and calaveras faults,california[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2003,108(B4):ECV3-1-ECV3-14.
[10]DUPRS,SCALABRIN C,GRALL C,et al.Tectonic and sedimentary controls on widespread gas emissions in the Sea of Marmara:Results from systematic,shipborne multibeam echo sounder waater column imaging[J].Journal of Geophysical Reaearch:Solid Earth,2015,120(5):2891-2912.
[11]ROGIE J D,KERRICK D M,CHIODINI G,et al.Flux measurement of nonvolcanic CO2emission from some vents in central Italy[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(B4):8435-8445.
[12]ZHOU X C,CHEN Z,CUI Y J.Environmental impact of CO2,Rn,Hg degassing from the rupture zones produced by Wenchuan Ms 8.0earthquake in western Sichuan,China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2016,38:1067-1082.
[13]王喜龙,李营,杜建国,等.首都圈地区土壤气Rn,Hg,CO2地球化学特征及其成因[J].地震学报,2017,39(1):85-101.WANG X L,LI Y,DU J G,et al.Geochemical characteristics of soil gases Rn,Hg and CO2and their genesis in the capital area of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2017,39(1):85-101(in Chinese).
[14]张红艳,谢富仁,荆振杰.京西北盆岭构造区现代构造应力场的非均匀特征[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(12):3061-3071.ZHANG H Y,XIE F R,JING Z J.Research on heterogeneity of the present tectonic stress field in the basin-and-rang province northwest of Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of geophysics,2009,52(12):3061-3071(in Chinese).
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[16]TAN Y,XIAO D.Measuring radon exhalation rate in two cycles avoiding the effects of back-diffusion and chamber leakage[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185:8759-8765.
[17]李营,杜建国,王富宽,等.延怀盆地土壤气地球化学特征[J].地震学报,2009,31(1):82-91.LI Y,DU J G,WANG F K,et al.Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in Yanqing-Huailai basin,North China[J].Acta seismologica Sinica,2009,31(1):82-91(in Chinese).
[18]韩晓坤,李营,杜建国,等.夏垫断裂中南段土壤气地球化学特征[J].物探与化探,2013,37(6):976-982.HAN X K,LI Y,DU J G,et al.Geochemical characteristics of soil gas in the central south segment of Xiadian Fault[J].Geophysical and Geochemical exploration,2013,37(6):976-982(in Chinese).
[19]张莹莹,高原,石玉涛,等.张家口-渤海地震活动带及其邻区的地壳厚度与泊松分布[J].地震学报,2015,34(7):541-553.ZHANG Y Y,GAO Y,SHI Y T,et al.Crustal thickness and poisson's ration beneath Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic active belt and its neighboring regions[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2015,34(7):541-553(in Chinese).
[20]罗艳,崇加军,倪四道,等.首都圈地区莫霍面起伏及沉积层厚度[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1135-1145.LUO Y,CHONG J J,NI S D,et al.Moho depth and sedimentary thickness in capital region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1135-1145(in Chinese).
[21]王未来,吴建平,房立华.唐海-商都地震台阵剖面下方的地壳上地幔S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(1):81-89.WANG W L,WU J P,FANG L H.Crust and upper mantle S-wave velocity structure beneath Tanghai-Shangdu seismic array profile[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(1):81-89(in Chinese).
[22]汪一鹏,邓起东,朱世龙.中国岩石圈动力图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989,59.WANG Y P,DENG Q D,ZHU S L.Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China[M].Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,1989,59(in Chinese).
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