高温烟气蒸发垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的挥发性有机物
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摘要
通过对比和分析不同温度、不同时间下垃圾填埋场中膜浓缩液蒸发的挥发特性和挥发性有机物的种类,研究了在其蒸发过程中的有机物挥发情况,并基于此设计了直接利用高温烟气先间壁换热再直接换热的一体化蒸发装置,通过对高温烟气温度、浸没深度、蒸发时间的优化,最终实现了烟气热能的高效利用和常压下的减压蒸发效果。结果表明:随着温度的升高,尾气中高沸点、长碳链的挥发性有机物的种类和挥发量增多。挥发性有机物主要为烷烃类,100℃以后,苯系物和醇酯类物质增加明显;温度为80℃,蒸发0.5h和1h,低分子量有机物大量释放,高沸点物质挥发较少;400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃温度下高温烟气蒸发时,液相蒸发温度在85℃左右,与尾气温差保持在5～6℃,传热传质快,且挥发性有机物的种类与直接蒸发结论基本一致,提高了在较低温蒸发状态下热能的高效利用。同时,该尾气经活性炭吸附处理后,剩余挥发性有机物少,效果明显。
By comparing and analyzing the volatilization characteristics and types of volatile organic compounds in the evaporation of membrane concentrate in landfill at different temperatures and time, the volatilization of organic compounds in the evaporation process was studied. An integrated evaporation device, which utilizes the high-temperature flue gas first-wall heat exchange and then direct heat exchange, was designed. Through the optimization of the temperature, immersion depth and evaporation time of the high-temperature flue gas, the efficient use of flue gas thermal energy and the decompression evaporation under normal pressure are finally realized. The results indicated that the species and the concentration of volatile organic compounds with high boiling points and long carbon chains increased with the increase of evaporation temperature. It was noteworthy that the volatile organic compounds were mainly alkanes. When the temperature exceeded 100℃, the concentration of benzene series and alcohol lipids increased significantly. When the temperature was close to 80℃ and the evaporation time was 0.5 h or 1 h, organic compounds with low molecular weight were significantly released, however, the organic compounds with high boiling points existed in few. When the evaporation temperature at 400—550℃, the liquid evaporation temperature reached to 85℃, the difference between liquid evaporation temperature and tail gas temperature is maintained at 5—6 C. Under the above conditions, the heat and mass transfer was fast and the species of volatile organic compounds were basically consistent with the conclusion of direct evaporation. Meanwhile, the utility of heat energy in the evaporation process at lower temperature was enhanced and the volatile organic compounds were effectively removed after being adsorbed on activated carbon.
By comparing and analyzing the volatilization characteristics and types of volatile organic compounds in the evaporation of membrane concentrate in landfill at different temperatures and time, the volatilization of organic compounds in the evaporation process was studied. An integrated evaporation device, which utilizes the high-temperature flue gas first-wall heat exchange and then direct heat exchange, was designed. Through the optimization of the temperature, immersion depth and evaporation time of the high-temperature flue gas, the efficient use of flue gas thermal energy and the decompression evaporation under normal pressure are finally realized. The results indicated that the species and the concentration of volatile organic compounds with high boiling points and long carbon chains increased with the increase of evaporation temperature. It was noteworthy that the volatile organic compounds were mainly alkanes. When the temperature exceeded 100℃, the concentration of benzene series and alcohol lipids increased significantly. When the temperature was close to 80℃ and the evaporation time was 0.5 h or 1 h, organic compounds with low molecular weight were significantly released, however, the organic compounds with high boiling points existed in few. When the evaporation temperature at 400—550℃, the liquid evaporation temperature reached to 85℃, the difference between liquid evaporation temperature and tail gas temperature is maintained at 5—6 C. Under the above conditions, the heat and mass transfer was fast and the species of volatile organic compounds were basically consistent with the conclusion of direct evaporation. Meanwhile, the utility of heat energy in the evaporation process at lower temperature was enhanced and the volatile organic compounds were effectively removed after being adsorbed on activated carbon.
引文
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[15]康鹏,金滟,蔡涛.聚丙烯中挥发性有机物释放行为的研究[J].合成树脂及塑料,2010,27(1):60-63.KANG P,JIN Y,CAI T.Study on the release behavior of volatile organic compounds in polypropylene[J].Synthetic Resins and Plastics,2010,27(1):60-63.
[2]MOHAMMAD A W,HILAL N,PEI L Y.Treatment of landfill leachate wastewater by nanofiltration membrane[J].International Journal of Green Energy,2004,1(11):251-263.
[3]PETERS T A.Purification of landfill leachate with membrane filtration[J].Filtration&Separation,1998,35(1):33-36.
[4]张皓贞,张超杰,张莹,等.垃圾渗滤液膜过滤浓缩液处理的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2015,35(11):9-13.ZHANG H Z,ZHANG C J,ZHANG Y,et al.Research progress in the treatment of concentrated solution produced from landfill leachate treated by membrane filtration[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2015,35(11):9-13.
[5]徐辉,蔡斌,周俊,等.垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液处理进展[J].给水排水,2017,43(s1):8-10.XU H,CAI B,ZHOU J,et al.Progress in treatment of landfill leachate membrane concentrate[J].Water Supply and Sewerage,2017,43(s1):8-10.
[6]宋薇,李丽,王玉如.低温真空蒸发处理垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(10):5417-5423.SONG W,LI L,WANG Y R.Treatment of landfill leachate concentrate by low temperature vacuum evaporation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(10):5417-5423.
[7]岳东北,许玉东,何亮,等.浸没燃烧蒸发工艺处理浓缩渗滤液[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(7):71-73.YUE D B,XU Y D,HE L,et al.Submerged combustion evaporation process for treatment of concentrated leachate[J].China Water&Wastewater,2005,21(7):71-73.
[8]PALMA L D,FERRANTELLI P,MERLI C,et al.Treatment of industrial landfill leachate by means of evaporation and reverse osmosis[J].Waste Management,2002,22(8):951-955.
[9]岳东北,刘建国,聂永丰,等.蒸发法深度处理浓缩渗滤液的实验研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2005(1):44-45.YUE D B,LIU J G,NIE Y F,et al.Experimental study on advanced treatment of concentrated leachate by evaporation[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2005(1):44-45.
[10]潘松青,叶志隆,程蒙召,等.垃圾填埋场渗滤液和浓缩液的蒸发特性[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(8):4506-4512.PAN S Q,YE Z L,CHENG M Z,et al.Evaporation characteristics of landfill leachate and its concentrate generated after MBR-NF-ROtreatment process[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(8):4506-4512.
[11]陈颖,李丽娜,杨常青,等.我国VOC类有毒空气污染物优先控制对策探讨[J].环境科学,2011,32(12):3469-3475.CHEN Y,LI L N,YANG C Q,et al.Countermeasures for priority control of toxic VOC pollution[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(12):3469-3475.
[12]DUNCAN B N,YOSHIDA Y,OLSON J R,et al.Application of OMIobservations to a space-based indicator of NO and VOC controls on surface ozone formation[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(18):2213-2223.
[13]叶秀雅,周少奇,郑可.运用GC-MS技术分析垃圾渗滤液有机污染物的去除特性[J].化工进展,2011,30(6):1374-1378.YE X Y,ZHOU S Q,ZHENG K.Analysis of the removal characteristics of organic pollutants in landfill leachate using GC-MStechnique[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2011,30(6):1374-1378.
[14]邹世春,王新明.垃圾填埋场空气中微量挥发性有机污染物的分析[J].环境科学,2000(2):70-73.ZOU S C,WANG X M.Determinat ion of trace volatile organic compounds from a landf ill gas[J].Environmental Science,2000(2):70-73.
[15]康鹏,金滟,蔡涛.聚丙烯中挥发性有机物释放行为的研究[J].合成树脂及塑料,2010,27(1):60-63.KANG P,JIN Y,CAI T.Study on the release behavior of volatile organic compounds in polypropylene[J].Synthetic Resins and Plastics,2010,27(1):60-63.