渤海海域辽西凹陷北部走滑断裂特征及地质意义
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摘要
利用研究区的地震勘探资料对辽西凹陷北部断裂体系进行分析,发现区内存在典型的走滑断层,这些走滑断裂均在前新生界基底收敛于新生代辽西凹陷中心部位,应该为先存基底断层在新生代始新世沙河街组三段沉积以来(40 Ma左右)右旋走滑再活动的产物。其与辽河西部凹陷内新生代郯庐右旋走滑断层可较好地延伸走向相连或平行相接,在活动时间和展布特征上与辽河拗陷陆上部分及辽东凹陷内的新生代郯庐右旋走滑断层均具有很好的走向连续一致性,这表明40 Ma以来,郯庐断裂带在整个辽河拗陷均具有东西两支平行展布的特征,且该特征应源于郯庐断裂带在该区前新生代东西两支的发育模式。区内走滑断层的存在,在凹陷内部形成系列洼中隆构造构成的中央构造带,这一构造带是油气聚集的有力圈闭发育区带。
The north part of the Liaoxi graben is located in the transition region from onshore part to the offshore part of the Liaohe sub-basin in the Bohai Bay Basin. Thus investigations on fault system in this area are the key to understand how the Tan-Lu Fault Zone extends from the onshore to offshore of the basin. In this study,we analyzed the fault system in the north part of the Liaoxi graben with abundant new exploration seismic data. The result shows that typical Cenozoic dextral strike-slip faults occurred in the study area,and these strike-slip faults belong to Tan-Lu Fault Zone. All the strike-slip faults within the graben merge at depth basement level with a central subvertical basement fault,and they were induced by the reactivity of the pre-existing subvertical basement fault after the deposition of the third member of the Eocene Shahejie formation( ～ 40 Ma). The strike-slip faults in the north part of the Liaoxi graben connect with the Cenozoic strike-slip faults in the west part of the onshore Liaohe sub-basin,and are similar with the strike-slip faults in the other areas of the Bohai Bay Basin in aspects of kinematics,evolutionary history,and distribution. It indicates the TLFZ in the whole Liaohe sub-basin consists of two branches,furthermore,this Cenozoic distribution characteristics is inherited from that of the Pre-Cenozoic TLFZ. Due to the existence of the strike-slip faults within graben,many anticline structures occurred in the location of fault restraining bends and stepovers along the strike-slip faults,forming a central structural belt which is very benefit to the hydrocarbon accumulation.
The north part of the Liaoxi graben is located in the transition region from onshore part to the offshore part of the Liaohe sub-basin in the Bohai Bay Basin. Thus investigations on fault system in this area are the key to understand how the Tan-Lu Fault Zone extends from the onshore to offshore of the basin. In this study,we analyzed the fault system in the north part of the Liaoxi graben with abundant new exploration seismic data. The result shows that typical Cenozoic dextral strike-slip faults occurred in the study area,and these strike-slip faults belong to Tan-Lu Fault Zone. All the strike-slip faults within the graben merge at depth basement level with a central subvertical basement fault,and they were induced by the reactivity of the pre-existing subvertical basement fault after the deposition of the third member of the Eocene Shahejie formation( ～ 40 Ma). The strike-slip faults in the north part of the Liaoxi graben connect with the Cenozoic strike-slip faults in the west part of the onshore Liaohe sub-basin,and are similar with the strike-slip faults in the other areas of the Bohai Bay Basin in aspects of kinematics,evolutionary history,and distribution. It indicates the TLFZ in the whole Liaohe sub-basin consists of two branches,furthermore,this Cenozoic distribution characteristics is inherited from that of the Pre-Cenozoic TLFZ. Due to the existence of the strike-slip faults within graben,many anticline structures occurred in the location of fault restraining bends and stepovers along the strike-slip faults,forming a central structural belt which is very benefit to the hydrocarbon accumulation.
引文
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[4]任建业,陆永潮,李思田,等.伊舒地堑构造演化的沉积充填响应[J].地质科学,1999,34(2):196-203.
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[7]漆家福,邓荣敬,周心怀,等.渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(增刊):19-29.
[8]ZHU G,LIU G S,NIU M L,et al.Syn-collisional transform faulting of the Tan-Lu fault zone,East China[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,2009,98(1):135-155.
[9]YIN A.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Asia:A preliminary synthesis[J].Tectonophysics,2010,488(4):293-325.
[10]王应斌,黄雷.渤海海域营潍断裂带展布特征及新生代控盆模式[J].地质学报,2013,87(12):1811-1818.
[11]HUANG L,LIU C Y,KUSKY T M.Cenozoic evolution of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone(East China)-Constraints from seismic data[J].Gondwana Research,2015,28:1079-1095.
[12]XU J W,ZHU G,TONG W X,et al.Formation and evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang wrench fault system:a major shear system to the northern of the Pacific O-cean[J].Tectonophysics,1987,134:273-310.
[13]童亨茂,宓荣三,于天才,等.渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷的走滑构造作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1017-1026.
[14]漆家福,杨桥,陈发景,等.辽东湾-下辽河盆地新生代构造的运动学特征及其演化过程[J].现代地质,1994,8(1):34-42.
[15]漆家福,李晓光,于福生,等.辽河西部凹陷新生代构造变形及“郯庐断裂带”的表现[J].中国科学(D辑),2013,43(8):1324-1337.
[16]LI Z,JIA D,CHEN W,et al.Structural deformation and evolution of right-lateral strike-slip tectonics of the Liaohe western depression during the early Cenozoic[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,77:1-11.
[17]于福生,董月霞,童亨茂,等.渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷古近纪变形特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):51-60.
[18]周心怀,刘震,李潍莲.辽东湾断陷油气成藏机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[19]朱伟林,米立军,龚再升,等.渤海海域油气成藏与勘探[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[20]夏庆龙,田立新,周心怀,等.渤海海域构造形成演化及变形机制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[21]HUANG L,LIU C Y,WANG Y B,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation in strike-slip fault restraining bends:New insights into the tectonic controls on the Penglai19-3 and Penglai 25-6 oil fields,Tan-Lu fault zone,east China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(8):1239-1263.
[22]辽河油田石油地质志编辑委员会.中国石油地质志(卷三):辽河油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[23]曹忠祥,任凤楼,宋国奇,等.营口-潍坊断裂带对辽东湾拗陷东部凸起的形成及构造分段的控制作用---来自物理模拟实验和断层几何学特征的证据[J].地质科学,2008,43(2):238-250.
[24]HUANG L,LIU C Y,ZHOU X H,et al.The important turning points during evolution of Cenozoic basin offshore the Bohai Sea:Evidence and regional dynamics analysis[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(3):476-487.
[25]彭靖淞,徐长贵,吴奎,等.郯庐断裂带辽东凸起的形成与古辽中洼陷的瓦解[J].石油学报,2015,36(3):274-285.
[26]CHENG Y J,WU Z P,YAN S Y,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Liaodong dome,Northeast Liaodong Bay,Bohai,offshore China,constraints from seismic stratigraphy,vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track data[J].Tectonophysics,2015,659:152-165.
[27]余一欣,周心怀,徐长贵,等.渤海辽东湾拗陷走滑断裂差异变形特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(5):632-638.
[28]CLAY K,BONORA M.Analog models of restraining stepovers in strike-slip fault systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(2):233-260.
[29]HELLART W P,NIEUWLAND D A.3D evolution of a pop-up structure above a double basement strike-slip fault:some insights from analogue modeling[C]∥NIEUWLAND D A.New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling.London:Geological Society Special Publications,2003:169-179.
[30]WOODCOCK N H,RICKARDS B.Transpressive duplex and flower structure:Dent Fault System,NWEngland[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:1981-1992.
[31]CUNNINGHAM W D,MANN P.Tectonics of Strikeslip Restraining and Releasing Bends[M].London:Geological Society Special Publication,2007.
[32]WU J E,MCCLAY K,WHITEHOUSE P,et al.4Danalogue modelling of transtensional pull-apart basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(8):1608-1623.
[33]MITRA S,PAUL D.Structural geometry and evolution of releasing and restraining bends:Insights from laserscanned experimental models[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(7):1147-1180.
[34]XU J W,ZHU G.Tectonic models of the Tan-Lu fault zone,eastern China[J].International Geology Review,1994,36(8):771-784.
[35]GILDER S S A,LELOUP P H,COURTILIOT V.Tectonic evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang(Tan-Lu)fault via middle Triassic to early Cenozoic paleomagnetic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104:15365-15390.
[36]WRIGHT T L.Structural geology and tectonic evolution of the Los Angeles Basin,California[C]∥BID-DLE K T.Active Margin Basins.Tulsa:AAPGMemoir,1991:36-128.
[37]YEATS R S,BEALL J M.Stratigraphic controls of oil fields in the Los Angeles Basin:Aguide to migration history[C]∥BIDDLE K T.Active Margin basins.Tulsa:AAPG Memoir,1991:221-235.
[2]ALLEN M B,MACDONALD D I M,ZHAO X,et al.Transtensional deformation in the evolution of the Bohai basin,northern China[C]∥HOLDSWORTH RE,STRACHAN R A,DEWEY J F.Continental transpression and transtensional tectonics.London:Geological Society Special Publication,1998,215-229.
[3]HUANG L,LIU C Y.Evolutionary characteristics of the sags to the east of Tan-Lu Fault Zone,Bohai Bay Basin(China):Implications for hydrocarbon exploration and regional tectonic evolution[J].Journal of A-sian Earth Sciences,2014,79(A):275-287.
[4]任建业,陆永潮,李思田,等.伊舒地堑构造演化的沉积充填响应[J].地质科学,1999,34(2):196-203.
[5]王永春.伊通地堑含油气系统与油气成藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[6]HSIAO L Y,GRAHAM S A,TILANDER N.Seismic reflection imaging of a major strikeslip fault zone in a rift system:Paleogene structure and evolution of the Tan-Lu fault system,Liaodong Bay,Bohai,offshore China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(1):71-97.
[7]漆家福,邓荣敬,周心怀,等.渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(增刊):19-29.
[8]ZHU G,LIU G S,NIU M L,et al.Syn-collisional transform faulting of the Tan-Lu fault zone,East China[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,2009,98(1):135-155.
[9]YIN A.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Asia:A preliminary synthesis[J].Tectonophysics,2010,488(4):293-325.
[10]王应斌,黄雷.渤海海域营潍断裂带展布特征及新生代控盆模式[J].地质学报,2013,87(12):1811-1818.
[11]HUANG L,LIU C Y,KUSKY T M.Cenozoic evolution of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone(East China)-Constraints from seismic data[J].Gondwana Research,2015,28:1079-1095.
[12]XU J W,ZHU G,TONG W X,et al.Formation and evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang wrench fault system:a major shear system to the northern of the Pacific O-cean[J].Tectonophysics,1987,134:273-310.
[13]童亨茂,宓荣三,于天才,等.渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷的走滑构造作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1017-1026.
[14]漆家福,杨桥,陈发景,等.辽东湾-下辽河盆地新生代构造的运动学特征及其演化过程[J].现代地质,1994,8(1):34-42.
[15]漆家福,李晓光,于福生,等.辽河西部凹陷新生代构造变形及“郯庐断裂带”的表现[J].中国科学(D辑),2013,43(8):1324-1337.
[16]LI Z,JIA D,CHEN W,et al.Structural deformation and evolution of right-lateral strike-slip tectonics of the Liaohe western depression during the early Cenozoic[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,77:1-11.
[17]于福生,董月霞,童亨茂,等.渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷古近纪变形特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):51-60.
[18]周心怀,刘震,李潍莲.辽东湾断陷油气成藏机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[19]朱伟林,米立军,龚再升,等.渤海海域油气成藏与勘探[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[20]夏庆龙,田立新,周心怀,等.渤海海域构造形成演化及变形机制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[21]HUANG L,LIU C Y,WANG Y B,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation in strike-slip fault restraining bends:New insights into the tectonic controls on the Penglai19-3 and Penglai 25-6 oil fields,Tan-Lu fault zone,east China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2016,100(8):1239-1263.
[22]辽河油田石油地质志编辑委员会.中国石油地质志(卷三):辽河油田[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[23]曹忠祥,任凤楼,宋国奇,等.营口-潍坊断裂带对辽东湾拗陷东部凸起的形成及构造分段的控制作用---来自物理模拟实验和断层几何学特征的证据[J].地质科学,2008,43(2):238-250.
[24]HUANG L,LIU C Y,ZHOU X H,et al.The important turning points during evolution of Cenozoic basin offshore the Bohai Sea:Evidence and regional dynamics analysis[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(3):476-487.
[25]彭靖淞,徐长贵,吴奎,等.郯庐断裂带辽东凸起的形成与古辽中洼陷的瓦解[J].石油学报,2015,36(3):274-285.
[26]CHENG Y J,WU Z P,YAN S Y,et al.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Liaodong dome,Northeast Liaodong Bay,Bohai,offshore China,constraints from seismic stratigraphy,vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track data[J].Tectonophysics,2015,659:152-165.
[27]余一欣,周心怀,徐长贵,等.渤海辽东湾拗陷走滑断裂差异变形特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(5):632-638.
[28]CLAY K,BONORA M.Analog models of restraining stepovers in strike-slip fault systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(2):233-260.
[29]HELLART W P,NIEUWLAND D A.3D evolution of a pop-up structure above a double basement strike-slip fault:some insights from analogue modeling[C]∥NIEUWLAND D A.New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling.London:Geological Society Special Publications,2003:169-179.
[30]WOODCOCK N H,RICKARDS B.Transpressive duplex and flower structure:Dent Fault System,NWEngland[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:1981-1992.
[31]CUNNINGHAM W D,MANN P.Tectonics of Strikeslip Restraining and Releasing Bends[M].London:Geological Society Special Publication,2007.
[32]WU J E,MCCLAY K,WHITEHOUSE P,et al.4Danalogue modelling of transtensional pull-apart basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(8):1608-1623.
[33]MITRA S,PAUL D.Structural geometry and evolution of releasing and restraining bends:Insights from laserscanned experimental models[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(7):1147-1180.
[34]XU J W,ZHU G.Tectonic models of the Tan-Lu fault zone,eastern China[J].International Geology Review,1994,36(8):771-784.
[35]GILDER S S A,LELOUP P H,COURTILIOT V.Tectonic evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang(Tan-Lu)fault via middle Triassic to early Cenozoic paleomagnetic data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104:15365-15390.
[36]WRIGHT T L.Structural geology and tectonic evolution of the Los Angeles Basin,California[C]∥BID-DLE K T.Active Margin Basins.Tulsa:AAPGMemoir,1991:36-128.
[37]YEATS R S,BEALL J M.Stratigraphic controls of oil fields in the Los Angeles Basin:Aguide to migration history[C]∥BIDDLE K T.Active Margin basins.Tulsa:AAPG Memoir,1991:221-235.