牦牛主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术研究(上)
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摘要
本研究评价了埃普利诺菌素注射剂、浇泼剂对牦牛主要寄生虫病的驱虫疗效,为建立牦牛主要寄生虫病高效低残留防治技术提供依据。选用自然感染线虫、牛颚虱和皮蝇蛆的牦牛,采用粪检法和剖检法进行驱虫疗效试验。结果:埃普利诺菌素注射剂0. 1,0. 2,0. 3mg/kg剂量组消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为85. 0%,95. 0%和100. 0%,减少率分别为91. 9%,98. 4%和100. 0%。0. 2,0. 3mg/kg剂量组对牦牛网尾线虫L1转阴率和减少率均达100. 0%。0. 1mg/kg剂量组L1转阴率和减少率分别为90. 0%和95. 2%。0. 2,0. 3mg/kg剂量组原圆线虫L1转阴率分别为93. 3%,100. 0%,减少率分别为98. 3%,100. 0%。0. 1mg/kg剂量组L1转阴率和减少率分别为80. 0%,88. 5%。3个试验组对线虫成虫的总计驱虫率分别为90. 5%,97. 2%和99. 5%。埃普利诺菌素注射剂0. 3mg/kg剂量组给药后3d牛颚虱大部分死亡干瘪,第7d全部死亡干瘪,驱虫率均达100. 0%。0. 1mg/kg剂量组低剂量组的杀虫效果次于上述剂量。0. 2mg/kg剂量组与IVM注射剂0. 2mg/kg体重剂量组驱虫效果无显著差异。3个剂量组对牦牛皮蝇蛆的驱净率、驱虫率均达100. 0%;埃普利诺菌素浇泼剂0. 4mg/kg剂量组对牦牛消化道线虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为95. 0%和96. 4%～98. 3%。对牛颚虱和皮蝇蛆的驱杀效率均为100%。0. 5mg/kg剂量组对牦牛消化道线虫的虫卵转阴率、减少率均达100. 0%,对牛颚虱和皮蝇蛆的杀虫效果均达100%,对牛颚虱与牦牛体内消化道线虫持效期至少为28d。研究结果表明,埃普利诺菌素注射剂、浇泼剂对牦牛线虫病、牛颚虱与牛皮蝇蛆病等主要寄生虫病的驱虫疗效高,有很好的控制效果。
This study evaluated the insecticidal effect of epinephrine injection and pouring agent on the main parasitic diseases in yaks,and provided a basis for the establishment of effective and low-residue control technology for the main parasitic diseases of yaks. Yaks naturally infected with nematode worms,bovine jaw lice and fly maggots were selected. The results that the negative conversion rate of eggs was 85. 0%,95. 0%,100. 0%,and the reduction rate was91. 9%,98. 4% and 100. 0%,respectively under 0. 1,0. 2,0. 3mg/kg dose group of Epinephrine injection. The both negative conversion rate and reduction rate of L1 were 100. 0% for Dictyocaulus under the 0. 2 and 0. 3mg/kg dose group,and 90. 0% and 95. 2% respectively under the 0. 1mg/kg dose group. The negative conversion rate of L1was93. 3% and 100. 0% respectively for Protostrongylus under 0. 2,0. 3mg/kg dose group,and the reduction rate was98. 3% and 100. 0% respectively. The negative conversion rate and reduction rate was 80. 0% and 88. 5% respectively under the 0. 1mg/kg dose group. The total repellent rates of adult nematode worms in the three experimental groups were 90. 5%,97. 2% and 99. 5% respectively. Most of the bovine jaw lice shriveled and died at 3d under 0. 3mg/kg epinephrine injection,and all of them died at 7d,repellent rate reach 100. 0%. The repellent effect of 0. 1mg/kg dose was lower than other dose group. There was no significant difference in repellent effect between the 0. 2mg/kg dosegroup and the IVM injection body weight group. The repellent net rate and repellent rates of skin fly maggots in yak in the three dose groups were all 100. 0%. The negative conversion rate of egg and the reduction rate of nematode worms in yak digestive tract were 95. 0% and between 96. 4% and 98. 3% under 0. 4 mg/kg dose Eprinomectin pour-sprinkling preparation. The killing efficiency of bovine jaw lice and fly maggot was 100%. Under the 0. 5 mg/kg dose group,the egg conversion rate and the decrease rate of yak digestive tract nematode were both up to 100. 0%. The repellent effect on bovine jaw lice and fly maggot was 100%. The duration of efficacy was at least 28 d for the gastrointestinal nematodes and bovine jaw lice. The results showed that Epinephrine injection and Eprinomectin pour-sprinkling preparation had high repellent effect and good control effect on the main parasitic diseases such as yak nematode disease,bovine jaw lice and bovine skin fly maggot disease.
This study evaluated the insecticidal effect of epinephrine injection and pouring agent on the main parasitic diseases in yaks,and provided a basis for the establishment of effective and low-residue control technology for the main parasitic diseases of yaks. Yaks naturally infected with nematode worms,bovine jaw lice and fly maggots were selected. The results that the negative conversion rate of eggs was 85. 0%,95. 0%,100. 0%,and the reduction rate was91. 9%,98. 4% and 100. 0%,respectively under 0. 1,0. 2,0. 3mg/kg dose group of Epinephrine injection. The both negative conversion rate and reduction rate of L1 were 100. 0% for Dictyocaulus under the 0. 2 and 0. 3mg/kg dose group,and 90. 0% and 95. 2% respectively under the 0. 1mg/kg dose group. The negative conversion rate of L1was93. 3% and 100. 0% respectively for Protostrongylus under 0. 2,0. 3mg/kg dose group,and the reduction rate was98. 3% and 100. 0% respectively. The negative conversion rate and reduction rate was 80. 0% and 88. 5% respectively under the 0. 1mg/kg dose group. The total repellent rates of adult nematode worms in the three experimental groups were 90. 5%,97. 2% and 99. 5% respectively. Most of the bovine jaw lice shriveled and died at 3d under 0. 3mg/kg epinephrine injection,and all of them died at 7d,repellent rate reach 100. 0%. The repellent effect of 0. 1mg/kg dose was lower than other dose group. There was no significant difference in repellent effect between the 0. 2mg/kg dosegroup and the IVM injection body weight group. The repellent net rate and repellent rates of skin fly maggots in yak in the three dose groups were all 100. 0%. The negative conversion rate of egg and the reduction rate of nematode worms in yak digestive tract were 95. 0% and between 96. 4% and 98. 3% under 0. 4 mg/kg dose Eprinomectin pour-sprinkling preparation. The killing efficiency of bovine jaw lice and fly maggot was 100%. Under the 0. 5 mg/kg dose group,the egg conversion rate and the decrease rate of yak digestive tract nematode were both up to 100. 0%. The repellent effect on bovine jaw lice and fly maggot was 100%. The duration of efficacy was at least 28 d for the gastrointestinal nematodes and bovine jaw lice. The results showed that Epinephrine injection and Eprinomectin pour-sprinkling preparation had high repellent effect and good control effect on the main parasitic diseases such as yak nematode disease,bovine jaw lice and bovine skin fly maggot disease.
引文
[1]方毅才.我国牦牛发展现状与前景分析[J].农业科技与信息,2009,(19):14-15.
[2]万红玲,昝林通,吴建平.牦牛肉品质特性研究进展[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2012,(1):36-40.
[3]青海省畜牧厅主编.青海省畜禽疫病志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社.1993:196-297.
[4]殷铭阳,周东辉,刘建枝,等.中国牦牛主要寄生虫病流行现状及防控策略[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,(5):227-230.
[5]潘保良,汪明,王玉万,等.埃普利诺菌素研究进展[J].中国兽医寄生虫病,2003,11(2):59-62
[6]潘保良,汪明,王玉万,等.埃普利诺菌素注射剂对肉牛血虱的驱杀试验[J].动物医学进展,2003,24(5):119-120.
[7]蔡进忠,李春花,拉环,等.埃普利诺菌素浇泼剂对牦牛皮蝇幼虫驱除效果试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2009,39(5):10-12.
[8]Shoop W L,Egerton gerton J R,Eary C H.Eprinomectin:a novel avermectin for use as a topical endectocide for cattle[J].International Journal for Parasitology,1996,26:1237-1242.
[9]Barth D,Hair A,Kunkle B N,et al.Efficacy of eprinomectin against mange mitesin cattle[J].American Journal of Vetrinary Research,1997,58(11):1257-1259.
[10]Wardhaugh K G,Mahon R J,Ahmad H B.Efficacy of macrocyclic lactones for the control of larvae of the Old World screw-worm fly(Chrysomyabezziana)[J].Australion Veterinary Journal,2001,79(2):120-124.
[11]Holste J E,Colwell D D,Kumar R.Efficacy of eprinomectin against hypoderma spp in cattle[J].American Journal of Vetrinary Research,1998,59(1):56-58.
[12]Shoop W,Michael B,Egerton J,et al.Titration of subcutaneously administered eprinomectin against mature and immature nematodes in cattle[J].The Journal of Parasitology,2001,87(6):1466-1469.
[13]Pitt S R,Langholff W K,Eagleson J S.The efficacy of eprinomectin against induced infections of immature(fourthlarvalstage)and adult nematode parasites in cattle[J].Veterinary Parasitol,1997,73(1-2):119-128.
[14]Chartier C,Etter E,Pors I.Activity of eprinomectin in goats against experimental infections with Haemontus contortus,Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis[J].Veterinary Record,1999,144(4):99-100.
[15]Alvinerie M,Sutra J F,Galtier P,et al.Pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin in plasma and milk following topical administration to lactating dairy cattle[J].Research in Veterinary Science,1999,67,(3):229-232.
[16]Bengone D T,Ba M A,Kane Y A.et al.Eprinomectin in dairy zebu Gobra cattle(Bos indicus):plasma kinetics and excretion in milk[J].Parasitology Research,2006,98(6):501-506.
[17]Dupuy J,Sutra J,Alvinerie M,et al.Plasma and milk kinetic of eprinomectin and moxidectin in lactating water buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2008,157,(3-4):284-290.
[18]Anastasio A,Veneziano V,Capurro E,et al.Fate of eprinomectin in goat milk and cheeses with different ripening times following pour-on administration[J].Journal of Food Protection,2005,68(5):1097-1101.
[19]Sutra J F,Chartier C,Galtier P,et al.Determination of eprinomectin in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with automated solid phase extraction and fluorescence detection[J].Analyst,1998,123:1525-1527.
[20]Jiang H Y,Hou X L,Ding S Y,et al.Residue Depletion of Eprinomectin in Bovine Tissues after Subcutaneous Administration[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(23):9288-9292.
[21]Jiang H Y,Hou X L,Ding S Y,et al.Residue Depletion of Eprinomectin in Bovine Tissues after Subcutaneous Administration[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(23):9288-9292.
[22]江海洋,丁双阳,刘金凤,等.牛皮下注射爱普菌素注射剂后组织残留休药期的建立[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,(2):444-450.
[23]Cringoli G,Rinaldi L,Veneziano V,et al.Effectiveness of eprinomectin pour-on against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected goats[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,55(1-3):209-213.
[24]Aguirre D H,Gaido A B,Cafrune M M,et al.Eprinomectin pour-on for control of Boophilus microplus(Canestrini)ticks(Acari:Ixodidae)on cattle[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2005,127(2):157-163.
[25]Cringoli G,Rinaldi L,Veneziano V,et al.Efficacy of eprinomectin pour-on against gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2003,112(3):203-209.
[26]Cramer L G,Pitt S R,Rehbein S,et al.Persistent efficacy of topical eprinomectin against nematode parasites in cattle[J].Parasitology Research,2000,86(11):944-946.
[27]潘保良,汪明,王玉万,等.牛奶中埃谱利诺菌素(eprinomectin)荧光高效液相色谱检测方法的建立[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24(2):174-176.
[2]万红玲,昝林通,吴建平.牦牛肉品质特性研究进展[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2012,(1):36-40.
[3]青海省畜牧厅主编.青海省畜禽疫病志[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社.1993:196-297.
[4]殷铭阳,周东辉,刘建枝,等.中国牦牛主要寄生虫病流行现状及防控策略[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,(5):227-230.
[5]潘保良,汪明,王玉万,等.埃普利诺菌素研究进展[J].中国兽医寄生虫病,2003,11(2):59-62
[6]潘保良,汪明,王玉万,等.埃普利诺菌素注射剂对肉牛血虱的驱杀试验[J].动物医学进展,2003,24(5):119-120.
[7]蔡进忠,李春花,拉环,等.埃普利诺菌素浇泼剂对牦牛皮蝇幼虫驱除效果试验[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,2009,39(5):10-12.
[8]Shoop W L,Egerton gerton J R,Eary C H.Eprinomectin:a novel avermectin for use as a topical endectocide for cattle[J].International Journal for Parasitology,1996,26:1237-1242.
[9]Barth D,Hair A,Kunkle B N,et al.Efficacy of eprinomectin against mange mitesin cattle[J].American Journal of Vetrinary Research,1997,58(11):1257-1259.
[10]Wardhaugh K G,Mahon R J,Ahmad H B.Efficacy of macrocyclic lactones for the control of larvae of the Old World screw-worm fly(Chrysomyabezziana)[J].Australion Veterinary Journal,2001,79(2):120-124.
[11]Holste J E,Colwell D D,Kumar R.Efficacy of eprinomectin against hypoderma spp in cattle[J].American Journal of Vetrinary Research,1998,59(1):56-58.
[12]Shoop W,Michael B,Egerton J,et al.Titration of subcutaneously administered eprinomectin against mature and immature nematodes in cattle[J].The Journal of Parasitology,2001,87(6):1466-1469.
[13]Pitt S R,Langholff W K,Eagleson J S.The efficacy of eprinomectin against induced infections of immature(fourthlarvalstage)and adult nematode parasites in cattle[J].Veterinary Parasitol,1997,73(1-2):119-128.
[14]Chartier C,Etter E,Pors I.Activity of eprinomectin in goats against experimental infections with Haemontus contortus,Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis[J].Veterinary Record,1999,144(4):99-100.
[15]Alvinerie M,Sutra J F,Galtier P,et al.Pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin in plasma and milk following topical administration to lactating dairy cattle[J].Research in Veterinary Science,1999,67,(3):229-232.
[16]Bengone D T,Ba M A,Kane Y A.et al.Eprinomectin in dairy zebu Gobra cattle(Bos indicus):plasma kinetics and excretion in milk[J].Parasitology Research,2006,98(6):501-506.
[17]Dupuy J,Sutra J,Alvinerie M,et al.Plasma and milk kinetic of eprinomectin and moxidectin in lactating water buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis)[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2008,157,(3-4):284-290.
[18]Anastasio A,Veneziano V,Capurro E,et al.Fate of eprinomectin in goat milk and cheeses with different ripening times following pour-on administration[J].Journal of Food Protection,2005,68(5):1097-1101.
[19]Sutra J F,Chartier C,Galtier P,et al.Determination of eprinomectin in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with automated solid phase extraction and fluorescence detection[J].Analyst,1998,123:1525-1527.
[20]Jiang H Y,Hou X L,Ding S Y,et al.Residue Depletion of Eprinomectin in Bovine Tissues after Subcutaneous Administration[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(23):9288-9292.
[21]Jiang H Y,Hou X L,Ding S Y,et al.Residue Depletion of Eprinomectin in Bovine Tissues after Subcutaneous Administration[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2005,53(23):9288-9292.
[22]江海洋,丁双阳,刘金凤,等.牛皮下注射爱普菌素注射剂后组织残留休药期的建立[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,(2):444-450.
[23]Cringoli G,Rinaldi L,Veneziano V,et al.Effectiveness of eprinomectin pour-on against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected goats[J].Small Ruminant Research,2004,55(1-3):209-213.
[24]Aguirre D H,Gaido A B,Cafrune M M,et al.Eprinomectin pour-on for control of Boophilus microplus(Canestrini)ticks(Acari:Ixodidae)on cattle[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2005,127(2):157-163.
[25]Cringoli G,Rinaldi L,Veneziano V,et al.Efficacy of eprinomectin pour-on against gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2003,112(3):203-209.
[26]Cramer L G,Pitt S R,Rehbein S,et al.Persistent efficacy of topical eprinomectin against nematode parasites in cattle[J].Parasitology Research,2000,86(11):944-946.
[27]潘保良,汪明,王玉万,等.牛奶中埃谱利诺菌素(eprinomectin)荧光高效液相色谱检测方法的建立[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24(2):174-176.