微弧氧化技术在热控涂层中的应用
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摘要
热控涂层在航空、航天及其他许多领域有着广泛的应用。介绍了热控涂层的工作原理和热控涂层类型,着重论述了微弧氧化技术在钛、镁、铝合金表面制备热控涂层的研究现状,目前高吸收发射比的钛、镁、铝合金热控涂层的最大吸收率分别可以达到0.96、0.94、0.90,最大发射率分别可以达到0.95、0.87、0.90;低吸收发射比的钛、镁、镁锂合金涂层的吸收率分别可以达到0.237、0.35、0.33,发射率分别可以达到0.99、0.88、0.85。此外,还分析了涂层的组成结构和形貌,以及微弧氧化工艺条件对热控性能的影响。微弧氧化热控涂层的组成结构和形貌特征可以通过电解液配方和工艺参数调整来进行调控。适当延长反应时间、增加电流密度,涂层厚度增加、粗糙度变大,高吸收发射比涂层的吸收率和发射率升高,低吸收发射比涂层的吸收率降低、发射率升高。电解液中添加阴、阳离子或纳米/微米颗粒,或调控不同组分在微弧氧化涂层中的分布,对于改善涂层的吸收率和发射率具有重要作用。最后,从微弧氧化热控涂层的综合性能、实际应用环境、复合技术应用以及开发微弧氧化智能热控涂层四个方面进行了展望。
Thermal control coatings are widely used in aviation, aerospace and many other fields. In this paper, the working principle and types of thermal control coatings are introduced. The present research status of thermal control coatings on Ti, Mg and Al alloys by micro arc oxidation is emphatically discussed. At present, the maximum absorptivity of Ti, Mg and Al alloy thermal control coatings with high absorption emission ratio can reach 0.96, 0.94, 0.90, respectively; the maximum emissivity can reach 0.95, 0.87, 0.90, respectively. The absorptivity of Ti, Mg and Mg-Li alloy coatings with low absorption emission ratio can reach 0.237, 0.35, 0.33, respectively; the emissivity can reach 0.99, 0.88, 0.85, respectively. In addition, the composition,structure and morphology of the coating and the effect of micro-arc oxidation process conditions on the thermal control performance are also analyzed. The composition, structure and morphology characteristics of micro-arc oxidation thermal control coatings can be controlled by adjusting the electrolyte formulation and process parameters. When the reaction time is prolonged,the current density is increased, the thickness of the coating is increased, the roughness is increased, the absorptivity and emissivity of the coating with high absorption emission ratio are increased, the absorptivity and emissivity of the coating with low absorption emission ratio are decreased and the emissivity is increased. The addition of anions, cations or nano/micron particles in the electrolyte, or the regulation of the distribution of different components in the micro-arc oxidation coating plays an important role in improving the absorptivity and emissivity of the coating. Finally, the comprehensive properties of micro-arc oxidation thermal control coatings, the practical application environment, the application of composite technology, and the development of intelligent micro-arc oxidation thermal control coatings are prospected.
Thermal control coatings are widely used in aviation, aerospace and many other fields. In this paper, the working principle and types of thermal control coatings are introduced. The present research status of thermal control coatings on Ti, Mg and Al alloys by micro arc oxidation is emphatically discussed. At present, the maximum absorptivity of Ti, Mg and Al alloy thermal control coatings with high absorption emission ratio can reach 0.96, 0.94, 0.90, respectively; the maximum emissivity can reach 0.95, 0.87, 0.90, respectively. The absorptivity of Ti, Mg and Mg-Li alloy coatings with low absorption emission ratio can reach 0.237, 0.35, 0.33, respectively; the emissivity can reach 0.99, 0.88, 0.85, respectively. In addition, the composition,structure and morphology of the coating and the effect of micro-arc oxidation process conditions on the thermal control performance are also analyzed. The composition, structure and morphology characteristics of micro-arc oxidation thermal control coatings can be controlled by adjusting the electrolyte formulation and process parameters. When the reaction time is prolonged,the current density is increased, the thickness of the coating is increased, the roughness is increased, the absorptivity and emissivity of the coating with high absorption emission ratio are increased, the absorptivity and emissivity of the coating with low absorption emission ratio are decreased and the emissivity is increased. The addition of anions, cations or nano/micron particles in the electrolyte, or the regulation of the distribution of different components in the micro-arc oxidation coating plays an important role in improving the absorptivity and emissivity of the coating. Finally, the comprehensive properties of micro-arc oxidation thermal control coatings, the practical application environment, the application of composite technology, and the development of intelligent micro-arc oxidation thermal control coatings are prospected.
引文
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