易地扶贫搬迁农户宅基地复垦利益诉求分析
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摘要
以贵州省金沙县坪坝镇双兴社区易地扶贫搬迁安置点为典型案例,对城镇集中安置型农户宅基地复垦权益诉求进行调查分析.调查结果显示,该安置点户主年龄偏大,受教育水平较低,近70%的户主在村内或乡镇范围内就业;搬迁农户户均宅基地面积为148 m~2左右,其中低收入农户宅基地面积最大,中等收入农户最小;高收入农户宅基地内部结构更强调其居住功能,而中低收入农户兼顾其生产功能.搬迁农户宅基地复垦的利益诉求主要集中在养老、失业、医疗等保障方面,且农户收入水平越高,其政策认知能力越强.因此,除对搬迁农户进行就业培训之外,应设置一定量的公益性兜底就业岗位,实现搬迁农户从"传统自给型农业就业"向"城镇型现代多元化就业"转型.同时,完善搬迁农户宅基地复垦之后的农村养老保险、最低生活保障、农村新型合作医疗保险等与城镇居民各类社会保障制度的衔接和转换机制,加强搬迁农户的后续扶持政策,真正实现搬迁农户"稳得住、逐步能致富"的脱贫目标.
A typical case of the resettlement site has been taken in this paper for poverty alleviation in the Shuangxing Community of Pingba Town, Jinsha County, Guizhou Province. and an investigation and analysis made on the rights and interests of residential land reclamation of rural households in urban centralized resettlement area. The results show that the head of household in the settlement was older and had a lower level of education, and nearly 70% of the heads of household were employed in villages or towns. The average residential land area of the relocated households is 148 m~2, the area of low-income farmer households is the largest, and the middle-income farmer is the smallest. The internal structure of high-income rural households emphasizes their residential functions, while low-and-middle-income rural households take into account their production functions. The interests of reclaiming homestead are mainly focused on pension, unemployment, medical care and other aspects, and the higher the income level, the stronger the policy cognitive ability. Therefore, in addition to training the displaced farmers in employment, It is suggested that the rural pension insurance, the minimum living security, the new rural cooperative medical insurance and the various social security systems of the relocated households should be improved. The paper believes that the strengthening of follow-up support policies for relocated households will truly achieve the poverty reduction goal of relocating rural households to "steady and gradually become rich".
A typical case of the resettlement site has been taken in this paper for poverty alleviation in the Shuangxing Community of Pingba Town, Jinsha County, Guizhou Province. and an investigation and analysis made on the rights and interests of residential land reclamation of rural households in urban centralized resettlement area. The results show that the head of household in the settlement was older and had a lower level of education, and nearly 70% of the heads of household were employed in villages or towns. The average residential land area of the relocated households is 148 m~2, the area of low-income farmer households is the largest, and the middle-income farmer is the smallest. The internal structure of high-income rural households emphasizes their residential functions, while low-and-middle-income rural households take into account their production functions. The interests of reclaiming homestead are mainly focused on pension, unemployment, medical care and other aspects, and the higher the income level, the stronger the policy cognitive ability. Therefore, in addition to training the displaced farmers in employment, It is suggested that the rural pension insurance, the minimum living security, the new rural cooperative medical insurance and the various social security systems of the relocated households should be improved. The paper believes that the strengthening of follow-up support policies for relocated households will truly achieve the poverty reduction goal of relocating rural households to "steady and gradually become rich".
引文
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[10] 陈方, 阎建忠, 李惠莲. 基于农户生计活动的生计策略类型划分——以重庆市典型区为例 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 39(11): 113-119.
[11] 谢诗雨, 徐定德, 彭立, 等. 三峡库区就地后靠移民与原住民生计资本特征及差异分析——以重庆市万州区为例 [J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 41(8): 80-86.
[12] 王静, 于战平, 李卉. 农户宅基地退出意愿及其影响因素分析——基于王口镇和独流镇的调查 [J]. 农村经济, 2015(1): 33-37.
[2] 孙雪峰, 朱新华, 陈利根. 不同经济发展水平地区农户宅基地退出意愿及其影响机制研究 [J]. 江苏社会科学, 2016(2): 56-63.
[3] 黄敏, 杜伟. 基于Probit二元选择模型的农村宅基地退出意愿研究 [J]. 四川师范大学学报(社会科学版): 2017, 44(5): 64-69.
[4] 张秋琴, 罗海波, 严金明, 等. 农村宅基地退出意愿调查与可行性评价——以贵州省样本区为例 [J]. 国土资源科技管理, 2014, 31(4): 6-14.
[5] 杨玉珍. 农户宅基地利用状况、 腾退意愿及利益诉求——对河南省1105个样本农户的调查 [J]. 现代经济探讨, 2013(4): 65-69.
[6] 张勇. 农民工退出宅基地的意愿、 诉求及引导建议 [J]. 中州学刊, 2018(3): 45-50.
[7] 何得桂, 党国英. 秦巴山集中连片特困地区大规模避灾移民搬迁政策效应提升研究——以陕南为例 [J]. 西北人口, 2015, 36(6): 99-105.
[8] 彭玮. 当前易地扶贫搬迁工作存在的问题及对策建议——基于湖北省的调研分析 [J]. 农村经济, 2017(3): 26-30.
[9] 曾小溪, 汪三贵. 易地扶贫搬迁情况分析与思考 [J]. 河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2017, 19(2): 60-66, 91.
[10] 陈方, 阎建忠, 李惠莲. 基于农户生计活动的生计策略类型划分——以重庆市典型区为例 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 39(11): 113-119.
[11] 谢诗雨, 徐定德, 彭立, 等. 三峡库区就地后靠移民与原住民生计资本特征及差异分析——以重庆市万州区为例 [J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 41(8): 80-86.
[12] 王静, 于战平, 李卉. 农户宅基地退出意愿及其影响因素分析——基于王口镇和独流镇的调查 [J]. 农村经济, 2015(1): 33-37.