长江口潮滩地带典型盐沼植被光谱特征分析
|
摘要
以长江口典型盐沼植被为研究对象,考虑不同盐沼植被类型、盖度、土壤类型、土壤湿度以及高中低潮滩地形分布因素,分别在崇明东滩国家级自然保护区、崇明北湖边滩、南汇边滩设置光谱测量样带和样方,使用ASD光谱仪进行现场光谱测量,分析不同植被盖度、土壤下垫面、潮位条件下典型盐沼植被的光谱特征反射曲线。研究结果表明:同一类型盐沼植被的光谱反射率差异是由植被盖度和下垫面共同导致的。在相同土壤背景下,光谱反射率与植被盖度在可见光波段相关系数接近-1.00,呈负相关,在近红外波段相关系数接近0.99,呈正相关。不同潮滩土壤背景,盐沼植被光谱反射率有明显差异。在可见光波段,土壤下垫面对植被光谱反射率影响较大,而在近红外波段的影响则较小。植被盖度越小,其反射光谱受土壤下垫面影响越大。盐沼植被与潮位的相关系数最大可达0.97,低潮位时植被反射光谱高于无潮汐时的光谱,且呈现随潮位升高反射率增大的趋势;当潮位上涨到一定高度,植被反射光谱低于无潮汐时的光谱,且呈现随潮位的升高而下降的趋势。
To consider different vegetation types, coverage, soil types, soil moisture, and gradient elevation of a tidal flat so as to determine the effect of the tide, three typical saltmarsh vegetation types in the Yangtze Estuary were chosen as research objects. Vegetation transects and samples(1 m×1 m) were selected for the above factors, and the growth environment of the saltmarsh was simulated. An ASD Fieldspec HandHeld 2 was used to measure the spectrum of the saltmarsh vegetation canopy; then the spectral reflectance and the first derivative(350-950 nm) were calculated, and correlations between coverage/soil/tidal level and spectral reflectance were analyzed. Results showed that vegetation coverage and the underlying surface greatly affected spectral reflectance of the saltmarsh. For the same soil conditions, spectral reflectance of different saltmarsh vegetation coverages in the visible light band was negatively correlated(r≈-1.00) with coverage and in the near infrared positively correlated(r≈0.99). For both low coverages and high coverages, spectral reflectance of different soil types in the visible light band was positively correlated(r≈0.97) but in the near infrared was less correlated. The saltmarsh and tidal level were significantly correlated(r ≈0.97). Also spectral reflectance of the saltmarsh at high tide was higher than at low tide, and the reflectance increased as the tide rose. When the tide level rose to a certain height, spectral reflectance of the saltmarsh was lower than without a tide, and this generally decreased as the tide level fell. The effect of vetegation coverage, underlying(soil types and soil moisture) should not be ignored when monitoring saltmarsh vegetation.
To consider different vegetation types, coverage, soil types, soil moisture, and gradient elevation of a tidal flat so as to determine the effect of the tide, three typical saltmarsh vegetation types in the Yangtze Estuary were chosen as research objects. Vegetation transects and samples(1 m×1 m) were selected for the above factors, and the growth environment of the saltmarsh was simulated. An ASD Fieldspec HandHeld 2 was used to measure the spectrum of the saltmarsh vegetation canopy; then the spectral reflectance and the first derivative(350-950 nm) were calculated, and correlations between coverage/soil/tidal level and spectral reflectance were analyzed. Results showed that vegetation coverage and the underlying surface greatly affected spectral reflectance of the saltmarsh. For the same soil conditions, spectral reflectance of different saltmarsh vegetation coverages in the visible light band was negatively correlated(r≈-1.00) with coverage and in the near infrared positively correlated(r≈0.99). For both low coverages and high coverages, spectral reflectance of different soil types in the visible light band was positively correlated(r≈0.97) but in the near infrared was less correlated. The saltmarsh and tidal level were significantly correlated(r ≈0.97). Also spectral reflectance of the saltmarsh at high tide was higher than at low tide, and the reflectance increased as the tide rose. When the tide level rose to a certain height, spectral reflectance of the saltmarsh was lower than without a tide, and this generally decreased as the tide level fell. The effect of vetegation coverage, underlying(soil types and soil moisture) should not be ignored when monitoring saltmarsh vegetation.
引文
[1]陈吉余,程和琴,戴志军.滩涂湿地利用与保护的协调发展探讨:以上海市为例[J].中国工程科学, 2007, 9(6):11-17.CHEN Jiyu, CHENG Heqin, DAI Zhijun. Compatibility of utilization and protection of tidal flat and wetland:a case study in Shanghai Area[J]. Eng Sci, 2007, 9(6):11-17.
[2] COSTANZA R, d’ARGE R, de GROOT R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Ecol Econ, 1998, 25(1):3-15.
[3]马安娜,陆健健.湿地生态系统碳通量研究进展[J].湿地科学, 2008, 2(6):116-123.MA Anna, LU Jianjian. The progress of research on carbon flux in wetland ecosystems[J]. Wetland Sci, 2008, 2(6):116-123.
[4]胡嘉东,郑丙辉,万峻.潮间带湿地栖息地功能退化评价方法研究与应用[J].环境科学研究, 2009, 22(2):171HU Jiadong, ZHENG Binghui, WAN Jun. Studies and application of an assessment model of the habitat function degradation in the intertidal wetland[J]. Res Environ Sci, 2009, 22(2):171-175.
[5]陈秀芝,孙瑛.中国特有盐沼植物:海三棱藨草的现状及保护利用[J].湿地科学与管理, 2011, 7(1):60-63.CHEN Xiuzhi, SUN Ying. Chinese endemic salt marsh piant:bulrush(Scirpus mariqueter), current status of its conservation and utilization[J]. Wetlang Sci Manage, 2011, 7(1):60-63.
[6]张晓龙,李培英,李萍,等.中国滨海湿地研究现状与展望[J].海洋科学进展, 2005, 23(1):87-95.ZHANG Xiaolong, LI Peiying, LI Ping, et al. Present conditions and prospects of study on coastal wetlands in China[J]. Adv Marine Sci, 2005, 23(1):87-95.
[7]李青山,张华鹏,崔勇,等.湿地功能的研究进展[J].科学技术与工程, 2004, 4(11):41-42.LI Qingshan, ZHANG Huapeng, CUI Yong, et al. A prospect for study on functions of wetland[J]. Sci Tecchnol Eng,2004, 4(11):41-42.
[8]季子修,蒋自巽,朱季文,等.海平面上升对长江三角洲和苏北滨海平原海岸侵蚀的可能影响[J].地理学报,1993, 4(6):516-526.JI Zixiu, JIANG Zixun, ZHU Jiwen, et al. Impacts of sea level rise on coastal erosion in the Changjiang Delata and North Jiangsu Coastal Plain[J]. Acta Geogr Sin, 1993, 4(6):516-526.
[9] TIAN Bo, WU Wenting, YANG Zhaoqing, et al. Drivers, trends, and potential impacts of long-term coastal reclamation in China from 1985 to 2010[J]. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci, 2016, 170:83-90.
[10]黄华梅.上海滩涂盐沼植被的分布格局和时空动态研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2009.HUANG Huamei. A Research on Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Salt Marsh Vegetation at the Intertidal Zone in Shanghai[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2009.
[11]朱春娇,田波,周云轩,等.基于Markov和CLUE-S模型的浦东新区湿地演变遥感分析与预测[J].复旦学报(自然科学版), 2015, 54(4):431-438.ZHU Chunjiao, TIAN Bo, ZHOU Yunxuan, et al. Wetland change analysis and forecasting in Pudong New Area Using Markov and CLUE-S Model[J]. J Fudan Univ Nat Sci, 2015, 54(4):431-438.
[12]赖婷,杨为民,田波.遥感与GIS支持下杭州湾北岸湿地空间威胁性分析与评价研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版), 2013, 52(3):356-362.LAI Ting, YANG Weimin, TIAN Bo. A GIS and remote sensing based analysis of wetland spatial threat in the North Hangzhou Bay[J]. J Fudan Univ Nat Sci, 2013, 52(3):356-362.
[13]黄华梅,张利权,袁琳.崇明东滩自然保护区盐沼植被的时空动态[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(10):4166-4172.HUANG Huamei, ZHANG Liquan, YUAN Lin. The spatio-temporal dynamics of salt marsh vegetation for Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve, Shanghai[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2007, 27(10):4166-4172.
[14]张杰.长江口潮滩植被检测及时空变化的遥感研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2007.ZHANG Jie. Remote Sensing Study on Vegetation Detection and Temporal Change of Tidal Flat in the Yangtze River Estuary[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2007.
[15]刘克,赵文吉,郭逍宇,等.野鸭湖典型湿地植物光谱特征[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(21):5853-5861.LIU Ke, ZHAO Wenji, GUO Xiaoyu, et al. Spectral bands of typical wetland vegetation in the Wild Duck Lake[J].Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30(21):5853-5861.
[16] GOVENDER M, CHETTY K, BULCOCK H. A review of hyperspectral remote sensing and its application in vegetation and water resource studies[J]. Water S A, 2007, 33(2):145-151.
[17] BELLUCO E, CAMUFFO M, FERRARI S, et al. Mapping salt-marsh vegetation by multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing[J]. Remote Sense Environ, 2006, 105(1):54-67.
[18]刘建平,赵英时.高光谱遥感数据解译的最佳波段选择方法研究[J].中国科学院大学学报, 1999, 16(2):153-161.LIU Jianping, ZHAO Yingshi. Methods on optimal bands seletion in hyperspectral remote sensing data interpretation[J]. J Grad Sch Acad Sin, 1999, 16(2):153-161.
[19] SCHMIDT K S, SKIDMORE A K. Spectral discrimination of vegetation types in a coastal wetland[J]. Remote Sens Environ, 2003, 85(1):92-108.
[20]林川,宫兆宁,赵文吉,等.基于光谱特征变量的湿地典型植物生态类型识别方法:以北京野鸭湖湿地为例[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(4):1172-1185.LIN Chuan, GONG Zhaoning, ZHAO Wenji, et al. Identifying typical plant ecological types based on spectral characteristic variables:a case study in Wild Duck Lake wetland, Beijing[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2013, 33(4):1172-1185.
[21]李亚丹,杜华强,周国模,等.雷竹叶绿素与高光谱植被指数关系及其反演模型[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015, 32(3):335-345.LI Yadan, DU Huaqiang, ZHOU Guomo, et al. Chlorophyll content in Phyllostachys violascens related to hyper-spectral vegetation indices and development of an inversion model[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2015, 32(3):335-345.
[22]高占国,张利权.上海盐沼植被的多季相地面光谱测量与分析[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(3):793-800.GAO Zhanguo, ZHANG Liquan. Measuring and analyzing of the multi-seasonal spectral characteristics for saltmarsh vegetation in Shanghai[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2006, 26(3):793-800.
[23]高占国.长江口盐沼植被的光谱特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2006.GAO Zhanguo. Spectral Characteristics of Salt Marsh Vegetation in the Yangtze River Estuary[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2006.
[24]刘光,唐鹏,蔡占庆,等.水体背景对湿地水生植物冠层光谱影响研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(10):2970-2976.LIU Guang, TANG Peng, CAI Zhanqing, et al. A study on effect of water background on canopy spectral of wetland aquatic plant[J]. Spectrosc Spectrol Anal, 2015, 35(10):2970-2976.
[25]舒敏彦.海岸带盐沼植被指数构建研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2017.SHU Minyan. A New Remote Sensing Vegetation Index for Coastal Saltmarsh Wetland[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2017
[26]金仲辉.绿色植物反射光谱的特征及其在监测农作物生长中的应用[J].物理, 1993, 22(11):673-678.JIN Zhonghui. Characteristics of reflectance spectra for green plants and their application in inspecting the growth of the crop[J]. Physics, 1993, 22(11):673-678.
[27] HUETE A R. A soil-adjusted vegetation index(SAVI)[J]. Remote Sense Environ, 1988, 25(3):295-309.
[2] COSTANZA R, d’ARGE R, de GROOT R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Ecol Econ, 1998, 25(1):3-15.
[3]马安娜,陆健健.湿地生态系统碳通量研究进展[J].湿地科学, 2008, 2(6):116-123.MA Anna, LU Jianjian. The progress of research on carbon flux in wetland ecosystems[J]. Wetland Sci, 2008, 2(6):116-123.
[4]胡嘉东,郑丙辉,万峻.潮间带湿地栖息地功能退化评价方法研究与应用[J].环境科学研究, 2009, 22(2):171HU Jiadong, ZHENG Binghui, WAN Jun. Studies and application of an assessment model of the habitat function degradation in the intertidal wetland[J]. Res Environ Sci, 2009, 22(2):171-175.
[5]陈秀芝,孙瑛.中国特有盐沼植物:海三棱藨草的现状及保护利用[J].湿地科学与管理, 2011, 7(1):60-63.CHEN Xiuzhi, SUN Ying. Chinese endemic salt marsh piant:bulrush(Scirpus mariqueter), current status of its conservation and utilization[J]. Wetlang Sci Manage, 2011, 7(1):60-63.
[6]张晓龙,李培英,李萍,等.中国滨海湿地研究现状与展望[J].海洋科学进展, 2005, 23(1):87-95.ZHANG Xiaolong, LI Peiying, LI Ping, et al. Present conditions and prospects of study on coastal wetlands in China[J]. Adv Marine Sci, 2005, 23(1):87-95.
[7]李青山,张华鹏,崔勇,等.湿地功能的研究进展[J].科学技术与工程, 2004, 4(11):41-42.LI Qingshan, ZHANG Huapeng, CUI Yong, et al. A prospect for study on functions of wetland[J]. Sci Tecchnol Eng,2004, 4(11):41-42.
[8]季子修,蒋自巽,朱季文,等.海平面上升对长江三角洲和苏北滨海平原海岸侵蚀的可能影响[J].地理学报,1993, 4(6):516-526.JI Zixiu, JIANG Zixun, ZHU Jiwen, et al. Impacts of sea level rise on coastal erosion in the Changjiang Delata and North Jiangsu Coastal Plain[J]. Acta Geogr Sin, 1993, 4(6):516-526.
[9] TIAN Bo, WU Wenting, YANG Zhaoqing, et al. Drivers, trends, and potential impacts of long-term coastal reclamation in China from 1985 to 2010[J]. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci, 2016, 170:83-90.
[10]黄华梅.上海滩涂盐沼植被的分布格局和时空动态研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2009.HUANG Huamei. A Research on Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Salt Marsh Vegetation at the Intertidal Zone in Shanghai[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2009.
[11]朱春娇,田波,周云轩,等.基于Markov和CLUE-S模型的浦东新区湿地演变遥感分析与预测[J].复旦学报(自然科学版), 2015, 54(4):431-438.ZHU Chunjiao, TIAN Bo, ZHOU Yunxuan, et al. Wetland change analysis and forecasting in Pudong New Area Using Markov and CLUE-S Model[J]. J Fudan Univ Nat Sci, 2015, 54(4):431-438.
[12]赖婷,杨为民,田波.遥感与GIS支持下杭州湾北岸湿地空间威胁性分析与评价研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版), 2013, 52(3):356-362.LAI Ting, YANG Weimin, TIAN Bo. A GIS and remote sensing based analysis of wetland spatial threat in the North Hangzhou Bay[J]. J Fudan Univ Nat Sci, 2013, 52(3):356-362.
[13]黄华梅,张利权,袁琳.崇明东滩自然保护区盐沼植被的时空动态[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(10):4166-4172.HUANG Huamei, ZHANG Liquan, YUAN Lin. The spatio-temporal dynamics of salt marsh vegetation for Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve, Shanghai[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2007, 27(10):4166-4172.
[14]张杰.长江口潮滩植被检测及时空变化的遥感研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2007.ZHANG Jie. Remote Sensing Study on Vegetation Detection and Temporal Change of Tidal Flat in the Yangtze River Estuary[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2007.
[15]刘克,赵文吉,郭逍宇,等.野鸭湖典型湿地植物光谱特征[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(21):5853-5861.LIU Ke, ZHAO Wenji, GUO Xiaoyu, et al. Spectral bands of typical wetland vegetation in the Wild Duck Lake[J].Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30(21):5853-5861.
[16] GOVENDER M, CHETTY K, BULCOCK H. A review of hyperspectral remote sensing and its application in vegetation and water resource studies[J]. Water S A, 2007, 33(2):145-151.
[17] BELLUCO E, CAMUFFO M, FERRARI S, et al. Mapping salt-marsh vegetation by multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing[J]. Remote Sense Environ, 2006, 105(1):54-67.
[18]刘建平,赵英时.高光谱遥感数据解译的最佳波段选择方法研究[J].中国科学院大学学报, 1999, 16(2):153-161.LIU Jianping, ZHAO Yingshi. Methods on optimal bands seletion in hyperspectral remote sensing data interpretation[J]. J Grad Sch Acad Sin, 1999, 16(2):153-161.
[19] SCHMIDT K S, SKIDMORE A K. Spectral discrimination of vegetation types in a coastal wetland[J]. Remote Sens Environ, 2003, 85(1):92-108.
[20]林川,宫兆宁,赵文吉,等.基于光谱特征变量的湿地典型植物生态类型识别方法:以北京野鸭湖湿地为例[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(4):1172-1185.LIN Chuan, GONG Zhaoning, ZHAO Wenji, et al. Identifying typical plant ecological types based on spectral characteristic variables:a case study in Wild Duck Lake wetland, Beijing[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2013, 33(4):1172-1185.
[21]李亚丹,杜华强,周国模,等.雷竹叶绿素与高光谱植被指数关系及其反演模型[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015, 32(3):335-345.LI Yadan, DU Huaqiang, ZHOU Guomo, et al. Chlorophyll content in Phyllostachys violascens related to hyper-spectral vegetation indices and development of an inversion model[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2015, 32(3):335-345.
[22]高占国,张利权.上海盐沼植被的多季相地面光谱测量与分析[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(3):793-800.GAO Zhanguo, ZHANG Liquan. Measuring and analyzing of the multi-seasonal spectral characteristics for saltmarsh vegetation in Shanghai[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2006, 26(3):793-800.
[23]高占国.长江口盐沼植被的光谱特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2006.GAO Zhanguo. Spectral Characteristics of Salt Marsh Vegetation in the Yangtze River Estuary[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2006.
[24]刘光,唐鹏,蔡占庆,等.水体背景对湿地水生植物冠层光谱影响研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2015, 35(10):2970-2976.LIU Guang, TANG Peng, CAI Zhanqing, et al. A study on effect of water background on canopy spectral of wetland aquatic plant[J]. Spectrosc Spectrol Anal, 2015, 35(10):2970-2976.
[25]舒敏彦.海岸带盐沼植被指数构建研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2017.SHU Minyan. A New Remote Sensing Vegetation Index for Coastal Saltmarsh Wetland[D]. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2017
[26]金仲辉.绿色植物反射光谱的特征及其在监测农作物生长中的应用[J].物理, 1993, 22(11):673-678.JIN Zhonghui. Characteristics of reflectance spectra for green plants and their application in inspecting the growth of the crop[J]. Physics, 1993, 22(11):673-678.
[27] HUETE A R. A soil-adjusted vegetation index(SAVI)[J]. Remote Sense Environ, 1988, 25(3):295-309.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |