基于城市规划不同模式的战略环境评价研究
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摘要
本文从城市规划的基本理论、学术思想、实践情况及规划重点等方面,归纳了城市规划的三种主要模式—综合理性规划、渐进主义规划及倡导式规划的基本特点。基于这三种规划模式,本文提出相应的战略环境评价模式—综合理性战略环境评价、互动式战略环境评价及协作式战略环境评价。综合理性战略环境评价为城市规划过程与内容的重要组成部分,需在早期就介入城市规划,参与确定功能定位、发展方向、空间结构与布局等重大决策;互动式战略环境评价,强调在渐进式的规划过程中,规划师与评价者有全程的互动交流和及时的信息反馈,需对城市规划进行"贴身"的实时评价;协作式战略环境评价,需积极促进环保与规划部门及其他相关部门间的交流、公众参与,以及各利益相关方之间的信息共享和充分及时的沟通与学习,尽可能照顾到各相关方利益并使综合效益最大化。对城市规划的不同模式进行相应的战略环境评价可以实现资源的合理利用,促进城市规划与战略环境评价的和谐、持续发展。
This paper summarizes the three key features of urban planning model—comprehensive urban planning, incremental urban planning and advocacy urban planning based on the theory, the academic thought, social practice, the key issues of urban planning and so on. Then, this article put forward three corresponding strategic environmental impact assessment models(SEA)-Comprehensive SEA, Interactive SEA and Corporative SEA. Comprehensive SEA, as an important component of urban planning, should get involved in the early stage to participate in decisive making of the major problems, such as the function orientation setting and the development of the city and the outlay of the city. And at the same time, it provides environmental dates for the key steps or contents of the urban planning. In the process of urban planning, Interactive SEA focuses on the fully interactive communication and the feedback of the information in time and should carry out realtime evaluation. Corporative SEA should actively promote the communication of all departments, the participation of the public and the timely feedback of all kinds of information and attend to all interest related groups as much as possible and make for the best of the whole community. Applying different SEA models to different urban planning models is conductive to the reasonable utilization of resources and the sustainable development.
This paper summarizes the three key features of urban planning model—comprehensive urban planning, incremental urban planning and advocacy urban planning based on the theory, the academic thought, social practice, the key issues of urban planning and so on. Then, this article put forward three corresponding strategic environmental impact assessment models(SEA)-Comprehensive SEA, Interactive SEA and Corporative SEA. Comprehensive SEA, as an important component of urban planning, should get involved in the early stage to participate in decisive making of the major problems, such as the function orientation setting and the development of the city and the outlay of the city. And at the same time, it provides environmental dates for the key steps or contents of the urban planning. In the process of urban planning, Interactive SEA focuses on the fully interactive communication and the feedback of the information in time and should carry out realtime evaluation. Corporative SEA should actively promote the communication of all departments, the participation of the public and the timely feedback of all kinds of information and attend to all interest related groups as much as possible and make for the best of the whole community. Applying different SEA models to different urban planning models is conductive to the reasonable utilization of resources and the sustainable development.
引文
[1]翟宝辉.论城市规划的系统性本质[J].城市规划汇刊,2004,15(6):21-26.
[2]王克强,马祖琦,石忆邵.城市规划原理[M].上海财经大学出版社,2011.
[3]尚金城,包存宽.战略环境评价导论[M].科学出版社,2 0 0 3.
[4]Slungel D,Loayza F.Greening growth through strategic environmental assessment of sector reforms[J].Public administration and development,2012,32:245-261.
[5]尼格尔·泰勒著;李白玉,陈贞译.1945年后西方城市规划理论的流变[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[6]刘昆轶,栢巍.城市规划理论演进的思想溯源[J].上海城市规划,2008,27(1):9-15.
[7]吴强.现代城市规划方法论的演变和发展[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报,2002,10(1):33-37.
[8]李强,杨开忠,张鲸.西方现代城市规划模式变迁[J].城市问题,2004,119:70-74.
[9]李强,张鲸,杨开忠.理性的综合城市规划模式在西方的百年历程[J].城市规划汇刊,2003,148:76-82.
[10]侯波.城市规划的渐进决策模式探析[D].吉林大学.硕士学位论文,2008.
[11]刘刚,王兰.协作式规划评价指标及芝加哥大都市区框架规划评析[J].国际城市规划,2009,24(6):34-39.
[12]曹康,王晖.从工具理性到交往理性-现代城市规划思想内核与理论的变迁[J].城市规划,2009,33(9):44-51.
[13]李天威,李巍.政策层面战略环境评价理论方法与实践经验[M].科学出版社,2008.
[14]王晶日,王东明,张华.城市规划的战略环境影响评价方法研究[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(6):35-38.
[15]于涨.Davidoff的倡导性城市规划理论[J].国外城市规划,2000,1,30-33.
[16]王华春,周李.公众参与城市规划的程序与制度逻辑[J].改革,2008,10(176):134-140.
[17]邹方.倡导规划在城市规划中的运用[J].科技咨询导报,2007,23-38.
[18]卢小丽,赵奥,王晓岭.公众参与自然资源管理的实践模式-基于国内外典型案例的对比研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(7):172-176.
(1)《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》规定实施的规划环境影响评价(简称为“规划环评”)属规划层次的战略环境评价;而战略环境评价是一个概念范畴,通常包含了政策、规划、计划等不同层次。在本文中,将战略环境评价与规划环评视为相似概念,可互用。
[2]王克强,马祖琦,石忆邵.城市规划原理[M].上海财经大学出版社,2011.
[3]尚金城,包存宽.战略环境评价导论[M].科学出版社,2 0 0 3.
[4]Slungel D,Loayza F.Greening growth through strategic environmental assessment of sector reforms[J].Public administration and development,2012,32:245-261.
[5]尼格尔·泰勒著;李白玉,陈贞译.1945年后西方城市规划理论的流变[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[6]刘昆轶,栢巍.城市规划理论演进的思想溯源[J].上海城市规划,2008,27(1):9-15.
[7]吴强.现代城市规划方法论的演变和发展[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报,2002,10(1):33-37.
[8]李强,杨开忠,张鲸.西方现代城市规划模式变迁[J].城市问题,2004,119:70-74.
[9]李强,张鲸,杨开忠.理性的综合城市规划模式在西方的百年历程[J].城市规划汇刊,2003,148:76-82.
[10]侯波.城市规划的渐进决策模式探析[D].吉林大学.硕士学位论文,2008.
[11]刘刚,王兰.协作式规划评价指标及芝加哥大都市区框架规划评析[J].国际城市规划,2009,24(6):34-39.
[12]曹康,王晖.从工具理性到交往理性-现代城市规划思想内核与理论的变迁[J].城市规划,2009,33(9):44-51.
[13]李天威,李巍.政策层面战略环境评价理论方法与实践经验[M].科学出版社,2008.
[14]王晶日,王东明,张华.城市规划的战略环境影响评价方法研究[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(6):35-38.
[15]于涨.Davidoff的倡导性城市规划理论[J].国外城市规划,2000,1,30-33.
[16]王华春,周李.公众参与城市规划的程序与制度逻辑[J].改革,2008,10(176):134-140.
[17]邹方.倡导规划在城市规划中的运用[J].科技咨询导报,2007,23-38.
[18]卢小丽,赵奥,王晓岭.公众参与自然资源管理的实践模式-基于国内外典型案例的对比研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(7):172-176.
(1)《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》规定实施的规划环境影响评价(简称为“规划环评”)属规划层次的战略环境评价;而战略环境评价是一个概念范畴,通常包含了政策、规划、计划等不同层次。在本文中,将战略环境评价与规划环评视为相似概念,可互用。