鄂尔多斯盆地盐池地区中生界油藏分布规律及成藏主控因素
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摘要
基于井震结合,精细刻画低级序断层特征,分区带分析油藏类型及分布,研究中生界油藏的成藏主控因素。研究结果表明,研究区自西向东依次发育西缘冲断带、过渡带及天环拗陷带3个区带。西缘冲断带大断层发育,构造起伏大,主要发育断块油藏,油层分布层位分散,油藏规模较小,孤立分布。过渡带低幅度构造、低级序断层发育,低级序断层主要为早白垩世末之前形成的逆断层(Ⅰ期),少数为古新世(Ⅱ期)形成; Ⅰ期断层早于中生界油藏的主成藏期,断层的封闭与否关乎油藏的形成及流体分布,油藏类型主要为构造-岩性油藏,局部形成连片。天环拗陷带油藏以岩性油藏为主,大面积连片分布。过渡带、天环拗陷带油藏主要分布在延长组中下组及侏罗系。研究认为,该区构造控藏作用明显,具备Ⅰ期低级序断层沟通油源是基础,发育低幅度构造及相对高渗储集区是核心,油藏是否遭受Ⅱ期断层作用调整改造是关键。早白垩世末期,原油在异常压力驱动下,沿Ⅰ期开启断层及叠置砂体输导运移,受围岩遮挡或Ⅰ期封闭断层封堵,在西缘冲断带的构造圈闭、过渡带及天环拗陷的低幅度构造、相对高渗储集区聚集成藏,形成断块油藏、构造-岩性油藏及岩性油藏;受Ⅱ期断层影响,部分油藏遭受调整破坏。
Because of the complicated structural condition,different grade and period faults,it is great significance to define the Mesozoic reservoir characteristics and the main controlling factors for petroleum exploration. Based on the combination of wells and seismic,the authors depict the feature of lower order faults,analyse the reservoir characteristics,and focus on the main controlling factors. According to the structural distribution and fault grade,there are three zones from west to east,including western margin thrust belt,transition zone and Tianhuan depression. The first zone has large faults,large tectonic amplitude,where the fault block reservoir develops,with the feature of dispersed oil layer,small reservoir size and isolated distribution. Low amplitude structure and low-grade fault develop in the transition zone,the low-grade fault is mainly reverse fault forming before the end of early Cretaceous( phase i),few is Paleocene( phase ii). Owing to that the fault phase i is earlier than the Mesozoic reservoir accumulation period,the sealing of which is crucial to the reservoir accumulation and fluid distribution,and the reservoir widely distributed is mainly structural-lithologic reservoir. The lithologic reservoir wide-ranging distributes in the Tianhuan depression. The reservoirs of the later two zones locate in the middle and lower Yanchang Formation and the whole Jurassic. It is obvious to the reservoirs controlled by the tectonic,the fault phase i communicating the oil source is the basis,the low amplitude structure and relative high permeability reservoir is the core,and whether the reservoirs damaged by the fault phase ii is the key. At the end of early Cretaceous,the crude oil migrates through the opening faults and stacked sand-body under the abnormal pressure,accumulates in the structural traps,related high permeability reservoir and lithologic traps blocked by the surrounding rocks and the sealing faults,and then forms the related reservoirs in the three zones. Affected by the fault phase ii,some reservoirs may suffer adjustment and damage.
Because of the complicated structural condition,different grade and period faults,it is great significance to define the Mesozoic reservoir characteristics and the main controlling factors for petroleum exploration. Based on the combination of wells and seismic,the authors depict the feature of lower order faults,analyse the reservoir characteristics,and focus on the main controlling factors. According to the structural distribution and fault grade,there are three zones from west to east,including western margin thrust belt,transition zone and Tianhuan depression. The first zone has large faults,large tectonic amplitude,where the fault block reservoir develops,with the feature of dispersed oil layer,small reservoir size and isolated distribution. Low amplitude structure and low-grade fault develop in the transition zone,the low-grade fault is mainly reverse fault forming before the end of early Cretaceous( phase i),few is Paleocene( phase ii). Owing to that the fault phase i is earlier than the Mesozoic reservoir accumulation period,the sealing of which is crucial to the reservoir accumulation and fluid distribution,and the reservoir widely distributed is mainly structural-lithologic reservoir. The lithologic reservoir wide-ranging distributes in the Tianhuan depression. The reservoirs of the later two zones locate in the middle and lower Yanchang Formation and the whole Jurassic. It is obvious to the reservoirs controlled by the tectonic,the fault phase i communicating the oil source is the basis,the low amplitude structure and relative high permeability reservoir is the core,and whether the reservoirs damaged by the fault phase ii is the key. At the end of early Cretaceous,the crude oil migrates through the opening faults and stacked sand-body under the abnormal pressure,accumulates in the structural traps,related high permeability reservoir and lithologic traps blocked by the surrounding rocks and the sealing faults,and then forms the related reservoirs in the three zones. Affected by the fault phase ii,some reservoirs may suffer adjustment and damage.
引文
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[14]周新平,楚美娟,张文选,等.陕北地区长8油层组储层特征及致密成因分析[J].长江大学学报,2016,13(35):1-7.
[15]王飞宇,庞雄奇,曾花森,等.古油层识别技术及其在石油勘探中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(5):565-569.
[16]刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用[J].地球科学,2016,41(3):373-384.
[17]赵彦德,齐亚林,罗安湘,等.应用流体包裹体和自生伊利石测年重构鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油藏烃类充注史[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(6):1637-1648.
[18]高剑波,张厚和,庞雄奇,等.定量颗粒荧光技术在低渗透致密砂岩油藏研究中的应用———以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长4+5油层组为例[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(10):1-6.
[2]王双明.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化和构造控煤作用[J].地质通报,2011,30(4):544-552.
[3]刘志武,韩代成.鄂尔多斯盆地马家滩地区延长组岩石学特征及其意义[J].东华理工大学学报,2008,31(4):313-318.
[4]席胜利,李文厚,李荣西.烃源岩生烃期次与油气成藏———以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘马家滩地区长7烃源岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):657-664.
[5]李继宏,李荣西,韩天佑,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘马家滩地区地层水与油气成藏关系研究[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(3):253-257.
[6]李继宏.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘马家滩地区油气成藏研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007:1.
[7]杨华,付金华.超低渗透油藏勘探理论与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012,100-103.
[8]吕延防,王伟,胡欣蕾,等.断层侧向封闭性定量评价方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):310-316.
[9]吕延防,沙子萱,付晓飞,等.断层垂向封闭性定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):34-38.
[10]童亨茂.断层开启与封闭的定量分析[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(3):215-220.
[11]吕延防,黄劲松,付广,等.砂泥岩薄互层段中断层封闭性的定量研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):824-829.
[12]张立宽,罗晓容,廖前进,等.断层连通概率法定量评价断层的启闭性[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(2):181-190.
[13]张春林,高先志,李潍莲,等.柴达木盆地尕斯断陷断层封闭性及其对油气运聚的作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):659-665.
[14]周新平,楚美娟,张文选,等.陕北地区长8油层组储层特征及致密成因分析[J].长江大学学报,2016,13(35):1-7.
[15]王飞宇,庞雄奇,曾花森,等.古油层识别技术及其在石油勘探中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(5):565-569.
[16]刘可禹,鲁雪松,桂丽黎,等.储层定量荧光技术及其在油气成藏研究中的应用[J].地球科学,2016,41(3):373-384.
[17]赵彦德,齐亚林,罗安湘,等.应用流体包裹体和自生伊利石测年重构鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系油藏烃类充注史[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(6):1637-1648.
[18]高剑波,张厚和,庞雄奇,等.定量颗粒荧光技术在低渗透致密砂岩油藏研究中的应用———以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长4+5油层组为例[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(10):1-6.
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