腾冲火山及周边地区双差层析成像
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摘要
利用云南腾冲火山地区15个固定台站记录到的7923次地震的P波到时资料,采用双差层析成像方法,反演得到腾冲火山及周边地区地壳及上地幔顶部三维P波速度结构和地震重定位结果.研究发现,腾冲火山区域地壳内存在明显的地震波低速区,P波速度低于整个区域地壳速度平均值超过15%,上地幔顶部存在规模较大的低速异常区.推测腾冲火山地区存在较大规模的地幔热物质上涌以及向地壳的侵入,热物质在地壳内以岩浆囊形式存储,并且壳内岩浆囊之间可能存在岩浆通道.通过联合反演获得的地震重定位结果显示,丛集地震位置更加集中,其展布特征与断裂构造具有显著的对应关系,表明研究区域断裂构造比较活跃.获得的高分辨率三维P波层析成像结果,为进一步认识火山地区岩浆存储特征以及地震分布与区域构造之间的关系提供了新的地震学依据.
Based on 7923 P-wave arrivals recorded by 15 stations of the seismic network,this work relocated earthquakes and imaged the velocity structure beneath the Tengchong volcano and adjacent areas by the double differential tomography.Research found the existence of low P-wave velocity zones in the crust beneath the Tengchong volcano,more than 15% lower than the average velocity of the entire study area.Large-scale low-velocity anomalies are present in the upper mantle.We infer that there are hot material upwelling from the mantle and intrusion into the crust beneath the volcanic area.Thermal material is stored in the form of magma chambers and magma channels may exist between the magma chambers in the crust.The earthquakes after relocation are more concentrated,and their distribution characteristics are in good agreement with the fault structure,implying the faults in this area are active.The high-resolution 3D P-wave tomography results of this study provide new evidence for further understanding of the characteristics of magma storage in volcanic regions and the relationship between earthquake distribution and regional tectonics.
Based on 7923 P-wave arrivals recorded by 15 stations of the seismic network,this work relocated earthquakes and imaged the velocity structure beneath the Tengchong volcano and adjacent areas by the double differential tomography.Research found the existence of low P-wave velocity zones in the crust beneath the Tengchong volcano,more than 15% lower than the average velocity of the entire study area.Large-scale low-velocity anomalies are present in the upper mantle.We infer that there are hot material upwelling from the mantle and intrusion into the crust beneath the volcanic area.Thermal material is stored in the form of magma chambers and magma channels may exist between the magma chambers in the crust.The earthquakes after relocation are more concentrated,and their distribution characteristics are in good agreement with the fault structure,implying the faults in this area are active.The high-resolution 3D P-wave tomography results of this study provide new evidence for further understanding of the characteristics of magma storage in volcanic regions and the relationship between earthquake distribution and regional tectonics.
引文
Allam A A,Ben-Zion Y,Kurzon I,et al.2014.Seismic velocity structure in the hot springs and trifurcation areas of the San Jacinto fault zone,California,from double-difference tomography.Geophys.J.Int.,198(2):978-999,doi:10.1093/gji/ggu176.
Bai D H,Meju M A,Liao Z J.2001.Magnetotelluric images of deep crustal structure of the Rehai geothermal field near Tengchong,Southern China.Geophys.J.Int.,147(3):677-687.
Cao L M,Xu Y,Wu S G.2013.Finite difference tomography of the crustal velocity structure in Tengchong,Yunnan province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(4):1159-1167,doi:10.6038/cjg20130411.
Deng Q D,Zhang P Z,Ran Y K,et al.2003.Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),10(S1):66-73.
Gao X,Guo Z,Wang W M,et al.2008.Crust structure beneath Tengchong-Lincang region,Yunnan province,revealed by transform function.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),51(2):451-459.
Hansen P C.1992.Analysis of discrete ill-posed problems by means of the L-curve.SIAM Res.,34(4):561-580,doi:10.1137/1034115.
Hansen P C,O′Leary D P.1993.The use of the L-curve in the regularization of discrete ill-posed problems.SIAM J.Sci.Comput.,14(6):1487-1503.
He C S,Wang C Y,Wu J P.2004.S-wave velocity structure inferred from receiver function inversion in Tengchong volcanic area.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),26(1):11-18.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2006.High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions.J.Geophys.Res.,111(B9):B09305,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
Huang Z C,Wang P,Xu M J,et al.2015.Mantle structure and dynamics beneath SE Tibet revealed by new seismic images.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,411:100-111.
Jiang C S.1985.Volcanoes and earthquakes in Tengchong area,Yunnan province,China.J.Seismol.Res.,8(1):107-120.
Laske G,Masters G,Ma Z T,et al.2013.Update on CRUST1.0-A 1-degree global model on earth′s crust.∥EGU General Assembly.Vienna,Austria.
Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su Y J.2009.Insight into the origin of the Tengchong intraplate volcano and seismotectonics in southwest China from local and teleseismic data.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth,114(B5):B05302,doi:10.1029/2008JB005881.
Lei J S,Li Y,Xie F R,et al.2014.Pnanisotropic tomography and dynamics under eastern Tibetan plateau.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth,119(3):2174-2198.
Li F,Zhou S Y,Su Y J,et al.2011.Study on Pn-wave velocity structure and anisotropy in the Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(1):44-54,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.006.
Li M K,Zhang S X,Wu T F,et al.2018.Fine crustal and uppermost mantle S-wave velocity structure beneath the Tengchong volcanic area inferred from receiver function and surface-wave dispersion:constraints on magma chamber distribution.Bull.Volcanol.,80:25,doi:10.1007/s00445-018-1197-1.
Lou H,Wang C Y,Huangfu G,et al.2002.Three-dimensional seismic velocity tomography of the upper curst in Tengchong volcanic area,Yunnan Province.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),24(3):243-251.
LüY,Zhang Z J,Pei S P,et al.2014.2.5-Dimensional tomography of uppermost mantle beneath Sichuan-Yunnan and surrounding regions.Tectonophysics,627:193-204.
Pei S P,Zhao J M,Sun Y S,et al.2007.Upper mantle seismic velocities and anisotropy in China determined through Pn and Sn tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,112(B5):B05312,doi:10.1029/2006JB004409.
Qin J Z,Huangfu G,Li Q,et al.2000.3-D chromatography of velocity structure in Tengchong volcano areas and nearby.J.Seismol.Res.(in Chinese),23(2):157-164.
Socquet A,Pubellier M.2005.Cenozoic deformation in western Yunnan(China-Myanmar border).J.Asian Earth Sci.,24(4):495-515.
Sun J,Xu C F,Jiang Z,et al.1989.The electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle in the west part of Yunnan province and its relation to crustal tectonics.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),11(1):35-45.
Thurber C,Roecker S,Zhang H J,et al.2004.Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31(12):L12S02,doi:10.1029/2003GL0193.
Thurber C,Brocher T M,Zhang H J,et al.2007.Three-dimensional Pwave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region,California.J.Geophys,Res.,112(B7):B07313,doi:10.1029/2006JB004682.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to the northern Hayward Fault,California.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,90(6):1353-1368.
Wang C Y,Mooney W D,Wang X L,et al.2002.Study on 3-Dvelocity structure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region,China.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),24(1):1-16.
Wang C Y,Huangfu G.2004.Crustal structure in Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area,western Yunnan,China.Tectonophysics,380(1-2):69-87.
Watkins W D,Thurber C H,Abbott E R,et al.2018.Local earthquake tomography of the Jalisco,Mexico region.Tectonophysics,724-725:51-64.
Wessel P,Smith W H F,Scharroo R,et al.2013.Generic mapping tools:improved version released.Eos Trans.AGU,94(45):409-410.
Xiao Z,Gao Y.2017.Crustal velocity structure beneath the northeastern Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions derived from double difference tomography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(6):2213-2225,doi:10.6038/cjg20170615.
Xu Y,Yang X T,Li Z W,et al.2012.Seismic structure of the Tengchong volcanic area southwest China from local earthquake tomography.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,239-240:83-91.
Xu Y,Li X L,Wang S.2017.Crustal thickness and Poisson′s ratio of the Tengchong volcanic area in southwestern China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(6):2256-2264,doi:10.6038/cjg20170618.
Yang H Y,Hu J F,Hu Y L,et al.2013.Crustal structure in the Tengchong volcanic area and position of the magma chambers.J.Asian Earth Sci.,73:48-56.
Yang X T,Xu Y,Liu J H,et al.2011.Seismic tomography in the Tengchong volcanic area and its tectonic implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(8):2050-2059,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.012.
Ye T,Huang Q,Chen X,et al.2018.Magma chamber and crustal channel flow structures in the Tengchong volcano area from 3-DMT inversion at the intracontinental block boundary southeast of the Tibetan Plateau.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth,123(12):11112-11126.
Zhang H J,Thurber C H.2003.Double-difference tomography:the method and its application to the Hayward Fault,California.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,93(5):1875-1889.
Zhang H J,Thurber C H.2006.Development and applications of double-difference seismic tomography.Pure Appl.Geophys.,163(2-3):373-403.
Zhang L,Hu Y L,Qin M,et al.2015.Study on crustal and lithosphere thicknesses of Tengchong volcanic area in Yunnan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(5):1622-1633,doi:10.6038/cjg20150514.
Zhao C P,Ran H,Chen K H.2006.Present-day magma chambers in Tengchong volcano area inferred from relative geothermal gradient.Acta Petrol.Sin.(in Chinese),22(6):1517-1528.
Zhou Z H,Xiang C Y,Deng W M.1997.Lithospheric geothermal structure in Yunnan,China.Earthq.Res.China(in Chinese),13(3):213-222.
曹令敏,胥颐,吴时国.2013.腾冲地区地壳速度结构的有限差分成像.地球物理学报,56(4):1159-1167,doi:10.6038/cjg20130411.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康等.2003.中国活动构造与地震活动.地学前缘,10(S1):66-73.
高星,郭志,王卫民等.2008.用转换函数方法研究腾冲-临沧地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,51(2):451-459.
贺传松,王椿镛,吴建平.2004.腾冲火山区S波速度结构接收函数反演.地震学报,26(1):11-18.
李飞,周仕勇,苏有锦等.2011.川滇及邻区Pn波速度结构和各向异性研究.地球物理学报,54(1):44-54,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.006.
楼海,王椿镛,皇甫岗等.2002.云南腾冲火山区上部地壳三维地震速度层析成像.地震学报,24(3):243-251.
秦嘉政,皇甫岗,李强等.2000.腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成象.地震研究,23(2):157-164.
孙洁,徐常芳,江钊等.1989.滇西地区地壳上地幔电性结构与地壳构造运动的关系.地震地质,11(1):35-45.
王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉等.2002.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,24(1):1-16.
肖卓,高原.2017.利用双差成像方法反演青藏高原东北缘及其邻区地壳速度结构.地球物理学报,60(6):2213-2225,doi:10.6038/cjg20170615.
胥颐,李雪垒,汪晟.2017.腾冲火山区的地壳厚度和平均泊松比研究.地球物理学报,60(6):2256-2264,doi:10.6038/cjg20170618.
杨晓涛,胥颐,刘建华等.2011.腾冲火山区的地震层析成像及其构造意义.地球物理学报,54(8):2050-2059,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.012.
张龙,胡毅力,秦敏等.2015.云南腾冲火山区地壳及岩石圈厚度研究.地球物理学报,58(5):1622-1633,doi:10.6038/cjg20150514.
赵慈平,冉华,陈坤华.2006.由相对地热梯度推断的腾冲火山区现存岩浆囊.岩石学报,22(6):1517-1528.
周真恒,向才英,邓万明.1997.云南岩石圈热结构.中国地震,13(3):213-222.
Bai D H,Meju M A,Liao Z J.2001.Magnetotelluric images of deep crustal structure of the Rehai geothermal field near Tengchong,Southern China.Geophys.J.Int.,147(3):677-687.
Cao L M,Xu Y,Wu S G.2013.Finite difference tomography of the crustal velocity structure in Tengchong,Yunnan province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(4):1159-1167,doi:10.6038/cjg20130411.
Deng Q D,Zhang P Z,Ran Y K,et al.2003.Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),10(S1):66-73.
Gao X,Guo Z,Wang W M,et al.2008.Crust structure beneath Tengchong-Lincang region,Yunnan province,revealed by transform function.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),51(2):451-459.
Hansen P C.1992.Analysis of discrete ill-posed problems by means of the L-curve.SIAM Res.,34(4):561-580,doi:10.1137/1034115.
Hansen P C,O′Leary D P.1993.The use of the L-curve in the regularization of discrete ill-posed problems.SIAM J.Sci.Comput.,14(6):1487-1503.
He C S,Wang C Y,Wu J P.2004.S-wave velocity structure inferred from receiver function inversion in Tengchong volcanic area.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),26(1):11-18.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2006.High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions.J.Geophys.Res.,111(B9):B09305,doi:10.1029/2005JB004066.
Huang Z C,Wang P,Xu M J,et al.2015.Mantle structure and dynamics beneath SE Tibet revealed by new seismic images.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,411:100-111.
Jiang C S.1985.Volcanoes and earthquakes in Tengchong area,Yunnan province,China.J.Seismol.Res.,8(1):107-120.
Laske G,Masters G,Ma Z T,et al.2013.Update on CRUST1.0-A 1-degree global model on earth′s crust.∥EGU General Assembly.Vienna,Austria.
Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su Y J.2009.Insight into the origin of the Tengchong intraplate volcano and seismotectonics in southwest China from local and teleseismic data.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth,114(B5):B05302,doi:10.1029/2008JB005881.
Lei J S,Li Y,Xie F R,et al.2014.Pnanisotropic tomography and dynamics under eastern Tibetan plateau.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth,119(3):2174-2198.
Li F,Zhou S Y,Su Y J,et al.2011.Study on Pn-wave velocity structure and anisotropy in the Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(1):44-54,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.006.
Li M K,Zhang S X,Wu T F,et al.2018.Fine crustal and uppermost mantle S-wave velocity structure beneath the Tengchong volcanic area inferred from receiver function and surface-wave dispersion:constraints on magma chamber distribution.Bull.Volcanol.,80:25,doi:10.1007/s00445-018-1197-1.
Lou H,Wang C Y,Huangfu G,et al.2002.Three-dimensional seismic velocity tomography of the upper curst in Tengchong volcanic area,Yunnan Province.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),24(3):243-251.
LüY,Zhang Z J,Pei S P,et al.2014.2.5-Dimensional tomography of uppermost mantle beneath Sichuan-Yunnan and surrounding regions.Tectonophysics,627:193-204.
Pei S P,Zhao J M,Sun Y S,et al.2007.Upper mantle seismic velocities and anisotropy in China determined through Pn and Sn tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,112(B5):B05312,doi:10.1029/2006JB004409.
Qin J Z,Huangfu G,Li Q,et al.2000.3-D chromatography of velocity structure in Tengchong volcano areas and nearby.J.Seismol.Res.(in Chinese),23(2):157-164.
Socquet A,Pubellier M.2005.Cenozoic deformation in western Yunnan(China-Myanmar border).J.Asian Earth Sci.,24(4):495-515.
Sun J,Xu C F,Jiang Z,et al.1989.The electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle in the west part of Yunnan province and its relation to crustal tectonics.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),11(1):35-45.
Thurber C,Roecker S,Zhang H J,et al.2004.Fine-scale structure of the San Andreas fault zone and location of the SAFOD target earthquakes.Geophys.Res.Lett.,31(12):L12S02,doi:10.1029/2003GL0193.
Thurber C,Brocher T M,Zhang H J,et al.2007.Three-dimensional Pwave velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region,California.J.Geophys,Res.,112(B7):B07313,doi:10.1029/2006JB004682.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to the northern Hayward Fault,California.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,90(6):1353-1368.
Wang C Y,Mooney W D,Wang X L,et al.2002.Study on 3-Dvelocity structure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region,China.Acta Seismol.Sin.(in Chinese),24(1):1-16.
Wang C Y,Huangfu G.2004.Crustal structure in Tengchong Volcano-Geothermal Area,western Yunnan,China.Tectonophysics,380(1-2):69-87.
Watkins W D,Thurber C H,Abbott E R,et al.2018.Local earthquake tomography of the Jalisco,Mexico region.Tectonophysics,724-725:51-64.
Wessel P,Smith W H F,Scharroo R,et al.2013.Generic mapping tools:improved version released.Eos Trans.AGU,94(45):409-410.
Xiao Z,Gao Y.2017.Crustal velocity structure beneath the northeastern Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions derived from double difference tomography.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(6):2213-2225,doi:10.6038/cjg20170615.
Xu Y,Yang X T,Li Z W,et al.2012.Seismic structure of the Tengchong volcanic area southwest China from local earthquake tomography.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,239-240:83-91.
Xu Y,Li X L,Wang S.2017.Crustal thickness and Poisson′s ratio of the Tengchong volcanic area in southwestern China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(6):2256-2264,doi:10.6038/cjg20170618.
Yang H Y,Hu J F,Hu Y L,et al.2013.Crustal structure in the Tengchong volcanic area and position of the magma chambers.J.Asian Earth Sci.,73:48-56.
Yang X T,Xu Y,Liu J H,et al.2011.Seismic tomography in the Tengchong volcanic area and its tectonic implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),54(8):2050-2059,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.012.
Ye T,Huang Q,Chen X,et al.2018.Magma chamber and crustal channel flow structures in the Tengchong volcano area from 3-DMT inversion at the intracontinental block boundary southeast of the Tibetan Plateau.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth,123(12):11112-11126.
Zhang H J,Thurber C H.2003.Double-difference tomography:the method and its application to the Hayward Fault,California.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,93(5):1875-1889.
Zhang H J,Thurber C H.2006.Development and applications of double-difference seismic tomography.Pure Appl.Geophys.,163(2-3):373-403.
Zhang L,Hu Y L,Qin M,et al.2015.Study on crustal and lithosphere thicknesses of Tengchong volcanic area in Yunnan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(5):1622-1633,doi:10.6038/cjg20150514.
Zhao C P,Ran H,Chen K H.2006.Present-day magma chambers in Tengchong volcano area inferred from relative geothermal gradient.Acta Petrol.Sin.(in Chinese),22(6):1517-1528.
Zhou Z H,Xiang C Y,Deng W M.1997.Lithospheric geothermal structure in Yunnan,China.Earthq.Res.China(in Chinese),13(3):213-222.
曹令敏,胥颐,吴时国.2013.腾冲地区地壳速度结构的有限差分成像.地球物理学报,56(4):1159-1167,doi:10.6038/cjg20130411.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康等.2003.中国活动构造与地震活动.地学前缘,10(S1):66-73.
高星,郭志,王卫民等.2008.用转换函数方法研究腾冲-临沧地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,51(2):451-459.
贺传松,王椿镛,吴建平.2004.腾冲火山区S波速度结构接收函数反演.地震学报,26(1):11-18.
李飞,周仕勇,苏有锦等.2011.川滇及邻区Pn波速度结构和各向异性研究.地球物理学报,54(1):44-54,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.006.
楼海,王椿镛,皇甫岗等.2002.云南腾冲火山区上部地壳三维地震速度层析成像.地震学报,24(3):243-251.
秦嘉政,皇甫岗,李强等.2000.腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成象.地震研究,23(2):157-164.
孙洁,徐常芳,江钊等.1989.滇西地区地壳上地幔电性结构与地壳构造运动的关系.地震地质,11(1):35-45.
王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉等.2002.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,24(1):1-16.
肖卓,高原.2017.利用双差成像方法反演青藏高原东北缘及其邻区地壳速度结构.地球物理学报,60(6):2213-2225,doi:10.6038/cjg20170615.
胥颐,李雪垒,汪晟.2017.腾冲火山区的地壳厚度和平均泊松比研究.地球物理学报,60(6):2256-2264,doi:10.6038/cjg20170618.
杨晓涛,胥颐,刘建华等.2011.腾冲火山区的地震层析成像及其构造意义.地球物理学报,54(8):2050-2059,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.08.012.
张龙,胡毅力,秦敏等.2015.云南腾冲火山区地壳及岩石圈厚度研究.地球物理学报,58(5):1622-1633,doi:10.6038/cjg20150514.
赵慈平,冉华,陈坤华.2006.由相对地热梯度推断的腾冲火山区现存岩浆囊.岩石学报,22(6):1517-1528.
周真恒,向才英,邓万明.1997.云南岩石圈热结构.中国地震,13(3):213-222.