城市干路交叉口路侧交通标志遮挡失效研究
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摘要
为了分析外侧车道中大型车对城市干路交叉口路侧交通标志遮挡的影响,基于空间遮挡模型存在缺陷,研究了交叉口路侧交通标志时间遮挡模型。通过驾驶人最大视域角及小型车、大型车在路段上运行时与交通标志存在的几何关系,确定了遮挡模型的开始计数条件、停止计数条件及遮挡判定条件。以驾驶人视认交通标志需要的最小时间为依据,建立驾驶人错过交通标志的概率模型。利用Vissim仿真获取仿真时间、车辆编号、路径编号以及小型车、大型车车头坐标等数据,依据遮挡模型的3个条件进行小型车驾驶人错过交通标志的概率计算。从外侧车道中大型车比例和行驶速度2个方面分析其对交通标志遮挡的影响。结果表明,原始数据下得到小型车驾驶人错过交通标志的概率为0.042 6。在交叉口进口道交通量、绿信比等参数不变的条件下,将外侧车道中大型车比例由0.10增加至0.40时,小型车驾驶人错过交通标志的概率由0.021 3增加至0.117 6,二者呈正相关;外侧车道大型车行驶速度增大,驾驶人错过交通标志的概率并非一定降低,还取决于外侧车道中大型车的数量。
In order to analyze influences of large-scale vehicles on roadside occlusion at intersections of urban arterial roads, a time-blocking model is developed based on a spatial occlusion model. Conditions of start count, stop count, and occlusion determination are determined by the maximum field of view angle of drivers and geometric relationships between small and large-scale vehicles and traffic signs, while they are running on road sections. Based on the minimum time required for drivers to visually identify traffic signs, a model is established to calculate probability that drivers of small vehicles missed traffic signs. A Vissim simulation is used to obtain simulation time, vehicle number, path number, and head coordinates of small and large vehicles. According to three conditions of the occlusion model, the probability is calculated. Influences of ratio and driving speed of large-scale vehicles on the occlusion of traffic signs are analyzed. The results show that the probability of the original data is 0.042 6. Under the conditions that the traffic volume of entrance roads at intersections and green signal ratio both remain unchanged, the probability increases from 0.021 3 to 0.117 6 when the proportion of large-scale vehicles in the outer lane increases from 0.10 to 0.40, which is positively correlated. When large-scale vehicles in the outer lane increase speed, the probability does not necessarily decrease. It also depends on the number of large-scale vehicles in the outer lane.
In order to analyze influences of large-scale vehicles on roadside occlusion at intersections of urban arterial roads, a time-blocking model is developed based on a spatial occlusion model. Conditions of start count, stop count, and occlusion determination are determined by the maximum field of view angle of drivers and geometric relationships between small and large-scale vehicles and traffic signs, while they are running on road sections. Based on the minimum time required for drivers to visually identify traffic signs, a model is established to calculate probability that drivers of small vehicles missed traffic signs. A Vissim simulation is used to obtain simulation time, vehicle number, path number, and head coordinates of small and large vehicles. According to three conditions of the occlusion model, the probability is calculated. Influences of ratio and driving speed of large-scale vehicles on the occlusion of traffic signs are analyzed. The results show that the probability of the original data is 0.042 6. Under the conditions that the traffic volume of entrance roads at intersections and green signal ratio both remain unchanged, the probability increases from 0.021 3 to 0.117 6 when the proportion of large-scale vehicles in the outer lane increases from 0.10 to 0.40, which is positively correlated. When large-scale vehicles in the outer lane increase speed, the probability does not necessarily decrease. It also depends on the number of large-scale vehicles in the outer lane.
引文
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[16] 张华斌.城市道路交通标志的视觉设计研究[J].综合运输,2016,38(2):74-78. ZHANG Huabin. Research on the visual design of urban road traffic signs [J]. Comprehensive Transportation, 2016,38(2):74-78. (in Chinese)
[17] 孙乔宝.关于6车道高速公路路侧标志遮挡问题的讨论[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(7):135-138,146. SUN Qiaobao. Discussion on the problem of occlusion of roadside signs on 6-lane highway [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2005,22(7):135-138,146. (in Chinese)
[18] 李苗苗.基于大型车遮挡的多车道高速公路交通标志优化研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017. LI Miaomiao. Research on optimization of Multi-lane highway traffic signs based on large vehicle blocking [D]. Xi′an: Chang′an University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[19] CRISTEA M, DELHOMME P. Comprehension and acceptability of on-board traffic information: Beliefs and driving behavior [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2014,65(2):123-130.
[20] 王建军,王娟,吴海刚.道路交通标志信息过载阈值研究[J].公路,2009(4):174-180. WANG Jianjun, WANG Juan, WU Haigang. Research on overload threshold of road traffic sign information [J].Highway, 2009(4):174-180. (in Chinese)
[2] ABRAMSON P. Blockage of signs by trucks [J]. Traffic Engineering, Inst Traffic Engr, 1971.
[3] FAGHRI A. Mathematical analysis of trucks blocking roadway signs [J]. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems, 2000,17(2):151-173.
[4] AL-KAISY A, BHATT J,RAKHA H. Assessing the effect of heavy vehicles on the visibility of traffic signs at multilane highways [C]. The 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2003.
[5] AL-KAISY A, BHATT J,RAKHA H. Assessing the occlusion effect of large-dimension vehicles on traffic signs at multilane highways[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2004,130(5):648-657.
[6] AL-KAISY A, BHATT J,RAKHA H. Modeling the effect of heavy vehicles on sign occlusion at multilane highways [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2005,131(3):219-228.
[7] PIETRUCHA M T, DONNELL E T, LERTWORAWANICH P, et al. Effects of traffic characteristics and mounting location one the visibility of on-premise commercial signs [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2006,132(11):862-871.
[8] 李文权.高速公路路侧标志遮挡问题[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(3):97-102. LI Wenquan. Blocking problem of highway side traffic signs [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2006,6(3):97-102. (in Chinese)
[9] 陆建,姜军,叶海飞.普通公路路侧交通标志的遮挡与重复设置[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(6):1019-1024. LU Jian, JIANG Jun, YE Haifei. Occlusion and duplicate setting of roadside traffic signs for ordinary multilane highways [J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011,46(6):1019-1024. (in Chinese)
[10] 冯移冬.考虑大型车辆遮挡因素的高速公路路侧标志设置效果评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014. FENG Yidong. Highway roadside traffic signs set effect assessment consider of the occlusion factors of heavy vehicles [D]. Xi′an:Chang′an University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[11] 李红伟,陆键.基于平均车头时距的城市道路PCE算法[J].交通信息与安全,2018,36(3):79-83,111. LI Hongwei, LU Jian. An algorithm of passenger car equivalent for urban road sections based on mean time headway [J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2018,36(3):79-83,111. (in Chinese)
[12] 张伯明.交通标志汉字视认性的研究[J].公路交通科技,1993,10(2):40-46. ZHANG Boming. Research on the recognition of Chinese characters on the traffic sign [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 1993,10(2):40-46. (in Chinese)
[13] 蒋海峰,韩文元,张智勇.交通指路标志字高与视认性关系研究[J].公路交通科技,2009,26(7):115-120. JIANG Haifeng, HAN Wenyuan, ZHANG Zhiyong. Research on the relationship between the height and visual recognition of traffic signs [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2009,26(7):115-120. (in Chinese)
[14] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市道路工程设计规范(2016年版):CJJ 37—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People′s Republic of China. Code for design of urban rode engineering (2016 Edition):CJJ 37—2012[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2012. (in Chinese)
[15] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市道路交通标志和标线设置规范:GB 51038—2015[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2015. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People′s Republic of China. Code for layout of urban road traffic signs and markings:GB 51038—2015[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
[16] 张华斌.城市道路交通标志的视觉设计研究[J].综合运输,2016,38(2):74-78. ZHANG Huabin. Research on the visual design of urban road traffic signs [J]. Comprehensive Transportation, 2016,38(2):74-78. (in Chinese)
[17] 孙乔宝.关于6车道高速公路路侧标志遮挡问题的讨论[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(7):135-138,146. SUN Qiaobao. Discussion on the problem of occlusion of roadside signs on 6-lane highway [J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2005,22(7):135-138,146. (in Chinese)
[18] 李苗苗.基于大型车遮挡的多车道高速公路交通标志优化研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017. LI Miaomiao. Research on optimization of Multi-lane highway traffic signs based on large vehicle blocking [D]. Xi′an: Chang′an University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[19] CRISTEA M, DELHOMME P. Comprehension and acceptability of on-board traffic information: Beliefs and driving behavior [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2014,65(2):123-130.
[20] 王建军,王娟,吴海刚.道路交通标志信息过载阈值研究[J].公路,2009(4):174-180. WANG Jianjun, WANG Juan, WU Haigang. Research on overload threshold of road traffic sign information [J].Highway, 2009(4):174-180. (in Chinese)
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