磁性炭/超滤工艺处理含镉微污染水源水
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摘要
针对湘江流域水源水的微污染现状和镉污染特征,以微絮凝砂滤-粉末活性炭/超滤组合技术为基础,提出了用磁性炭取代粉末活性炭联合超滤膜去除水中氨氮、有机污染物和微量镉的新型组合工艺。当采用磁性炭/超滤小试装置处理含镉微污染水源水时,该组合工艺运行稳定,对浊度、TOC、COD_(Mn)、氨氮和镉的平均去除率分别为97. 5%、59. 0%、51. 3%、37. 1%和99. 9%,出水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求。其中,磁性炭吸附对水中痕量镉的高效去除是出水镉达标的关键步骤,主要去除机理为静电吸附,并且磁性炭易于磁分离回收,通过现场高级氧化再生后可恢复其吸附性能。
The current characteristic of cadmium in "Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan"section of Xiangjiang River was analyzed and the main water pollution index data at the specified sampling point was investigated. On the basis of micro-flocculation direct filtration and PAC/UF process,magnetic activated carbon( MAC) was taken to replace PAC and used to remove ammonia nitrogen,organic pollutants and Cd( Ⅱ) from water. A lab scale device of MAC/UF process was employed to treat the micro-polluted source water containing Cd( Ⅱ) in Xiangjiang River. The results showed that the MAC/UF process operated stably and the final effluent quality met the existing national drinking water health standards. The removal rates of turbidity,TOC,COD_(Mn),ammonia nitrogen and Cd( Ⅱ) were 97. 5%,59. 0%,51. 3%,37. 1% and 99. 9%,respectively. MAC had excellent removal capacities towards trace Cd( Ⅱ) in water,which made effluent meet the Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Heavy metal Cd removal mechanism was mainly electrostatic adsorption. Furthermore,MAC was easily recovered by magnetic separation and achieved high regeneration efficiency by advanced oxidation technology.
The current characteristic of cadmium in "Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan"section of Xiangjiang River was analyzed and the main water pollution index data at the specified sampling point was investigated. On the basis of micro-flocculation direct filtration and PAC/UF process,magnetic activated carbon( MAC) was taken to replace PAC and used to remove ammonia nitrogen,organic pollutants and Cd( Ⅱ) from water. A lab scale device of MAC/UF process was employed to treat the micro-polluted source water containing Cd( Ⅱ) in Xiangjiang River. The results showed that the MAC/UF process operated stably and the final effluent quality met the existing national drinking water health standards. The removal rates of turbidity,TOC,COD_(Mn),ammonia nitrogen and Cd( Ⅱ) were 97. 5%,59. 0%,51. 3%,37. 1% and 99. 9%,respectively. MAC had excellent removal capacities towards trace Cd( Ⅱ) in water,which made effluent meet the Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Heavy metal Cd removal mechanism was mainly electrostatic adsorption. Furthermore,MAC was easily recovered by magnetic separation and achieved high regeneration efficiency by advanced oxidation technology.
引文
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[4]刘耀驰,高栗,李志光,等.湘江重金属污染现状、污染原因分析与对策探讨[J].环境保护科学,2010,36(4):26-29.Liu Yaochi,Gao Li,Li Zhiguang,et al. Analysis on heavy metals pollution status and reasons in Xiangjiang River and discussion on its countermeasures[J]. Environmental Protection Science,2010,36(4):26-29(in Chinese).
[5] Sengül A B,Ersan G,Tüfekci N. Removal of intra-and extracellular microcystin by submerged ultrafiltration(UF)membrane combined with coagulation/flocculation and powdered activated carbon(PAC)adsorption[J]. J Hazard Mater,2018,343:29-35.
[6]高颖鸿,蔡磊,邓慧萍,等. BPAC/UF工艺处理沉淀池出水的试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(23):69-72.Gao Yinghong,Cai Lei,Deng Huiping,et al. BPAC/UF process for treatment of effluent from sedimentation tank[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(23):69-72(in Chinese).
[7] Campinas M,Rosa M J. Assessing PAC contribution to the NOM fouling control in PAC/UF systems[J]. Water Res,2010,44(5):1636-1644.
[8] Lin S,Yang Y,Chen G,et al. Study on the influence of thiolation on the adsorption and magnetic recovery of superparamagnetic nanoadsorbents for Cd(Ⅱ)removal[J]. Appl Surf Sci,2017,425:141-147.
[9] Wan J L,Deng H P,Shi J,et al. Synthesized magnetic manganese ferrite nanoparticles on activated carbon for sulfamethoxazole removal[J]. Clean Soil,Air,Water,2014,42(9):1199-1207.
[10] Zhou Q W,Liao B H,Lin L N,et al. Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)from aqueous solutions by ferromanganese binary oxide-biochar composites[J]. Sci Total Environ,2018,615:115-122.
[11]于浩,李宁.地表水中UV254与COD之间的关系分析[J].水资源保护,2009,25(4):67-69.Yu Hao,Li Ning. Analysis of the relationship between UV254and COD in surface water[J]. Water Resources Protection,2009,25(4):67-69(in Chinese).
[12]张耀宗,王启山.超滤膜用于水厂工艺改造的中试研究[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(13):60-63.Zhang Yaozong,Wang Qishan. Pilot-scale experiment on ultrafiltration membrane for process transformation of waterworks[J]. China Water&Wastewater,2012,28(13):60-63(in Chinese).