致密储集层渗吸影响因素分析与渗吸作用效果评价
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摘要
为了探索如何有效发挥裂缝与基质之间的渗吸作用、提高致密储集层开发效果,采用高压大模型物理模拟系统和核磁共振等技术,建立了不同尺度岩心渗吸物理模拟实验方法,研究了致密储集层渗吸过程的影响因素,并构建了水驱油时渗吸作用的定量评价方法。研究表明:逆向渗吸过程中,渗透率越低,油滴析出越晚,渗吸平衡时间越长,采出程度越低;裂缝可有效扩大致密基质与水接触的渗吸面积和渗吸前缘的范围,减小油排出的阻力,提高渗吸速度和采出程度;岩石越亲水,岩样的渗吸速度和采出程度越高。顺向渗吸过程中,渗透率越低,渗吸作用越明显;驱替采出程度与渗透率呈正相关,而渗吸采出程度与渗透率呈负相关。注水吞吐的渗吸距离要大于单纯的逆向渗吸距离,渗透率和注入倍数越大,渗吸距离越大。致密储集层大规模体积压裂与改变储集层润湿性、注水吞吐相结合有利于提高致密储集层的渗吸效果。图9表2参23
To exert the imbibition between cracks and matrix effectively and enhance the development effect of tight oil reservoirs, a physical simulation method for imbibition in different scales of cores is developed by combining a high-pressure large-model physical simulation system and nuclear magnetic resonance technology(NMR) to investigate the influencing factors of imbibition process in tight reservoirs, and construct a quantitative evaluation method for the imbibition in water flooding. The results show that in the process of counter-current imbibition, the lower the permeability, the later the oil droplet precipitation, the longer the imbibition equilibrium time,and the lower the recovery degree. Fractures can effectively expand the area of imbibition and the front edge of imbibition in the contact between the dense matrix and water, reduce the resistance of oil discharge, and improve the imbibition speed and the degree of recovery.The more hydrophilic the rock, the higher the imbibition rate and imbibition recovery of tight rocks. In the process of co-current imbibition, the lower the permeability, the more obvious the imbibition, and the displacement recovery is positively correlated with permeability, while the imbibition recovery is negatively correlated with the permeability. It also shows that the imbibition distance of the cyclic water injection is greater than that of the counter-current imbibition, and the higher the permeability and the injection multiple, the longer the imbibition distance. The combination of large-scale volume fracturing with changing reservoir wettability and cyclic water injection is conducive to improving the imbibition ability of tight reservoirs.
To exert the imbibition between cracks and matrix effectively and enhance the development effect of tight oil reservoirs, a physical simulation method for imbibition in different scales of cores is developed by combining a high-pressure large-model physical simulation system and nuclear magnetic resonance technology(NMR) to investigate the influencing factors of imbibition process in tight reservoirs, and construct a quantitative evaluation method for the imbibition in water flooding. The results show that in the process of counter-current imbibition, the lower the permeability, the later the oil droplet precipitation, the longer the imbibition equilibrium time,and the lower the recovery degree. Fractures can effectively expand the area of imbibition and the front edge of imbibition in the contact between the dense matrix and water, reduce the resistance of oil discharge, and improve the imbibition speed and the degree of recovery.The more hydrophilic the rock, the higher the imbibition rate and imbibition recovery of tight rocks. In the process of co-current imbibition, the lower the permeability, the more obvious the imbibition, and the displacement recovery is positively correlated with permeability, while the imbibition recovery is negatively correlated with the permeability. It also shows that the imbibition distance of the cyclic water injection is greater than that of the counter-current imbibition, and the higher the permeability and the injection multiple, the longer the imbibition distance. The combination of large-scale volume fracturing with changing reservoir wettability and cyclic water injection is conducive to improving the imbibition ability of tight reservoirs.
引文
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[13]H?GNESEN E J,STANDNES D C,AUSTAD T.Experimental and numerical investigation of high temperature imbibition into preferential oil-wet chalk[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2006,53(1):100-112.
[14]BROWNSCOMBE E R,DYES A B.Water-imbibition displacement:A possibility for the spraberry[J].Drill&Prod.Prac.API,1952,7(5):383-390.
[15]BOURBIAUX B J,KALAYDJIAN F J.Experimental study of cocurrent and countercurrent flows in natural porous media[J].SPEReservoir Engineering,1990,5(3):361-368.
[16]POOLADI-DARVISH M,FIROOZABADI A.Experiments and modelling of water injection in water-wet fractured porous media[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1998,39(3):31-42.
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[18]GAUTAM P S,MOHANTY K K.Role of fracture flow in matrix-fracture transfer[R].SPE 77336,2002.
[19]GRAUE A,FERN M,MOE R W,et al.Water mixing during waterflood oil recovery:The effect of initial water saturation[J].SPEJournal,2012,17(1):43-52.
[20]王敬,刘慧卿,夏静,等.裂缝性油藏渗吸采油机理数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):761-770.WANG Jing,LIU Huiqing,XIA Jing,et al.Mechanism simulation of oil displacement by imbibition in fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):761-770.
[21]杨正明,郭和坤,刘学伟,等.特低-超低渗透油气藏特色实验技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:135-155.YANG Zhengming,GUO Hekun,LIU Xuewei,et al.Characteristic experimental technology of an extra-ultra low permeability reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012:135-155.
[22]郭尚平,黄延章,周娟,等.物理化学渗流微观机理[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:8-18.GUO Shangpin,HUANG Yanzhang,ZHOU Juan,et al.Microscopic mechanism of physical and chemical seepage[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:8-18.
[23]杨正明,张仲宏,刘学伟,等.低渗/致密油藏分段压裂水平井渗流特征的物理模拟及数值模拟[J].石油学报,2014,35(1):85-92.YANG Zhengming,ZHANG Zhonghong,LIU Xuewei,et al.Physical and numerical simulation of porous flow pattern in multi-stage fractured horizontal wells in low permeability/tight oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(1):85-92.
[2]贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.
[3]U.S.Energy Information Administration.Status and outlook for shale gas and tight oil development in the U.S.[R].Washington D C:Energy Information Administration,2013.
[4]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.致密油与页岩油内涵、特征、潜力及挑战[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(1):3-17.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,et al.Significance,geologic characteristics,resource potential and future challenges of tight oil and shale oil[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(1):3-17.
[5]梁涛,常毓文,郭晓飞,等.巴肯致密油藏单井产能参数影响程度排序[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):357-362.LIANG Tao,CHANG Yuwen,GUO Xiaofei,et al.Influence factors of single well’s productivity in the Bakken tight oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):357-362.
[6]林森虎,邹才能,袁选俊,等.美国致密油开发现状及启示[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(4):25-30.LIN Senhu,ZOU Caineng,YUAN Xuanjun,et al.Status quo of tight oil exploitation in the United States and its implication[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(4):25-30.
[7]吴奇,胥云,王晓泉,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术:内涵、优化设计与实现[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):352-358.WU Qi,XU Yun,WANG Xiaoquan,et al.Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs:Connotation,optimization design and implementation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):352-358.
[8]邹才能,丁云宏,卢拥军,等.“人工油气藏”理论、技术及实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):144-154.ZOU Caineng,DING Yunhong,LU Yongjun,et al.Concept,technology and practice of“man-made reservoirs”development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):144-154.
[9]王香增,任来义,贺永红,等.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油的定义[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(1):2-5.WANG Xiangzeng,REN Laiyi,HE Yonghong,et al.Definition of tight oil in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(1):2-5.
[10]AUSTAD T,STANDNES D C.Spontaneous imbibition of water into oil-wet carbonates[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2003,39(3):363-376.
[11]韦青,李治平,王香增,等.裂缝性致密砂岩储层渗吸机理及影响因素:以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区长8储层为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(4):102-107.WEI Qing,LI Zhiping,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Mechanism and influence factors of imbibition in fractured tight sandstone reservoir:An example from Chang 8 reservoir of Wuqi area in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(4):102-107.
[12]DING M,KWANZAS A,LASTOCKIN D.Evaluation of gas saturation during water imbibition experiments[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2006,45(10):29-35.
[13]H?GNESEN E J,STANDNES D C,AUSTAD T.Experimental and numerical investigation of high temperature imbibition into preferential oil-wet chalk[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2006,53(1):100-112.
[14]BROWNSCOMBE E R,DYES A B.Water-imbibition displacement:A possibility for the spraberry[J].Drill&Prod.Prac.API,1952,7(5):383-390.
[15]BOURBIAUX B J,KALAYDJIAN F J.Experimental study of cocurrent and countercurrent flows in natural porous media[J].SPEReservoir Engineering,1990,5(3):361-368.
[16]POOLADI-DARVISH M,FIROOZABADI A.Experiments and modelling of water injection in water-wet fractured porous media[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1998,39(3):31-42.
[17]蔡建超,郁伯铭.多孔介质自发渗吸研究进展[J].力学进展,2012,42(6):735-754.CAI Jianchao,YU Boming.Advances in studies of spontanous imbibition in porous media[J].Advances in Mechanics,2012,42(6):735-754.
[18]GAUTAM P S,MOHANTY K K.Role of fracture flow in matrix-fracture transfer[R].SPE 77336,2002.
[19]GRAUE A,FERN M,MOE R W,et al.Water mixing during waterflood oil recovery:The effect of initial water saturation[J].SPEJournal,2012,17(1):43-52.
[20]王敬,刘慧卿,夏静,等.裂缝性油藏渗吸采油机理数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):761-770.WANG Jing,LIU Huiqing,XIA Jing,et al.Mechanism simulation of oil displacement by imbibition in fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):761-770.
[21]杨正明,郭和坤,刘学伟,等.特低-超低渗透油气藏特色实验技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:135-155.YANG Zhengming,GUO Hekun,LIU Xuewei,et al.Characteristic experimental technology of an extra-ultra low permeability reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012:135-155.
[22]郭尚平,黄延章,周娟,等.物理化学渗流微观机理[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:8-18.GUO Shangpin,HUANG Yanzhang,ZHOU Juan,et al.Microscopic mechanism of physical and chemical seepage[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:8-18.
[23]杨正明,张仲宏,刘学伟,等.低渗/致密油藏分段压裂水平井渗流特征的物理模拟及数值模拟[J].石油学报,2014,35(1):85-92.YANG Zhengming,ZHANG Zhonghong,LIU Xuewei,et al.Physical and numerical simulation of porous flow pattern in multi-stage fractured horizontal wells in low permeability/tight oil reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(1):85-92.