无线传感器网络自适应MAC协议
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摘要
在无线传感器网络中,为降低能耗,常采用低占空比工作模式,但较低的占空比会增加时延。本文针对簇型传感器网络,以低能耗和低时延为目标,提出一种动态占空比的自适应MAC协议(dynamic adjust multiple access control,DA-MAC)。在网络负载较小时降低占空比,让节点相对长时间处于睡眠状态以节省能量,而在网络负载较大时增加占空比,使节点相对长时间进入活动状态。试验结果表明,相比LEACH和E-TDMA,DA-MAC协议能显著提高网络吞吐量,并降低时延,减少能耗。
In wireless sensor networks,low-duty-cycle mode is usually adopted to reduce power consumption of sensor nodes,but lower duty cycle will bring a longer waiting delay. For cluster-based wireless sensor networks,the DA-MAC protocol was proposed to adjust the duty cycle dynamically to achieve lower power consumption and lower transmission delay. A lower duty cycle was taken to make nodes sleep more and save more energy under light load,and a higher duty cycle could make nodes have more time to transmit data under heavy load.Simulation results showed that DA-MAC could improve the network throughput and reduce delay compromising energy consumption.
In wireless sensor networks,low-duty-cycle mode is usually adopted to reduce power consumption of sensor nodes,but lower duty cycle will bring a longer waiting delay. For cluster-based wireless sensor networks,the DA-MAC protocol was proposed to adjust the duty cycle dynamically to achieve lower power consumption and lower transmission delay. A lower duty cycle was taken to make nodes sleep more and save more energy under light load,and a higher duty cycle could make nodes have more time to transmit data under heavy load.Simulation results showed that DA-MAC could improve the network throughput and reduce delay compromising energy consumption.
引文
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[14]冯冬芹,李光辉,全剑敏,等.基于簇头冗余的无线传感器网络可靠性研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2009,43(5):849-854.FENG D Q,LI G H,QUAN J M,et al.Reliability of wireless sensor networks based on redundancy of cluster-heads[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2009,43(5):849-854.
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[2]YICK J,MUKHERJEE B,GHOSAL D.Wireless sensor network survey[J].Computer Networks,2008,52(12):2292-2330.
[3]陈良银,王金磊,张靖宇,等.低占空比WSN中一种节点休眠调度算法[J].软件学报,2014,25(3):631-641.CHEN L Y,WANG J L,ZHANG J Y,et al.Scheduling scheme algorithm in low-duty-cycle WSN[J].Journal of Software,2014,25(3):631-641.
[4]陈立建,周雪,雷艳静,等.一种基于功率控制的WSN自适应高效传输模式研究[J].传感技术学报,2014,27(6):836-841.CHEN L J,ZHOU X,LEI Y,et al.An energy-efficient adaptive scheme for transmission in WSN based power control[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2014,27(6):836-841.
[5]YE W,HEIDEMANN J,ESTRIN D.Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networks,2004,12(3):492-506.
[6]蹇强,龚正虎,朱培栋,等.无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展[J].软件学报,2008,19(2):389-403.JIAN Q,GONG Z H,ZHU P D,et al.Overview of MACprotocols in wireless sensor networks[J].Journal of Software,2008,19(2):389-403.
[7]MOKDAD L,BENOTHMAN J,NIAGNE S.Performance evaluation tools for Qo S MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[J].Ad Hoc Networks,2014,12(1):86-99.
[8]WEI Y,JOHN H,DEBORAH E.An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]//Proc of the 21st Int Conf of IEEE INFOCOM.New York,USA:IEEE,2002:1567-1576.
[9]DAM T,LANGENDOEN K.An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]//Proc of the 1st Int Conf on Embedded Network sensor systems(Sen Sys),CA,USA:ACM,2003:171-180.
[10]RAJENDRAN V,OBRACZKA K,GARCIALUNA-ACEVES J J.Energy-efficient,collision-free medium access control for wireless sensor networks[J].Wireless Networks,2006,12(1):63-78.
[11]HEINZELMAN W,CHANDRAKASAN A,BAL-AKRISHNAN H.Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks[C]//Proc of HICSS,Hawaii,USA:IEEE,2000,2:1-10.
[12]LI J,LAZAROU G.A bit-map-assisted energy-efficient MAC scheme for wireless sensor networks[C]//Proc of IPSN,Berkeley.USA:IEEE,2004:55-60.
[13]HSU T H,YEN P Y.Adaptive time division multiple access-based medium access control protocol for energy conserving and data transmission in wireless sensor networks[J].IET Communications,2011,5(18):2662-2672.
[14]冯冬芹,李光辉,全剑敏,等.基于簇头冗余的无线传感器网络可靠性研究[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2009,43(5):849-854.FENG D Q,LI G H,QUAN J M,et al.Reliability of wireless sensor networks based on redundancy of cluster-heads[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2009,43(5):849-854.
[15]HEINZELMA W R,CHANDRAKASAN A,BAL-AKRISHNAN H.Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks[C]//Proc.of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Maui:IEEE Computer Society,2000:3005-3014.