用于海上风电并网的柔性直流系统过电压和绝缘配合研究
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摘要
柔性直流系统凭借其独特的技术优势,正逐渐成为大规模远距离海上风电并网的主流方案。鉴于国内外相关研究较为匮乏,文中针对用于海上风电并网的柔性直流系统,详细研究了其中的过电压和绝缘配合问题。首先介绍了用于海上风电并网的柔性直流系统的基本情况,包括拓扑结构、站内主要设备和接地方式。然后根据实际情况详细介绍了过电压和绝缘配合的基本原则,包括典型故障选取、电压观测点选取、避雷器的配置方案和参数选择方法。再基于电磁暂态仿真平台PSCAD/EMTDC,搭建了国内某规划海上风电场的±320 kV/1 100 MW柔性直流送出系统仿真模型;基于时域仿真,研究了柔性直流系统的过电压特性,并且基于提出的避雷器的配置方案,给出了柔性直流换流站的主设备绝缘水平。研究成果填补相关领域研究的空白,可为未来国内类似工程提供重要的参考依据。
With its unique technical advantages, flexible DC system is gradually becoming the mainstream scheme for large-scale offshore wind farm integration. Considering the lack of related research at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of flexible DC system on this occasion. First, the basic layout of the flexible DC system is introduced, including the topology, the main electrical equipment in converter station and the grounding schemes. Second, basic principles for studying the overvoltage protection and insulation coordination are discussed, which mainly involves the selection of the typical fault, the voltage observation point, and the configuration scheme of arresters. Last,based on a planning ±320 kV/1 100 MW flexible DC system for wind farm integration, the simulation is carried out on PSCAD/EMTDC, and the overvoltage characteristics are studied. The paper also determined the insulation levels of the main electrical equipment. The research conclusions fill the gap in this field, which could serve as an important reference for similar practical projects in the future.
With its unique technical advantages, flexible DC system is gradually becoming the mainstream scheme for large-scale offshore wind farm integration. Considering the lack of related research at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the overvoltage protection and insulation coordination of flexible DC system on this occasion. First, the basic layout of the flexible DC system is introduced, including the topology, the main electrical equipment in converter station and the grounding schemes. Second, basic principles for studying the overvoltage protection and insulation coordination are discussed, which mainly involves the selection of the typical fault, the voltage observation point, and the configuration scheme of arresters. Last,based on a planning ±320 kV/1 100 MW flexible DC system for wind farm integration, the simulation is carried out on PSCAD/EMTDC, and the overvoltage characteristics are studied. The paper also determined the insulation levels of the main electrical equipment. The research conclusions fill the gap in this field, which could serve as an important reference for similar practical projects in the future.
引文
[1]国家能源局.风电发展“十三五”规划[R].北京:国家能源局,2016.National Energy Administration. 13th “Five-Year” plan for wind power development[R]. Beijing:National Energy Administration, 2016.
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[3] GLASDAM J. Review on multi-level voltage source converter based HVDC technologies for grid connection of large offshore wind farms[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.[S.l.]:IEEE, 2012:1-6.
[4]管敏渊,徐政.MMC型柔性直流输电系统无源网络供电的直接电压控制[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(12):1-5.GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng. Direct voltage control of MMCbased VSC-HVDC system for passive networks[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2012,32(12):1-5.
[5] HUSSENNETHER V, RITTIGER J, BARTH A, et al. Projects BorWin2 and HelWinl-large scale multilevel voltagesourced converter technology for bundling of offshore windpower[C]//CIGRE Session.[S.l.]:CIGRE,2012:306.
[6] JACOBSON B. VSC-HVDC transmission with cascaded twolevel converters[C]//CIGRE Conference. Paris, France:CI-GRE, 2010:1-8.
[7]管敏渊,徐政,屠卿瑞,等.模块化多电平换流器型直流输电的调制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2):48-52.GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng, TU Qingrui, et al. Nearest level modulation for modular multilevel converters in HVDC transmission[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(2):48-52.
[8]陈凌云,程改红,邵冲,等.LCC-MMC型三端混合直流输电系统控制策略研究[J].高压电器,2018,54(7):146-152.CHEN Linyun, CHENG Gaihong, SHAO Chong, et al.Research on control strategy for a 3 terminal LCC-MMC HVDC transmission system[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(7):146-152.
[9]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰.基于改进拓扑的MMC-HVDC控制策略仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2015, 35(5):1032-1040.ZHANG Jianpo, ZHAO Chengyong, SUN Haifeng. Simulations of control strategies in MMC-HVDC with an improved topology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015,35(5):1032-1040.
[10]林卫星,文劲宇,刘伟增.架空柔性直流输电系统全桥模块比例设计与无闭锁控制[J].南方电网技术,2018,12(2):3-11.LIN Weixing, WEN Jinyu, LIU Weizeng. Full bridge submodule proportion design and non-blocking control of overhead MMC-HVDC transimssion system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015,35(5):1032-1040.
[11]周浩,沈扬,李敏,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程换流站绝缘配合[J].电网技术,2013, 37(4):879-890.ZHOU Hao, SHEN Yang, LI Min, et al. Research on insulation coordination for converter stations of Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission project[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(4):879-890.
[12]张哲任,徐政,薛英林,等.多端MMC-HVDC系统共用接地点的研究[J].高电压技术,2013,39(11):2783-2790.ZHANG Zheren, XU Zheng, XUE Yinglin, et al. Common grounding electrode schemes for multi-terminal MMCbased HVDC[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013,39(11):2783-2790.
[13]李泓志,吴文宣,贺之渊,等.高压大容量柔性直流输电系统绝缘配合[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1903-1908.LI Hongzhi, WU Wenxuan, HE Zhiyuan, et al. Insulation coordination for the high-voltage bulk power transmission VSC-HVDC systems[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1903-1908.
[14]郭亚勋,刘刚,梁嘉浩,等.海上风电场电缆集电网不对称短路暂态过电压仿真分析[J].高压电器,2018,54(5):204-209.GUO Yaxun, LIU Gang, LIANG Jiahao, et al. Simulation analysis on transient overvoltage of asymmetric short circuit in cable collector networks of offshore wind farm[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018,54(5):204-209.
[15]于永生,冯延晖,江红鑫,等.海上风电经VSC-MTDC并网研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):24-33.YU Yongsheng, FENG Yanhui, JIANG Hongxin, et al.Research on offshore wind farm integration via VSC-MTDC[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2015,51(10):24-33.
[16]韦延方,卫志农,孙国强,等.适用于电压源换流器型高压直流输电的模块化多电平换流器最新研究进展[J].高电压技术,2012,38(5):1243-1252.WEI Yanfang, WEI Zhinong, SUN Guoqiang, et al. New prospects of modular multilevel converter applied to voltage source converter high voltage direct current transmission[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2012,38(5):1243-1252.
[17]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2017.XU Zheng. Voltage source converter based HVDC power transmission systems[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:China Machine Press, 2017.
[18]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007, 33(1):1-10.XU Zheng,CHEN Hairong. Review and applications of VSC HVDC[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2007,33(1):1-10.
[19]张哲任,徐政,徐雨哲,等.高压直流输电基本测试系统[J].广东电力,2018,31(9):2-12.ZHANG Zheren, XU Zheng, XU Yuzhe, et al. Basic benchmark models of HVDC system[J]. Guangdong Electrical Power, 2018,31(9):2-12.
[20]徐政,薛英林,张哲任.大容量架空线柔性直流输电关键技术及前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5051-5062.XU Zheng, XUE Yinglin, ZHANG Zheren. VSC-HVDC technology suitable for bulk power overhead line transmission[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014,34(29):5051-5062.
[21]柔性直流输电系统成套设计规范:GB/T 35703-2017[S].2017.Specification of system design for high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission using voltage sourced converters(VSC):GB/T 35703-2017[S].2017.
[2]陈鹤林,徐政.海上风电场柔性直流输电并网系统暂态特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(2):430-439.CHEN Helin, XU Zheng. Study on transient behavior of DC flexibleon-grid transmission system in offshore wind farm[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2015,36(2):430-439.
[3] GLASDAM J. Review on multi-level voltage source converter based HVDC technologies for grid connection of large offshore wind farms[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.[S.l.]:IEEE, 2012:1-6.
[4]管敏渊,徐政.MMC型柔性直流输电系统无源网络供电的直接电压控制[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(12):1-5.GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng. Direct voltage control of MMCbased VSC-HVDC system for passive networks[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2012,32(12):1-5.
[5] HUSSENNETHER V, RITTIGER J, BARTH A, et al. Projects BorWin2 and HelWinl-large scale multilevel voltagesourced converter technology for bundling of offshore windpower[C]//CIGRE Session.[S.l.]:CIGRE,2012:306.
[6] JACOBSON B. VSC-HVDC transmission with cascaded twolevel converters[C]//CIGRE Conference. Paris, France:CI-GRE, 2010:1-8.
[7]管敏渊,徐政,屠卿瑞,等.模块化多电平换流器型直流输电的调制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2):48-52.GUAN Minyuan, XU Zheng, TU Qingrui, et al. Nearest level modulation for modular multilevel converters in HVDC transmission[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(2):48-52.
[8]陈凌云,程改红,邵冲,等.LCC-MMC型三端混合直流输电系统控制策略研究[J].高压电器,2018,54(7):146-152.CHEN Linyun, CHENG Gaihong, SHAO Chong, et al.Research on control strategy for a 3 terminal LCC-MMC HVDC transmission system[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(7):146-152.
[9]张建坡,赵成勇,孙海峰.基于改进拓扑的MMC-HVDC控制策略仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2015, 35(5):1032-1040.ZHANG Jianpo, ZHAO Chengyong, SUN Haifeng. Simulations of control strategies in MMC-HVDC with an improved topology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015,35(5):1032-1040.
[10]林卫星,文劲宇,刘伟增.架空柔性直流输电系统全桥模块比例设计与无闭锁控制[J].南方电网技术,2018,12(2):3-11.LIN Weixing, WEN Jinyu, LIU Weizeng. Full bridge submodule proportion design and non-blocking control of overhead MMC-HVDC transimssion system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015,35(5):1032-1040.
[11]周浩,沈扬,李敏,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程换流站绝缘配合[J].电网技术,2013, 37(4):879-890.ZHOU Hao, SHEN Yang, LI Min, et al. Research on insulation coordination for converter stations of Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission project[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(4):879-890.
[12]张哲任,徐政,薛英林,等.多端MMC-HVDC系统共用接地点的研究[J].高电压技术,2013,39(11):2783-2790.ZHANG Zheren, XU Zheng, XUE Yinglin, et al. Common grounding electrode schemes for multi-terminal MMCbased HVDC[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013,39(11):2783-2790.
[13]李泓志,吴文宣,贺之渊,等.高压大容量柔性直流输电系统绝缘配合[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1903-1908.LI Hongzhi, WU Wenxuan, HE Zhiyuan, et al. Insulation coordination for the high-voltage bulk power transmission VSC-HVDC systems[J]. Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1903-1908.
[14]郭亚勋,刘刚,梁嘉浩,等.海上风电场电缆集电网不对称短路暂态过电压仿真分析[J].高压电器,2018,54(5):204-209.GUO Yaxun, LIU Gang, LIANG Jiahao, et al. Simulation analysis on transient overvoltage of asymmetric short circuit in cable collector networks of offshore wind farm[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018,54(5):204-209.
[15]于永生,冯延晖,江红鑫,等.海上风电经VSC-MTDC并网研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):24-33.YU Yongsheng, FENG Yanhui, JIANG Hongxin, et al.Research on offshore wind farm integration via VSC-MTDC[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2015,51(10):24-33.
[16]韦延方,卫志农,孙国强,等.适用于电压源换流器型高压直流输电的模块化多电平换流器最新研究进展[J].高电压技术,2012,38(5):1243-1252.WEI Yanfang, WEI Zhinong, SUN Guoqiang, et al. New prospects of modular multilevel converter applied to voltage source converter high voltage direct current transmission[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2012,38(5):1243-1252.
[17]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2017.XU Zheng. Voltage source converter based HVDC power transmission systems[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:China Machine Press, 2017.
[18]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007, 33(1):1-10.XU Zheng,CHEN Hairong. Review and applications of VSC HVDC[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2007,33(1):1-10.
[19]张哲任,徐政,徐雨哲,等.高压直流输电基本测试系统[J].广东电力,2018,31(9):2-12.ZHANG Zheren, XU Zheng, XU Yuzhe, et al. Basic benchmark models of HVDC system[J]. Guangdong Electrical Power, 2018,31(9):2-12.
[20]徐政,薛英林,张哲任.大容量架空线柔性直流输电关键技术及前景展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5051-5062.XU Zheng, XUE Yinglin, ZHANG Zheren. VSC-HVDC technology suitable for bulk power overhead line transmission[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014,34(29):5051-5062.
[21]柔性直流输电系统成套设计规范:GB/T 35703-2017[S].2017.Specification of system design for high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission using voltage sourced converters(VSC):GB/T 35703-2017[S].2017.
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