科学学会的功能演化过程研究——中国力学学会和辽宁省造船工程学会的纵向案例分析
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摘要
科学学会在国家创新体系中所承担的重要功能已经广受关注,有必要考察我国科学学会功能的演化过程及其未来演化趋势。本文采用纵向探索性案例研究方法,对中国力学学会和辽宁造船工程学会20年功能演变的历程进行考察,得到以下结论:一是科学学会所从事的知识活动具有"全息性",即科学学会不仅仅从事知识转移活动,还同时发挥了促进知识生产和应用的作用;二是无论偏重基础科学研究还是偏重应用科学研究的科学学会,在坚持知识转移作为科学学会核心功能的同时,还应看到知识生产、知识转移和知识应用三类功能均衡发展,实现三类功能之间互促和耦合,这种耦合关系伴随学会的发展呈现趋强的趋势。
The important functions of scientific societies in the national innovation system have attracted wide attention. It is necessary to investigate the evolution process of the functions of Chinese scientific societies and their future trends. In this paper, a longitudinal exploratory case study method is used to investigate the evolution of the functions of the Chinese Society of Mechanics and Liaoning Society of Shipbuilding Engineering in the past 20 years. The following findings are obtained: Firstly, the knowledge activities of the Scientific Society are "holographic". That is to say, the Scientific Society not only engages in knowledge transfer activities, but also promotes the role of knowledge production and application. Secondly, regardless of the emphasis on basic science research or applied science research, while insisting on the knowledge transfer of academic exchange as the core function of scientific society, we should also see the balanced development of knowledge production, knowledge transfer and knowledge application, realizing the mutual promotion and coupling among the three functions. The development trend of the relationship is stronger along with the development of the society.
The important functions of scientific societies in the national innovation system have attracted wide attention. It is necessary to investigate the evolution process of the functions of Chinese scientific societies and their future trends. In this paper, a longitudinal exploratory case study method is used to investigate the evolution of the functions of the Chinese Society of Mechanics and Liaoning Society of Shipbuilding Engineering in the past 20 years. The following findings are obtained: Firstly, the knowledge activities of the Scientific Society are "holographic". That is to say, the Scientific Society not only engages in knowledge transfer activities, but also promotes the role of knowledge production and application. Secondly, regardless of the emphasis on basic science research or applied science research, while insisting on the knowledge transfer of academic exchange as the core function of scientific society, we should also see the balanced development of knowledge production, knowledge transfer and knowledge application, realizing the mutual promotion and coupling among the three functions. The development trend of the relationship is stronger along with the development of the society.
引文
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[2] 徐渭.坚持一个方向保持两个特色实现三力并举:十八年学会工作经验浅析[J].学会,1997(4):19.
[3] 王名.中国社团改革:从政府选择到社会选择[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001:1.
[4] 中国科学技术协会学会学术部.科技社团改革创新与发展研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2008:1.
[5] 王春法.充分发挥科技社团在国家创新体系建设中的作用[J].科协论坛,2006,21(11):4.
[6] 蔡瑞娜. 科技社团在国家创新体系中促进知识流动的积极作用[A]//中国科协学会服务中心、湖北省科学技术协会.科技社团发展与国家创新体系建设:2007中国科协年会第十五分会场论文集[C].中国科协学会服务中心、湖北省科学技术协会:湖北省科学技术协会,2007:8.
[7] 王兴成, 莫作钦.经济体制的转换与学会功能的调整[J].科协论坛,1994(6):17.
[8] 张国玲, 田旭.欧美国家科技社团发展的机制与借鉴[J].科技管理研究,2011(4):24.
[9] 王忠.科技社团在国家创新体系中的地位和角色[J].知识经济,2011(1):6.
[10] 钟荣丙.国家创新体系的系统构成及建设重心[J].系统科学学报,2008,16(3):59.
[11] 刘则渊.关于教育、科技、经济一体化的理论构建:一种人类活动系统的全息结构图像, 论科学技术与发展[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1997:1.
[12] 崔永华,李正风,尹雪辉,等.跨边界组织在国家创新体系中的作用及路径选择:以学会为例[J].中国科技论坛,2011(6):101.
[13] 李敏,罗晖,徐雨森.从知识活动的全息性看科学学会功能的扩展[J].学会,2017(11):11.
[14] GLASER B G.Basics of grounded theory analysis:emergence vs forcing[M].Mill Valley:Sociology Press,1992:1.
[15] PETTIGREW A M,WOODMAN W R,CAMERON S K.Studying organizational change and development: challenges for future research[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(4):697.
[16] 贾旭东,谭新辉.经典扎根理论及其精神对中国管理研究的现实价值[J].管理学报,2010,7(5):656.
[17] 徐淑英,刘忠明.中国企业管理的前沿问题研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004:1.
[18] MILES M B,HUBERMAN A M.Qualitative data analysis:an expanded sourcebook[M].London:Sage,1994:1.
[19] OLE R H.Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities[J].Addison-Wesley,1969,14(11):137.
[20] HESSELS L K,VAN L H.Re-thinking new knowledge production:a literature review and a research agenda[J].Research Policy,2008,37(4):740.
[21] 张思光,缪航,曾家焱.知识生产新模式下科技社团科技评价的功能研究[J].管理评论,2013,25(11):115.
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