中国工业技术进步偏向差异性测算及分解
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摘要
文章在内生经济增长理论下构建了要素配置、研发效率与技术进步偏向的分析框架,并利用1980—2017年中国工业行业数据进行实证检验。结果显示:中国工业资本与劳动之间呈互补关系;在样本期内技术进步大致偏向资本,但这与中国的要素禀赋结构不匹配。在1981—2017年研发效率对技术进步偏向的贡献度超过了要素投入效率的贡献度;在1981—2003年研发效率是导致技术进步偏向资本的主要原因,而在2004—2017年要素投入效率是影响技术进步偏向资本的主要原因。
This paper constructs an analytical framework of factor allocation, research and development(R&D) efficiency and technology progress bias under the theory of endogenous economic growth, and then conducts an empirical test with China's industrial data from 1980 to 2017. The results show that there is a complementary relationship between China's industrial capital and labor; in the sample period, technology progress is generally skewed towards capital, but this does not match China's factor endowment structure. From 1981 to 2017, the contribution of R&D efficiency to technology progress deviation exceeded that of factor input efficiency. From 1981 to 2003, R&D is the main reason that technology progress favored capital, while from 2004 to 2017,factor input efficiency is the main reason for technology progress to favor capital.
This paper constructs an analytical framework of factor allocation, research and development(R&D) efficiency and technology progress bias under the theory of endogenous economic growth, and then conducts an empirical test with China's industrial data from 1980 to 2017. The results show that there is a complementary relationship between China's industrial capital and labor; in the sample period, technology progress is generally skewed towards capital, but this does not match China's factor endowment structure. From 1981 to 2017, the contribution of R&D efficiency to technology progress deviation exceeded that of factor input efficiency. From 1981 to 2003, R&D is the main reason that technology progress favored capital, while from 2004 to 2017,factor input efficiency is the main reason for technology progress to favor capital.
引文
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[2]David P A,Van de Klundert T.Biased Efficiency Growth and Capital-labor Substitution in the US,1899-1960[J].The American Economic Review,1965.
[3]Nordhaus W D.Some Skeptical Thoughts on the Theory of Induced Innovation[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1973.
[4]Acemoglu D.Directed Technical Change[J].The Review of Economic Studies,2002,69(4).
[5]Acemoglu D.Equilibrium Bias of Technology[J].Econometrica,2007,75(5).
[6]Klump R,McAdam P,Willman A.Unwrapping Some Euro Area Growth Puzzles:Factor Substitution,Productivity and Unemployment[J].Journal of Macroeconomics,2008,30(2).
[7]Sato R,Morita T.Quantity or Quality:The Impact of Labour Saving Innovation on US and Japanese Growth Rates,1960-2004[J].Japanese Economic Review,2009,60(4).
[8]邓明.人口年龄结构与中国省际技术进步方向[J].经济研究,2014,(3).
[9]刘小鲁.要素价格扭曲与我国企业的R&D支出[R].北京:中国人民大学经济研究所,2012.
[10]刘小鲁.知识产权保护,自主研发比重与后发国家的技术进步[J].管理世界,2011,(10).
[11]钟世川,刘岳平.中国工业技术进步偏向研究[J].云南财经大学学报,2014,(2).
[12]李小平,李小克.偏向性技术进步与中国工业全要素生产率增长[J].经济研究,2018,(10).
[13]陈倩一.中国工业分行业统计数据估算:1980-2008[J].经济学(季刊),2011,10(3).