沟道松散物质起动模型试验及冲出量预测——四川省以北川青林沟为例
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摘要
震后沟道松散物质起动并形成泥石流的一次性固体冲出量是衡量泥石流规模以及后期泥石流治理的重要指标。因此利用现有的野外资料,考虑不同沟床粗糙程度、沟道坡度和降雨强度3种影响因素,开展室内模型实验,研究其一次性固体冲出量的规律,得到了青林沟泥石流的一次性固体冲出量的计算模型。通过与历史泥石流冲出量进行验证和与其他计算模型进行比较,发现该模型具有预见性、准确性和便捷性的特点,同时也为该地区类似泥石流防灾减灾起到一定的指导作用。
A one-time runout volume of debris flow formed after earthquake is an important index to measure the scale of debris flow and the control of debris flow in the future. Therefore, using the existing field data and taking three influencing factors into account(ditch bed roughness degree, ditch slope, rainfall intensity), the laboratory model experiment was carried out to study the law of one-time solid runout amount of Qinglin gully and its calculation model was obtained. Through verification with historical debris flow and comparison with other calculation models, it is found that this model has the features of predictability, accuracy and convenience, which can play a guiding role in disaster prevention and reduction of similar debris flows in this region.
A one-time runout volume of debris flow formed after earthquake is an important index to measure the scale of debris flow and the control of debris flow in the future. Therefore, using the existing field data and taking three influencing factors into account(ditch bed roughness degree, ditch slope, rainfall intensity), the laboratory model experiment was carried out to study the law of one-time solid runout amount of Qinglin gully and its calculation model was obtained. Through verification with historical debris flow and comparison with other calculation models, it is found that this model has the features of predictability, accuracy and convenience, which can play a guiding role in disaster prevention and reduction of similar debris flows in this region.
引文
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[22] 庄建琦,崔鹏,胡凯衡,等.沟道松散物质起动形成泥石流试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010,42(5):230-236.
[2] Ikeya H.A method of designation for areas in danger of debris flow,in Erosion and sediment transport in Pacific Rim steeplands[C]//International Association of Hydrological Sciences.Christchurch:New Zealand,Publication,1981.
[3] Ikeya H dMizuyama T.Flow and deposit properties of debris flow[R].Tsukuba:PublicWorks Research Institute,1982.
[4] 杜榕桓.泥石流观测与研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[5] Takei A.Interdependence of sediment budget between individual torrents and ariver-system[C]//International Symposium Interpraevent,Villach,1984.
[6] Bovis M J,Jakob M.The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flowactivity[J].Earth Surf Proc Land,1999(24):1039-1054.
[7] Joseph E,Susan H,Paul M.Empirical models to predict the volumes of debris flows generatedby recently burned basins in the western U.S[J].Geomorphology,2008(96)339-354.
[8] 王继康.泥石流防治工程技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1996.
[9] Ma C,Hu K H.Comparison of debris flow volume and activity under different formation conditions[J].Natnral Hazard,2013,67(2):261-273.
[10] Chang W C,Ping S L,Cheng L T.Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2011(123):83-90.
[11] 田运涛,王高峰,高幼龙,等.基于组合赋权模糊综合评价的泥石流危险度评价:以白龙江中游为例[J].人民长江,2018,49(S1):81 -85.
[12] 翟淑花,高谦,张玲玲.泥石流松散物源堆积体启动预警判据研究[J].人民长江,2017,48(S2):129-132.
[13] 宋兵,沈军辉,李金洋,等.RAMMS在泥石流运动模拟中的应用:以白沙沟泥石流为例[J].泥沙研究,2018,43(1):32-37.
[14] 方群生,张卫旭,夏晨皓,等暴雨沟谷型泥石流冲出量和冲出范围研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(7):5-10.
[15] 方群生,唐川.汶川8.0级地震震区溃决型和一般型泥石流冲出量研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(1):66-71.
[16] 王纳纳.汶川震区泥石流冲出规模的预测评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[17] 蒋志林.基于RS的震区泥石流物源演化特征分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.
[18] 王协康,方铎.泥石流模型试验相似律分析[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2000(3):9-12.
[19] 李书钦,高建恩,邵辉,等.选沙对水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验侵蚀过程相似的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):6-10.
[20] 游勇,柳金峰,欧国强.泥石流常用排导槽水力条件的比较[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006(S1):2820-2825.
[21] Chen N S,Zhou W,Yang C L,et al.The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content[J].Geomorphology,2010,121 (3-4):222-230.
[22] 庄建琦,崔鹏,胡凯衡,等.沟道松散物质起动形成泥石流试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010,42(5):230-236.