渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷沙三段泥页岩储层孔隙微观特征及其对油气滞留的意义
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摘要
结合基础地化特征,对渤海湾盆地沙三段泥页岩进行XRD全岩矿物测试、镜下薄片鉴定和扫描电镜观察、低温氮气吸附实验,分析泥页岩储层孔隙空间的微观结构特征,并在此基础上研究沙三段泥页岩储集空间发育的影响因素,阐述孔隙发育对泥页岩油气富集的意义。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段泥页岩可划分为粉砂质泥页岩、灰质泥页岩和膏质泥页岩,其地化特征非均质性很强,显示出油气在沙三段泥页岩中的富集特征十分复杂。沙三段泥页岩中发育有粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙、有机孔及裂缝,不同岩性中的主要孔隙类型及孔隙分布存在差异。低压氮气吸附实验显示出沙三段泥页岩孔径分布体系可分为微孔主导、大孔主导和多孔径共控3种孔隙结构。沉积作用及成岩作用对沙三段泥页岩孔隙网络的发育均有影响,沉积环境为不同类型孔隙在各个岩性中的发育奠定基础,成岩作用在泥页岩埋藏过程中对孔隙网络起改造作用,大孔隙和微裂缝为液态烃及游离气的主要富集场所,微孔及介孔能够为吸附气提供吸附位,溶解气对于页岩油的开发具有重要意义。
The Es~3 shales in Dongpu Sag were studied with XRD analysis,thin section and SEM observation,and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment based on their basic geochemical characteristics. Microscopic characteristics of shale pores were analyzed,and thus controlling factors of shale pore development and its significance for hydrocarbon retention in shales have been identified. Results show: the Es~3 shales in Dongpu Sag can be classified into silty shales,calcareous shales and gypsum shales according to their mineral compositions; the strong heterogeneity in shales' geochemical characteristics reflects a complex hydrocarbon retention pattern in Es~3 shales; several pore types including interparticle,intraparticle and organic-matter pores and fractures,are identified in Es~3 shales with different lithologies dominated by different pore types; the pore systems in Es~3 shales can be dominated by micropores,macropores,or pores of multiple diameters based on low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiment; pore development in Es~3 shales is affected by both deposition and diagenesis,with deposition environment laying the foundation for pore development in various lithologies and diagenesis modifying pore structures during shale burial,respectively; oil and free gas mainly accumulate in large pores and mi-crofractures,and micro-and meso-pores provide sites for adsorbed gas,while solution gas is of great significance to develop shale oil/gas resources.
The Es~3 shales in Dongpu Sag were studied with XRD analysis,thin section and SEM observation,and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment based on their basic geochemical characteristics. Microscopic characteristics of shale pores were analyzed,and thus controlling factors of shale pore development and its significance for hydrocarbon retention in shales have been identified. Results show: the Es~3 shales in Dongpu Sag can be classified into silty shales,calcareous shales and gypsum shales according to their mineral compositions; the strong heterogeneity in shales' geochemical characteristics reflects a complex hydrocarbon retention pattern in Es~3 shales; several pore types including interparticle,intraparticle and organic-matter pores and fractures,are identified in Es~3 shales with different lithologies dominated by different pore types; the pore systems in Es~3 shales can be dominated by micropores,macropores,or pores of multiple diameters based on low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiment; pore development in Es~3 shales is affected by both deposition and diagenesis,with deposition environment laying the foundation for pore development in various lithologies and diagenesis modifying pore structures during shale burial,respectively; oil and free gas mainly accumulate in large pores and mi-crofractures,and micro-and meso-pores provide sites for adsorbed gas,while solution gas is of great significance to develop shale oil/gas resources.
引文
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[19] Shao X,Pang X,Li Q,et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of organic-rich shales:A case study of the lower Silurian Longmaxi shales in the Sichuan Basin,SW China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,80:192-202.
[20]杨峰,宁正福,张世栋,等.基于氮气吸附实验的页岩孔隙结构表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):135-140.Yang Feng,Ning Zhengfu,Zhang Shidong,et al. Characterization of pore structures in shales through nitrogen adsorption experiment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):135-140.
[21] Higgs K E,Zwingmann H,Reyes A G,et al. Diagenesis,porosity evolution,and petroleum emplacement in tight gas reservoirs,Taranaki basin,New Zealand[J]. Jourmal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77,1003-1025.
[22] Ma B,Cao Y,Jia Y. Feldspar dissolution with implications for reservoir quality in tight gas sandstones:Evidence from the Eocene Es4 interval,Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,150:74-84.
[23]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616-620.Li Juyuan. Analysis on mineral components and frangibility of shales in Dongying Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):616-620.
[24]孔令明,万茂霞,严玉霞,等.四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩储层成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(8):1547-1555.Kong Lingming,Wan Maoxia,Yan Yuxia,et al. Reservoir diagenesis research of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,1(3):203-211.
[25]郭秋麟,陈晓明,宋焕琪,等.泥页岩埋藏过程孔隙度演化与预测模型探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(3):439-449.Guo Qiulin,Chen Xiaoming,Song Huanqi,et al. Evolution and models of shale porosity during burial process[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(3):439-449.
[26]王淼,陈勇,徐兴友,等.泥质岩中纤维状结构脉体成因机制及其与油气活动关系研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(10):1107-1118.Wang Miao,Chen Yong,Xu Xingyou,et al. Progress on formation mechanism of the fibrous veins in mudstone and its implications to hydrocarbon migration[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(10):1107-1118.
[27]包友书,张林晔,张金功,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系页岩油可动性影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):408-414.Bao Youshu,Zhang Linye,Zhang Jingong,et al. Factors influencing mobility of Paleogene shale oil in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(3):408-414.
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[29]张林晔,包友书,李钜源,等.湖相页岩油可动性——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):641-649.Zhang Linye,Bao Youshu,Li Juyuan,et al. Movability of lacustrine shale oil:A case study of Dongying Sag,Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration&Development,2014,41(6):641-649.
[2]邹才能,杨智,崔景伟,等.页岩油形成机制,地质特征及发展对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):14-26.Zou Caineng,Yang Zhi,Cui Jingwei,et al. Formation mechanism,geological characteristics and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum exploration&development,2013,40(1):14-26.
[3]姜福杰,庞雄奇,欧阳学成,等.世界页岩气研究概况及中国页岩气资源潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):198-211.Jiang Fujie,Pang Xiongqi,Ouyang Xuecheng,et al. The main progress and problems of shale gas study and the potential prediction of shale gas exploration[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):198-211.
[4] Ross D J K,Bustin R M. Characterizing the shale gas resource potential of Devonian-Mississippian strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin:Application of an integrated formation evaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(1):87-125.
[5]骆杨,赵彦超,吕新华.东濮凹陷柳屯洼陷沙河街组三段上亚段盐间泥页岩储层特征[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):293-300.Luo Yang,Zhao Yanchang,Lv Xinhua. Characterization of the upper Es3inter-salt shale reservoir in Liutun sag,Dongpu Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):293-300.
[6]邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理,地质特征与资源前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shejiao,et al. Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration&Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[7] Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al. Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[8] Slatt R M,O'Brien N R. Pore types in the Barnett and Woodford gas shales:Contribution to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine-grained rocks[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2017-2030.
[9]姜福杰,庞雄奇,姜振学,等.烃源岩滞留油气作用及其对泥页岩含油气率的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(6):2439-2448.Jiang Fujie,Pang Xiongqi,Jiang Zhenxue,et al. Residual oil and gas in source rocks and its influence on oil and gas rate in shale[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,44(6):2439-2448.
[10]张鹏,张金川,黄宇琪.东濮凹陷北部沙三段泥页岩岩相特征[J].科学技术与工程,2015(21):1-6.Zhang Peng,Zhang Jingchuan,Huang Yuqi. The lithofacies characteristics of Es3in the northern Dongpu Depression[J]. Science Technology&Engineering,2015(21):1-6.
[11]周进松,于兴河,杜海峰,等.东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三中段沉积体系特征及充填模式[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):90-95.Zhou Jinsong,Yu Xinghe,Du Haifeng,et al. Sedimentary systems and filling models for the middle part of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in northern Dongpu depression[J]. Sedimentary Geology&Tethyan Geology,2010,30(3):90-95.
[12]杜海峰,于兴河,陈发亮.河南省东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段盐岩沉积特征及其石油地质意义[J].古地理学报,2008,10(1):53-62.Du Haifeng,Yu Xinghe,Chen Faliang. Sedimentary characteristics of saltrocks and their petroleum geologic significance of the Member 3 of Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Dongpu Sag,Henan Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(1):53-62.
[13]黄宇琪,张金川,张鹏,等.东濮凹陷北部沙三段泥页岩微观储集空间特征及其主控因素[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(3):8-16.Huang Yuqi,Zhang Jinchuan,Zhang Peng,et al. Microscopic characteristics and main controlling factors of shale reservoir space of Es3Formation,northern Dongpu Depression[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science&Technology,2016,35(3):8-16.
[14]唐令,庞雄奇,徐田武,等.东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩生烃底限及其差异探讨[J].天然气工业,2017,37(2):26-37.Tang Ling,Pang Xiongqi,Xu Tianwu,et al. Hydrocarbon generation thresholds of Paleogene Shahejie Fm source rocks and their northsouth differences in the Dongpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2017.
[15]张晶,鹿坤,蒋飞虎,等.东濮凹陷页岩油气富集条件[J].断块油气田,2015,22(2):184-188.Zhang Jing,Lu Kun,Jiang Feihu,et al. Enrichment condition of shale oil and gas in Dongpu Depression[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(2):184-188.
[16]刘景东,蒋有录,谈玉明,等.渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷膏盐岩与油气的关系[J].沉积学报,2014,32(1):126-137.Liu Jingdong,Jiang Youlu,Tan Yuming,et al. Relationship between gypsum-salt rock and oil-gas in Dongpu Depression of Bohai Gulf Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(1):126-137.
[17] Loucks R G,Reed R M,Ruppel S C,et al. Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrixrelated mudrock pores[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
[18]张顺,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷页岩油储集空间成因及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016(12):1495-1507.Zhang Shun,Liu Huimin,Song Guoqi,et al. Genesis and control factors of shale oil reserving space in Dongying Sag[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016(12):1495-1507.
[19] Shao X,Pang X,Li Q,et al. Pore structure and fractal characteristics of organic-rich shales:A case study of the lower Silurian Longmaxi shales in the Sichuan Basin,SW China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,80:192-202.
[20]杨峰,宁正福,张世栋,等.基于氮气吸附实验的页岩孔隙结构表征[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):135-140.Yang Feng,Ning Zhengfu,Zhang Shidong,et al. Characterization of pore structures in shales through nitrogen adsorption experiment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):135-140.
[21] Higgs K E,Zwingmann H,Reyes A G,et al. Diagenesis,porosity evolution,and petroleum emplacement in tight gas reservoirs,Taranaki basin,New Zealand[J]. Jourmal of Sedimentary Research,2007,77,1003-1025.
[22] Ma B,Cao Y,Jia Y. Feldspar dissolution with implications for reservoir quality in tight gas sandstones:Evidence from the Eocene Es4 interval,Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,150:74-84.
[23]李钜源.东营凹陷泥页岩矿物组成及脆度分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):616-620.Li Juyuan. Analysis on mineral components and frangibility of shales in Dongying Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):616-620.
[24]孔令明,万茂霞,严玉霞,等.四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩储层成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(8):1547-1555.Kong Lingming,Wan Maoxia,Yan Yuxia,et al. Reservoir diagenesis research of Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,1(3):203-211.
[25]郭秋麟,陈晓明,宋焕琪,等.泥页岩埋藏过程孔隙度演化与预测模型探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(3):439-449.Guo Qiulin,Chen Xiaoming,Song Huanqi,et al. Evolution and models of shale porosity during burial process[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(3):439-449.
[26]王淼,陈勇,徐兴友,等.泥质岩中纤维状结构脉体成因机制及其与油气活动关系研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(10):1107-1118.Wang Miao,Chen Yong,Xu Xingyou,et al. Progress on formation mechanism of the fibrous veins in mudstone and its implications to hydrocarbon migration[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(10):1107-1118.
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