非同步机电源接入电网后的谐振问题分析及抑制
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摘要
随着非同步机电源在电网中的占比越来越大,有别于传统功角振荡的电网谐振不稳定问题逐渐显现。为此,文中提出了一种基于s域节点导纳矩阵的网络谐振分析方法,用以分析及抑制含非同步机电源电力系统的谐振问题。首先,介绍了两种非同步机电源的s域阻抗建模方法——小干扰线性化法和测试信号法,重点考虑了内环控制器和锁相环的影响。然后,给出了一套基于s域节点导纳矩阵的网络谐振结构分析方法,并提出了两个描述谐振模式的特征指标,用以确定其主要影响区域和敏感元件参数。最后,以某风电场并网系统为例,对该系统的谐振结构进行了分析,并针对其存在的谐振问题提出了相应的改善措施。分析表明,由于电力电子装置的负电阻效应,含非同步机电源的电力系统确实存在谐振不稳定的风险,需要加以抑制。
With the ever-increasing of unconventional generators in power system,the electrical network resonance instability problems gradually emerge,which is different from the conventional power-angle oscillation.For investigating and suppressing those problems,this paper proposes a resonance analysis method based on the s-domain nodal admittance matrix.Firstly,to describe the unconventional generator,two approaches to establish its s-domain impedance model are introduced,i.e.,the small-disturbance linearization method and the test-signal method.Specially,the inner-loop controller and the phase-locked loop(PLL)are considered in the modelling.Then,based on the s-domain nodal admittance matrix,the resonance structure analysis method of electrical network is proposed.Besides,two indices to determine the main influence area and the sensitive component parameters of the resonant mode are provided.Finally,the above details are illustrated in a wind farm integration system,whose resonance structure is analyzed and the corresponding suppression strategy for the unstable resonant mode is proposed.The analysis indicates that the power system with unconventional generators do have the risk of unstable resonance and need to be suppressed,due to the negative resistance effect of power electronic devices.
With the ever-increasing of unconventional generators in power system,the electrical network resonance instability problems gradually emerge,which is different from the conventional power-angle oscillation.For investigating and suppressing those problems,this paper proposes a resonance analysis method based on the s-domain nodal admittance matrix.Firstly,to describe the unconventional generator,two approaches to establish its s-domain impedance model are introduced,i.e.,the small-disturbance linearization method and the test-signal method.Specially,the inner-loop controller and the phase-locked loop(PLL)are considered in the modelling.Then,based on the s-domain nodal admittance matrix,the resonance structure analysis method of electrical network is proposed.Besides,two indices to determine the main influence area and the sensitive component parameters of the resonant mode are provided.Finally,the above details are illustrated in a wind farm integration system,whose resonance structure is analyzed and the corresponding suppression strategy for the unstable resonant mode is proposed.The analysis indicates that the power system with unconventional generators do have the risk of unstable resonance and need to be suppressed,due to the negative resistance effect of power electronic devices.
引文
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[17]张学广,邱望明,方冉,等.双馈风电机组静止坐标系下阻抗建模及次同步谐振抑制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2019,43(6):41-48.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180824002.ZHANG Xueguang,QIU Wangming,FANG Ran,et al.Impedance modeling and sub-synchronous resonance mitigation strategy of doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine in static reference frame[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(6):41-48.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180824002.
[18]OSTADI A,YAZDANI A,VARMA R K.Modeling and stability analysis of a DFIG-based wind-power generator interfaced with a series-compensated line[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(3):1504-1514.
[19]FAN Lingling,KAVASSERI R,MIAO Z L,et al.Modeling of DFIG-based wind farms for SSR analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(4):2073-2082.
[20]解大,冯俊淇,娄宇成,等.基于三质量块模型的双馈风机小信号建模和模态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(增刊1):21-29.XIE Da,FENG Junqi,LOU Yucheng,et al.Small-signal modelling and modal analysis of DFIG-based wind turbine based on three-mass shaft model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(Supplement 1):21-29.
[21]朱鑫要,孙海顺,陈萌,等.一种构建网络状态空间模型的新方法及其在SSR研究中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):605-612.ZHU Xinyao,SUN Haishun,CHEN Meng,et al.A novel approach to construct the state-space model of power system grid and its application in SSR study[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):605-612.
[22]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.XIE Xiaorong,LIU Huakun,HE Jingbo,et al.Mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full-converter wind turbines and ACsystems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372.
[23]LIU H.HVDC converters impedance modeling and system stability analysis[D].New York,USA:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,2017.
[24]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2017.XU Zheng.Flexible HVDC transmission system[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Machine Press,2017.
[25]徐政,王世佳,邢法财,等.电力网络的谐振稳定性分析方法研究[J].电力建设,2017,38(11):1-8.XU Zheng,WANG Shijia,XING Facai,et al.Qualitative analysis method of electric network resonance stability[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(11):1-8.
[2]TAN Zhongfu,CHEN Kangting,JU Liwei,et al.Issues and solutions of China’s generation resource utilization based on sustainable development[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2016,4(2):147-160.
[3]康重庆,姚良忠.高比例可再生能源电力系统的关键科学问题与理论研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):1-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.KANG Chongqing,YAO Liangzhong.Key scientific issues and theoretical research framework for power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):1-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.
[4]王耀华,焦冰琦,张富强,等.计及高比例可再生能源运行特性的中长期电力发展分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(21):9-16.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170612001.WANG Yaohua,JIAO Bingqi,ZHANG Fuqiang,et al.Medium and long-term electric power development considering operating characteristics of high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(21):9-16.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170612001.
[5]李明节,于钊,许涛,等.新能源并网系统引发的复杂振荡问题及其对策研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1035-1042.LI Mingjie,YU Zhao,XU Tao,et al.Study of complex oscillation caused by renewable energy integration and its solution[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1035-1042.
[6]IEEE Sub-synchronous Resonance Working Group.Terms,definitions and symbols for sub-synchronous oscillations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1985,104(6):1326-1334.
[7]程时杰,曹一家,江全元.电力系统次同步振荡的理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.CHENG Shijie,CAO Yijia,JIANG Quanyuan.Theory and method about sub-synchronous oscillation in power system[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[8]李岩,邹常跃,饶宏,等.柔性直流与极端交流系统间的谐波谐振[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(增刊1):19-23.LI Yan,ZOU Changyue,RAO Hong,et al.Resonance of VSC-HVDC with extreme AC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(Supplement 1):19-23.
[9]CESPEDES M,SUN Jian.Impedance modeling and analysis of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(3):1254-1261.
[10]PIYASINGHE L,MIAO Zhixin,KHAZAEI J,et al.Impedance model-based SSR analysis for TCSC compensated type-3wind energy delivery systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(1):179-187.
[11]HARNEFORS L,WANG X,YEPES A G,et al.Passivitybased stability assessment of grid-connected VSCs-an overview[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2016,4(1):116-125.
[12]年珩,杨洪雨.不平衡运行工况下并网逆变器的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):76-83.NIAN Heng,YANG Hongyu.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of grid connected inverters under unbalanced operation conditions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(10):76-83.
[13]辛焕海,李子恒,董炜,等.三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1277-1293.XIN Huanhai,LI Ziheng,DONG Wei,et al.Generalizedimpedance and stability criterion for grid-connected converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1277-1293.
[14]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.新能源发电并网系统的小信号阻抗/导纳网络建模方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(12):26-32.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170125005.XIE Xiaorong,LIU Huakun,HE Jingbo,et al.Small-signal impedance/admittance network modeling for grid-connected renewable energy generation systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(12):26-32.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170125005.
[15]赵书强,李忍,高本锋.基于状态空间的阻抗分析法在次同步振荡中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(18):25-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170727003.ZHAO Shuqiang,LI Ren,GAO Benfeng.Application of state space based impedance analysis method in sub-synchronous oscillation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(18):25-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170727003.
[16]邹小明,杜雄,王国宁,等.三相并网逆变器频率耦合机理分析及稳定性判定[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(18):57-70.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170823005.ZOU Xiaoming,DU Xiong,WANG Guoning,et al.Frequency coupling mechanism analysis and stability judgement for three-phase grid-connected inverter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(18):57-70.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170823005.
[17]张学广,邱望明,方冉,等.双馈风电机组静止坐标系下阻抗建模及次同步谐振抑制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2019,43(6):41-48.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180824002.ZHANG Xueguang,QIU Wangming,FANG Ran,et al.Impedance modeling and sub-synchronous resonance mitigation strategy of doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine in static reference frame[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(6):41-48.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20180824002.
[18]OSTADI A,YAZDANI A,VARMA R K.Modeling and stability analysis of a DFIG-based wind-power generator interfaced with a series-compensated line[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(3):1504-1514.
[19]FAN Lingling,KAVASSERI R,MIAO Z L,et al.Modeling of DFIG-based wind farms for SSR analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(4):2073-2082.
[20]解大,冯俊淇,娄宇成,等.基于三质量块模型的双馈风机小信号建模和模态分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(增刊1):21-29.XIE Da,FENG Junqi,LOU Yucheng,et al.Small-signal modelling and modal analysis of DFIG-based wind turbine based on three-mass shaft model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(Supplement 1):21-29.
[21]朱鑫要,孙海顺,陈萌,等.一种构建网络状态空间模型的新方法及其在SSR研究中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):605-612.ZHU Xinyao,SUN Haishun,CHEN Meng,et al.A novel approach to construct the state-space model of power system grid and its application in SSR study[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):605-612.
[22]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.XIE Xiaorong,LIU Huakun,HE Jingbo,et al.Mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full-converter wind turbines and ACsystems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372.
[23]LIU H.HVDC converters impedance modeling and system stability analysis[D].New York,USA:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,2017.
[24]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2017.XU Zheng.Flexible HVDC transmission system[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Machine Press,2017.
[25]徐政,王世佳,邢法财,等.电力网络的谐振稳定性分析方法研究[J].电力建设,2017,38(11):1-8.XU Zheng,WANG Shijia,XING Facai,et al.Qualitative analysis method of electric network resonance stability[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(11):1-8.
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