基于Φ-OTDR的光纤传感技术原理及其应用现状
|
摘要
相位敏感光时域反射技术(Φ-OTDR)由于其出色的综合性能而成为目前主流的分布式光纤振动监测方法之一。文章在介绍背向瑞利散射的基础上详细分析了Φ-OTDR系统的传感机理,并对Φ-OTDR系统的空间分辨率、动态范围和灵敏度等关键性能指标及其影响因素和提高方法进行了系统分析,为Φ-OTDR系统实际应用时参数的选择和性能优化提供参考。在此基础上,针对现阶段Φ-OTDR技术在海底电缆、周界防护等领域的应用进行了综述,指出了Φ-OTDR技术存在的一些不足,并对其发展前景进行了总结与展望。
Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer(Φ-OTDR)has become one of the main distributed optical fiber sensing schemes for vibration monitoring due to its excellent comprehensive performance.Based on the introduction of Rayleigh backscattering,the sensing mechanism of theΦ-OTDR system is analyzed in detail in this paper,while the key performance indexes of the spatial resolution,dynamic range and sensitivity of theΦ-OTDR system,and their influencing factors and improving methods are analyzed systematically.On this basis,the application ofΦ-OTDR technology in different aspects such as submarine cable and perimeter protection is reviewed in detail.Finally,some shortcomings ofΦ-OTDR technology are pointed out,while its development trends are summarized and forecasted.
Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer(Φ-OTDR)has become one of the main distributed optical fiber sensing schemes for vibration monitoring due to its excellent comprehensive performance.Based on the introduction of Rayleigh backscattering,the sensing mechanism of theΦ-OTDR system is analyzed in detail in this paper,while the key performance indexes of the spatial resolution,dynamic range and sensitivity of theΦ-OTDR system,and their influencing factors and improving methods are analyzed systematically.On this basis,the application ofΦ-OTDR technology in different aspects such as submarine cable and perimeter protection is reviewed in detail.Finally,some shortcomings ofΦ-OTDR technology are pointed out,while its development trends are summarized and forecasted.
引文
[1] Barnoski M K,Rourke M D,Jensen S M,et al.Optical time domain reflectometer[J].Appl.Opt.,1977,16(9):2375-2379.
[2] Taylor H F,Lee C E.Apparatus and method for fiber optic intrusion sensing:US,US5194847A[P].1993.
[3] Juskaitis R, Mamedov A M, Potapov V T, et al.Interferometry with Rayleigh backscattering in a single-mode optical fiber[J].Opt.Lett.,1994,19(3):225.
[4] Choi K N,Taylor H F.Spectrally stable Er-fiber laser for applicationinphase-sensitiveopticaltime-domain reflectometry[J].IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,2003,15(3):386-388.
[5] Juarez J C,Maier E W,Choi K N,et al.Distributed fiberoptic intrusion sensor system[J].J.of Lightwave Technol.,2005,23(6):2081-2087.
[6]李建中,饶云江,冉曾令,等.基于Φ-OTDR和POTDR结合的分布式光纤微扰传感系统[J].光子学报,2009,38(5):1108-1113.Li Jianzhong,Rao Yunjiang,Ran Zengling,et al.Distributed optical fiber perturbation sensing system based on combination ofΦ-OTDR and POTDR[J].Acta Photon.Sin.,2009,38(5):1108-1113.
[7]王杰,贾新鸿,饶云江,等.基于双向拉曼放大的相位敏感光时域反射仪[J].物理学报,2013,62(4):224-228.Wang Jie,Jia Xinhong,Rao Yunjiang,et al.Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer based on bi-directional Raman amplification[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2013,62(4):224-228.
[8]安阳,封皓,张景川,等.基于双光束干涉的相位敏感光时域反射计[J].光学学报,2013,33(7):33-37.An Yang,Feng Hao,Zhang Jingchuan,et al.Phase sensitive optical time domin reflectometer based on two-beam interference[J].Acta Opt.Sin.,2013,33(7):33-37.
[9]李晓娟.BOTDR传感系统性能提高方法的理论与实验研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.Li Xiaojuan.Theoretical and experimental research on methods for performance improvement of BOTDR sensing system[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.
[10]徐成.基于光纤布里渊散射分布式传感技术研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015.Xu Cheng.The research of optical fiber distributed sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Shiyou University,2015.
[11]张旭萍.分布式光纤传感技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:63-64.Zhang Xuping.Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:63-64.
[12] Derickson D.Fiber Optic Test and Measurement[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall PTR,2002.
[13]李科,杨飞,陈峰华.OTDR原理及其应用[J].山西科技,2010,25(2):46-47,51.Li Ke,Yang Fei,Chen Fenghua.Principle and application of optical time domain reflectometer[J].Shanxi Science and Technol.,2010,25(2):46-47,51.
[14]李阳.基于Φ-OTDR的分布式周界入侵监测系统的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.Li Yang.Study on distributed perimeter intrusion monitoring system based onΦ-OTDR[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2017.
[15]张良.基于Φ-OTDR光纤传感技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉邮电科学研究院,2018.Zhang Liang.Research of optical fiber sensing technology based on phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecomm.,2018.
[16]刘德明,向清,黄德修.光纤光学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995:187-190.Liu Deming,Xiang Qing,Huang Dexiu.Fiber Optics[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1995:187-190.
[17]唐文婧.基于Φ-OTDR的光纤振动监测研究[D].武汉:武汉邮电科学研究院,2015.Tang Wenjing.Research on fiber vibration monitoring based onΦ-OTDR[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommun.,2015.
[18]张博.基于Φ-OTDR的高灵敏光纤振动传感器的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2015.Zhang Bo.Research of high sensitivity optical fiber vibration sensor based onΦ-OTDR[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technol.of China,2015.
[19] Shimizu K,Horiguchi T,Koyamada Y,et al.Coherent self-heterodyne Brillouin OTDR for measurement of Brillouin frequency shift distribution in optical fibers[J].J.of Lightwave Technol.,1994,12(5):730-736.
[20]刁冬梅.基于Φ-OTDR系统的煤炭运输轨道故障监测[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.Diao Dongmei.Coal transportation track fault monitoring based onΦ-OTDR system[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.
[21]饶云江.长距离分布式光纤传感技术研究进展[J].物理学报,2017,66(7):158-176.Rao Yunjiang.Research progress of long-distance distributed optical fiber sensing technology[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2017,66(7):158-176.
[22]王立娜.基于布里渊散射的分布传感技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.Wang Li'na.Research on distributed sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.
[23]赵健.分布式光纤温度传感器空间分辨率研究[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2015.Zhao Jian.Study on spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber temperature sensor[D].Hangzhou:China Jiliang University,2015.
[24]罗源.光脉冲码调制对布里渊光时域分析传感的影响和分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.Luo Yuan.Research on Brillouin optical time domain analysis employing optical pulse coding[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[25] Nazarathy M,Newton S A,Trutna W R.Complementary correlation OTDR with three codewords[J].Electron.Lett.,2002,26(1):70-71.
[26]施羿,封皓,曾周末.Φ-OTDR型分布式全光纤传感器研究进展[J].自动化仪表,2017,38(7):70-74,79.Shi Yi,Feng Hao, Zeng Zhoumo.Research progress of distributed optical fiber sensors based onΦ-OTDR structure[J].Proc.Automation Instrumentation,2017,38(7):70-74,79.
[27] Wang Z N,Zeng J J,Li J,et al.Ultra-long phase-sensitive OTDR with hybrid distributed amplification[J].Opt.Lett.,2014,39(20):5866-5869.
[28]董向华.基于Φ-OTDR技术的海缆扰动监测系统的研究[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2016(3):32-33,38.Dong Xianghua.Research on the submarine cable disturbance monitoring system based onΦ-OTDR technology[J].Opt.Fiber&Electric Cable and Their Appl.,2016(3):32-33,38.
[29]李少卿,吴学智,余贝.Φ-OTDR在海底光缆扰动监测中的应用研究[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2018(2):31-33,40.Li Shaoqing,Wu Xuezhi,Yu Bei.Application research ofΦ-OTDR in submarine optical cable disturbance monitoring[J].Opt.Fiber&Electric Cable and Their Appl.,2018(2):31-33,40.
[30]关晟.高速铁路周界防护技术研究[J].高速铁路技术,2015,6(2):63-67.Guan Sheng.Technology research on perimeter protection on high-speed railway[J].High Speed Railway Technol.,2015,6(2):63-67.
[31]邢八一,徐方辰.光纤周界安防系统技术现状及市场前景分析[J].中国安防,2014(Z1):85-89.Xing Bayi,Xu Fangchen.Analysis of technical status and market prospect of optical fiber perimeter security system[J].China Security&Protection,2014(Z1):85-89.
[32]陈学峰.光纤周界防护系统-具有高探测能力的防御专家[J].中国安防,2008(3):51-54.Chen Xuefeng.Fiber perimeter protection system[J].China Security&Protection,2008(3):51-54.
[33]尤立江.铁路周界入侵报警系统[J].中国铁路,2015(7):66-68.You Lijiang.Railway perimeter intrusion alarm system[J].Chinese Railways,2015(7):66-68.
[34]彭龙,邹琪琳,张敏,等.光纤周界探测技术原理及研究现状[J].激光杂志,2007(4):1-3.Peng Long,Zou Qilin,Zhang Min,et al.Developments in and applications of fiber perimeter detection sensors[J].Laser J.,2007(4):1-3.
[35]陈继宣,龚华平,金尚忠.基于Φ-OTDR的光纤入侵传感器系统的原理及研究进展[J].激光杂志,2009,30(6):4-6.Chen Jixuan,Gong Huaping,Jin Shangzhong.Development and principles of fiber optic intrusion sensor system based onΦ-OTDR[J].Laser J.,2009,30(6):4-6.
[36]司辉,李香文,董晓琪,等.振动光纤技术在天然气站场周界安防中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(10):116-121.Si Hui,Li Xiangwen,Dong Xiaoqi,et al.Application of vibration fiber technology to perimeter security at a natural gas station[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(10):116-121.
[37]高安亮.基于分布式光纤振动传感原理的变电站安防技术研究与应用[J].中国电业(技术版),2014(9):131-133.Gao Anliang.Research and application of substation security technology based on distributed optical fiber vibration sensing principle[J].China Electric Power(Technol.Edi.),2014(9):131-133.
[38]王宇,吴瑞东,董齐,等.用于燃气管道破坏预警的Φ-OTDR技术[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(2):225-227.Wang Yu,Wu Ruidong,Dong Qi,et al.Φ-OTDR technology for destruction alarm of gas pipeline[J].Coal Technol.,2016,35(2):225-227.
[39]沙洲,杨洋,封皓,等.基于Φ-OTDR技术的城市地下供水管网主干线泄漏检测与定位[J].中国仪器仪表,2016(11):72-76.Sha Zhou, Yang Yang, Feng Hao, et al. The urban watersupply pipeline leakage monitoring technique based on phase-sensitive OTDR[J].China Instrumentation,2016(11):72-76.
[40]曲俊蓉,丁宁.基于Φ-OTDR的铁轨异物入侵监测方法[J].工业控制计算机,2017,30(6):95-96,99.Qu Junrong,Ding Ning.A method to monitor railway tracks foreign body invasion based onΦ-OTDR[J].Industry Control Computer,2017,30(6):95-96,99.
[41]杨洋,沙洲,封皓,等.输水管道预警与泄漏定位中Φ-OTDR技术信号处理法[J].激光与光电子学进展,2018,55(4):98-100.Yang Yang,Sha Zhou,Feng Hao,et al.Signal processing method ofΦ-OTDR technology in early warning and leakage positioning of water pipelines[J].Laser&Optoelectron.Progress,2018,55(4):98-100.
[2] Taylor H F,Lee C E.Apparatus and method for fiber optic intrusion sensing:US,US5194847A[P].1993.
[3] Juskaitis R, Mamedov A M, Potapov V T, et al.Interferometry with Rayleigh backscattering in a single-mode optical fiber[J].Opt.Lett.,1994,19(3):225.
[4] Choi K N,Taylor H F.Spectrally stable Er-fiber laser for applicationinphase-sensitiveopticaltime-domain reflectometry[J].IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,2003,15(3):386-388.
[5] Juarez J C,Maier E W,Choi K N,et al.Distributed fiberoptic intrusion sensor system[J].J.of Lightwave Technol.,2005,23(6):2081-2087.
[6]李建中,饶云江,冉曾令,等.基于Φ-OTDR和POTDR结合的分布式光纤微扰传感系统[J].光子学报,2009,38(5):1108-1113.Li Jianzhong,Rao Yunjiang,Ran Zengling,et al.Distributed optical fiber perturbation sensing system based on combination ofΦ-OTDR and POTDR[J].Acta Photon.Sin.,2009,38(5):1108-1113.
[7]王杰,贾新鸿,饶云江,等.基于双向拉曼放大的相位敏感光时域反射仪[J].物理学报,2013,62(4):224-228.Wang Jie,Jia Xinhong,Rao Yunjiang,et al.Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer based on bi-directional Raman amplification[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2013,62(4):224-228.
[8]安阳,封皓,张景川,等.基于双光束干涉的相位敏感光时域反射计[J].光学学报,2013,33(7):33-37.An Yang,Feng Hao,Zhang Jingchuan,et al.Phase sensitive optical time domin reflectometer based on two-beam interference[J].Acta Opt.Sin.,2013,33(7):33-37.
[9]李晓娟.BOTDR传感系统性能提高方法的理论与实验研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.Li Xiaojuan.Theoretical and experimental research on methods for performance improvement of BOTDR sensing system[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.
[10]徐成.基于光纤布里渊散射分布式传感技术研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015.Xu Cheng.The research of optical fiber distributed sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Shiyou University,2015.
[11]张旭萍.分布式光纤传感技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:63-64.Zhang Xuping.Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:63-64.
[12] Derickson D.Fiber Optic Test and Measurement[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall PTR,2002.
[13]李科,杨飞,陈峰华.OTDR原理及其应用[J].山西科技,2010,25(2):46-47,51.Li Ke,Yang Fei,Chen Fenghua.Principle and application of optical time domain reflectometer[J].Shanxi Science and Technol.,2010,25(2):46-47,51.
[14]李阳.基于Φ-OTDR的分布式周界入侵监测系统的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.Li Yang.Study on distributed perimeter intrusion monitoring system based onΦ-OTDR[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2017.
[15]张良.基于Φ-OTDR光纤传感技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉邮电科学研究院,2018.Zhang Liang.Research of optical fiber sensing technology based on phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecomm.,2018.
[16]刘德明,向清,黄德修.光纤光学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995:187-190.Liu Deming,Xiang Qing,Huang Dexiu.Fiber Optics[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1995:187-190.
[17]唐文婧.基于Φ-OTDR的光纤振动监测研究[D].武汉:武汉邮电科学研究院,2015.Tang Wenjing.Research on fiber vibration monitoring based onΦ-OTDR[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Research Institute of Posts and Telecommun.,2015.
[18]张博.基于Φ-OTDR的高灵敏光纤振动传感器的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2015.Zhang Bo.Research of high sensitivity optical fiber vibration sensor based onΦ-OTDR[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technol.of China,2015.
[19] Shimizu K,Horiguchi T,Koyamada Y,et al.Coherent self-heterodyne Brillouin OTDR for measurement of Brillouin frequency shift distribution in optical fibers[J].J.of Lightwave Technol.,1994,12(5):730-736.
[20]刁冬梅.基于Φ-OTDR系统的煤炭运输轨道故障监测[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.Diao Dongmei.Coal transportation track fault monitoring based onΦ-OTDR system[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2015.
[21]饶云江.长距离分布式光纤传感技术研究进展[J].物理学报,2017,66(7):158-176.Rao Yunjiang.Research progress of long-distance distributed optical fiber sensing technology[J].Acta Phys.Sin.,2017,66(7):158-176.
[22]王立娜.基于布里渊散射的分布传感技术研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.Wang Li'na.Research on distributed sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.
[23]赵健.分布式光纤温度传感器空间分辨率研究[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2015.Zhao Jian.Study on spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber temperature sensor[D].Hangzhou:China Jiliang University,2015.
[24]罗源.光脉冲码调制对布里渊光时域分析传感的影响和分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.Luo Yuan.Research on Brillouin optical time domain analysis employing optical pulse coding[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[25] Nazarathy M,Newton S A,Trutna W R.Complementary correlation OTDR with three codewords[J].Electron.Lett.,2002,26(1):70-71.
[26]施羿,封皓,曾周末.Φ-OTDR型分布式全光纤传感器研究进展[J].自动化仪表,2017,38(7):70-74,79.Shi Yi,Feng Hao, Zeng Zhoumo.Research progress of distributed optical fiber sensors based onΦ-OTDR structure[J].Proc.Automation Instrumentation,2017,38(7):70-74,79.
[27] Wang Z N,Zeng J J,Li J,et al.Ultra-long phase-sensitive OTDR with hybrid distributed amplification[J].Opt.Lett.,2014,39(20):5866-5869.
[28]董向华.基于Φ-OTDR技术的海缆扰动监测系统的研究[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2016(3):32-33,38.Dong Xianghua.Research on the submarine cable disturbance monitoring system based onΦ-OTDR technology[J].Opt.Fiber&Electric Cable and Their Appl.,2016(3):32-33,38.
[29]李少卿,吴学智,余贝.Φ-OTDR在海底光缆扰动监测中的应用研究[J].光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2018(2):31-33,40.Li Shaoqing,Wu Xuezhi,Yu Bei.Application research ofΦ-OTDR in submarine optical cable disturbance monitoring[J].Opt.Fiber&Electric Cable and Their Appl.,2018(2):31-33,40.
[30]关晟.高速铁路周界防护技术研究[J].高速铁路技术,2015,6(2):63-67.Guan Sheng.Technology research on perimeter protection on high-speed railway[J].High Speed Railway Technol.,2015,6(2):63-67.
[31]邢八一,徐方辰.光纤周界安防系统技术现状及市场前景分析[J].中国安防,2014(Z1):85-89.Xing Bayi,Xu Fangchen.Analysis of technical status and market prospect of optical fiber perimeter security system[J].China Security&Protection,2014(Z1):85-89.
[32]陈学峰.光纤周界防护系统-具有高探测能力的防御专家[J].中国安防,2008(3):51-54.Chen Xuefeng.Fiber perimeter protection system[J].China Security&Protection,2008(3):51-54.
[33]尤立江.铁路周界入侵报警系统[J].中国铁路,2015(7):66-68.You Lijiang.Railway perimeter intrusion alarm system[J].Chinese Railways,2015(7):66-68.
[34]彭龙,邹琪琳,张敏,等.光纤周界探测技术原理及研究现状[J].激光杂志,2007(4):1-3.Peng Long,Zou Qilin,Zhang Min,et al.Developments in and applications of fiber perimeter detection sensors[J].Laser J.,2007(4):1-3.
[35]陈继宣,龚华平,金尚忠.基于Φ-OTDR的光纤入侵传感器系统的原理及研究进展[J].激光杂志,2009,30(6):4-6.Chen Jixuan,Gong Huaping,Jin Shangzhong.Development and principles of fiber optic intrusion sensor system based onΦ-OTDR[J].Laser J.,2009,30(6):4-6.
[36]司辉,李香文,董晓琪,等.振动光纤技术在天然气站场周界安防中的应用[J].天然气工业,2013,33(10):116-121.Si Hui,Li Xiangwen,Dong Xiaoqi,et al.Application of vibration fiber technology to perimeter security at a natural gas station[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(10):116-121.
[37]高安亮.基于分布式光纤振动传感原理的变电站安防技术研究与应用[J].中国电业(技术版),2014(9):131-133.Gao Anliang.Research and application of substation security technology based on distributed optical fiber vibration sensing principle[J].China Electric Power(Technol.Edi.),2014(9):131-133.
[38]王宇,吴瑞东,董齐,等.用于燃气管道破坏预警的Φ-OTDR技术[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(2):225-227.Wang Yu,Wu Ruidong,Dong Qi,et al.Φ-OTDR technology for destruction alarm of gas pipeline[J].Coal Technol.,2016,35(2):225-227.
[39]沙洲,杨洋,封皓,等.基于Φ-OTDR技术的城市地下供水管网主干线泄漏检测与定位[J].中国仪器仪表,2016(11):72-76.Sha Zhou, Yang Yang, Feng Hao, et al. The urban watersupply pipeline leakage monitoring technique based on phase-sensitive OTDR[J].China Instrumentation,2016(11):72-76.
[40]曲俊蓉,丁宁.基于Φ-OTDR的铁轨异物入侵监测方法[J].工业控制计算机,2017,30(6):95-96,99.Qu Junrong,Ding Ning.A method to monitor railway tracks foreign body invasion based onΦ-OTDR[J].Industry Control Computer,2017,30(6):95-96,99.
[41]杨洋,沙洲,封皓,等.输水管道预警与泄漏定位中Φ-OTDR技术信号处理法[J].激光与光电子学进展,2018,55(4):98-100.Yang Yang,Sha Zhou,Feng Hao,et al.Signal processing method ofΦ-OTDR technology in early warning and leakage positioning of water pipelines[J].Laser&Optoelectron.Progress,2018,55(4):98-100.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |