不同发酵时间对全混合日粮的瘤胃降解特性以及小肠消化率的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究发酵0、3、7、15、30 d的全混合日粮(TMR)对瘤胃降解特性以及小肠消化率的影响。选用3头体重为550 kg左右、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法和三步体外法测定发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解率以及瘤胃未降解蛋白(RUP)的小肠消化率。结果表明:随着发酵时间的延长,FTMR饲料的DM含量显著降低(P<0.05);随着发酵时间的延长,显著提高FTMR的DM、CP、NDF的瘤胃降解率(P<0.05)和CP、NDF的快速降解部分(P <0.05);同时发酵显著降低RUP的小肠消化率(P <0.05)。综上可知,全混合日粮提高了DM、CP和NDF在瘤胃中的瘤胃降解率,15、30 d的FTMR各营养成分的瘤胃降解性较好;RUP的小肠消化率随发酵时间的延长开始逐渐降低,7d之后降低最为明显。因此,应控制好TMR的发酵时间,以便更有效地利用饲料资源。
The objectives of this study were to research the effect of rumen degradability characteristics and intestinal digestibility of Fermented Total Mixed Ration. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 550 kg of body weighted were used to evaluate ruminal degradability of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF), intestinal digestibility of RUP using Nylon bag trial and three-step in vitro procedure. The results showed that the content of DM decreased significantly(P<0.05), others had no changes significantly compared with fresh TMR of 0 days. Along with the storage time, fermentation increased significantly dry matter, crude protein and neutral degradation fiber rumen disappearance and effective degradability of TMR(P<0.05), the DM effective degradation rate of 15 and 30 d was over 50%, the effective degradation rate of CP was over 55% and the effective degradation rate of NDF was approximately 30%; Fermentation increased significantly(P<0.05) fraction of immediately degraded of CP and NDF. But fermentation decreased significantly(P<0.05) intestinal digestibility of(rumen undegradable protein) RUP after 7 days. In conclusion, rumen nutrient disappearance and effective degradability increased(P<0.05), at the same times, causing the decrease of intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein Therefore, Fermentation can keep the nutrition content of total mixed diet. Fermentation can increased rumen degradation rate of nutrients. Fermentation decreased intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein. So, in order to more effectively use feed resources, avoiding waste, fermentation time should be control well in the use of FTMR.
The objectives of this study were to research the effect of rumen degradability characteristics and intestinal digestibility of Fermented Total Mixed Ration. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows averaging 550 kg of body weighted were used to evaluate ruminal degradability of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF), intestinal digestibility of RUP using Nylon bag trial and three-step in vitro procedure. The results showed that the content of DM decreased significantly(P<0.05), others had no changes significantly compared with fresh TMR of 0 days. Along with the storage time, fermentation increased significantly dry matter, crude protein and neutral degradation fiber rumen disappearance and effective degradability of TMR(P<0.05), the DM effective degradation rate of 15 and 30 d was over 50%, the effective degradation rate of CP was over 55% and the effective degradation rate of NDF was approximately 30%; Fermentation increased significantly(P<0.05) fraction of immediately degraded of CP and NDF. But fermentation decreased significantly(P<0.05) intestinal digestibility of(rumen undegradable protein) RUP after 7 days. In conclusion, rumen nutrient disappearance and effective degradability increased(P<0.05), at the same times, causing the decrease of intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein Therefore, Fermentation can keep the nutrition content of total mixed diet. Fermentation can increased rumen degradation rate of nutrients. Fermentation decreased intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein. So, in order to more effectively use feed resources, avoiding waste, fermentation time should be control well in the use of FTMR.
引文
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[17]杨文艳,于锦皓,高阳,等.益生菌对秸秆型全混合日粮发酵效果的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(5):623-628.
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[19]张俊瑜,王加启,王晶,等.裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(3):136-143.
[20]Miyaji M,Matsuyama H,Nonaka K.Effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile,nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet[J].Anim Sci J,2017,88(1):134-139.
[21]张力莉,徐晓锋,金曙光.豆粕蛋白质和玉米蛋白粉蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(7):97-98.
[22]Yang C,Toshiyoshi T,Kenich H,et al.Methane emissions from sheep fed fermented or non-fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2010,157(1):72-78.
[23]李玲,赵秀芬,赵钢.青贮处理对饲料蛋白质组分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(6):110-112.
[24]King K J,Bergen W G,Sniffen C J,et al.An assessment of absorbable lysine requirements in lactating cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1991,74(8):2530-2539.
[25]李飞,李胜利.微贮对秸秆的瘤胃DM和NDF降解率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2000(5):19-21.
[26]张文举,晏向华,龚月生,等.青贮对玉米秸营养价值及其瘤胃ED的影响[J].中国草食动物,2003,23(1):8-10.
[27]孟庆翔译.奶牛营养需要[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社2001:55.
[28]Hvelplund T,Weisbjerg M R.Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition[M].UK:CABI Publishing,2000.
[29]Hristov A N,Ahvenjarvi S,Mcallister T A,et al.Composition and digestive tract retention time of ruminal particles with functional specific gravity greater or less than 1.02[J].J Anim Sci,2003,81(10):2639-2648.
[30]National Research Council(U.S.).Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition[M].Washington,D C:Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle,2001:59-61.
[31]李洋,王明君,李仲玉,等.不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃降解规律与表观消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,201551(7):54-59.
[2]Liu Q H,Li X Y,Desta S T,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and fibrolytic enzyme on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of total mixed rations silage including rape straw[J].J Integr Agri,2016,15(9):2087-2096.
[3]Miyaji M,Matsuyama H.Lactation and digestion in dairy cows fed ensiled total mixed ration containing steam-flaked or ground rice grain[J].Anim Sci J,2016,87(6):767-774.
[4]贾春旺,原现军,肖慎华,等.青稞秸秆替代苇状羊茅对全混合日粮青贮早期发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].草业与畜牧,2016,25(6):179-187.
[5]刘岩,叶建敏,孙凯晶,等.发酵天数对裹包全混合日粮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(3):73-78.
[6]张广宁,王馨影,刘岩,等.发酵对奶牛全混合日粮品质影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2017(3):49-51.
[7]Miyaji M,Matsuyama H,Hosoda K,et al.Milk production,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in lactating cows fed total mixed ration silages containing steam-flaked brown rice as substitute for steam-f laked corn,and wet food byproducts[J].Anim Sci J,2013,84(6):483-488.
[8]徐晓明,黄克和,徐国忠,等.不同含水率FTMR营养成分在奶牛瘤胃内降解率[J].上海交通大学学报农业科学版,2011,29(5):37-43.
[9]张俊瑜,王加启,王晶,等.裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(3):136-143.
[10]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis[M].13th ed.Washington,D C:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1980.
[11]McDonald I.A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen[J].J Agri Sci,1981,96(1):251-252.
[12]Chumpawadee S.Degradation characteristic of tomato pomace,soybean hull and peanut pod in the rumen using nylon bag technique[J].Pak J Nutr,2009,8(11):1717-1721.
[13]Calsamiglia S,Stern M D.A three-step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants[J].JAnim Sci,1995,73(5):1459-1465.
[14]Calsamiglia S,Stern M D.A three-step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants[J].JAnim Sci,1995,73(5):1459-1465.
[15]Owens V N,Albrecht K A,Muck R E.Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of unwilted red clover and alfalfa silage harvested at various times during the day[J].Grass Forage Sci,2003,57(4):329-341.
[16]王晶,王加启,国卫杰,等.全混合日粮裹包贮存效果及对奶牛生产和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(3):69-74.
[17]杨文艳,于锦皓,高阳,等.益生菌对秸秆型全混合日粮发酵效果的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(5):623-628.
[18]张佩华,王加启,贺建华,等.青贮对饲料稻秸秆DM和NDF瘤胃降解特性的影响[J].草业科学,2008,25(6):80-84.
[19]张俊瑜,王加启,王晶,等.裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究[J].草业科学,2010,27(3):136-143.
[20]Miyaji M,Matsuyama H,Nonaka K.Effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile,nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet[J].Anim Sci J,2017,88(1):134-139.
[21]张力莉,徐晓锋,金曙光.豆粕蛋白质和玉米蛋白粉蛋白质在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(7):97-98.
[22]Yang C,Toshiyoshi T,Kenich H,et al.Methane emissions from sheep fed fermented or non-fermented total mixed ration containing whole-crop rice and rice bran[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2010,157(1):72-78.
[23]李玲,赵秀芬,赵钢.青贮处理对饲料蛋白质组分的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(6):110-112.
[24]King K J,Bergen W G,Sniffen C J,et al.An assessment of absorbable lysine requirements in lactating cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1991,74(8):2530-2539.
[25]李飞,李胜利.微贮对秸秆的瘤胃DM和NDF降解率的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2000(5):19-21.
[26]张文举,晏向华,龚月生,等.青贮对玉米秸营养价值及其瘤胃ED的影响[J].中国草食动物,2003,23(1):8-10.
[27]孟庆翔译.奶牛营养需要[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社2001:55.
[28]Hvelplund T,Weisbjerg M R.Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition[M].UK:CABI Publishing,2000.
[29]Hristov A N,Ahvenjarvi S,Mcallister T A,et al.Composition and digestive tract retention time of ruminal particles with functional specific gravity greater or less than 1.02[J].J Anim Sci,2003,81(10):2639-2648.
[30]National Research Council(U.S.).Subcommittee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition[M].Washington,D C:Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle,2001:59-61.
[31]李洋,王明君,李仲玉,等.不同比例的湿玉米纤维饲料对奶牛瘤胃降解规律与表观消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,201551(7):54-59.