有机无机复混肥对水稻土烤烟养分积累、分配与利用的影响
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摘要
为了实现烤烟施肥的轻简化,采用框栽试验,测定和分析了不同施肥处理(空白,不施肥;CK,烟草专用复合肥;H1,有机无机肥料配比1:1;H2,有机无机肥料配比2:1)对烤烟干物质及养分积累,养分分配率和表观及经济利用率的影响。结果表明,与空白相比,施肥处理极显著提高了烤烟干物质及养分积累量。与CK相比,H1处理烟株钾的积累量和表观及经济利用率极显著提高,其表观和经济利用率分别增加了24.85和19.16个百分点;H2处理烟株根、茎、叶的干物质及氮、磷、钾积累量显著或极显著增加,其氮、磷、钾的表观利用率极显著提高,分别提高了21.15、6.10和24.59个百分点,经济利用率显著或极显著增加,分别增加了10.97、3.79和18.44个百分点;H1和H2处理均降低了烟叶氮分配率,提高了钾的分配率。综合来看,以H2处理的表现较好。
In order to simplify the fertilization of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous regions, a pot experiment was carried out to determine and analyze the effects of different fertilization treatments(blank, no fertilization; CK, fusible tobacco special compound fertilizer; H1 treatment, organic fertilizer: inorganic fertilizer=1∶1, H2 treatment, organic fertilizer∶inorganic fertilizer=2∶1) on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, nutrient distribution ratio, and nutrient utilization ratio of flue-cured tobacco root, stem and leaf. The results showed that compared with the blank, accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K of root, stem, leaf and whole plant was significantly(p≤0.01) increased in the other treatments. Compared with the CK, the K accumulation amount, apparent utilization ratio and economic utilization ratio of H1 treatment were increased significantly(p≤0.01), and that the apparent utilization ratio and economic utilization ratio of H1 treatment were increased 24.85 and 19.16 percentage points, respectively. The accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K of root, stem and leaf of H2 treatment were significantly(p≤0.05 or p≤0.01) increased and the apparent utilization ratios of N, P, K were significantly(p≤0.01) increased, which was 21.15, 6.10 and 24.59 percent higher than the CK, respectively. Simultaneously, the economic utilization ratios of N, P, K of H2 treatment were significantly(p≤0.05 or p≤0.01) increased by 10.97, 3.79 and 18.44 percentage points compared to the CK, respectively. Compared with the CK, the N distribution ratio of leaves was reduced while that of K was increased in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(H1 and H2). In summary, H2 treatment showed the best performance.
In order to simplify the fertilization of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous regions, a pot experiment was carried out to determine and analyze the effects of different fertilization treatments(blank, no fertilization; CK, fusible tobacco special compound fertilizer; H1 treatment, organic fertilizer: inorganic fertilizer=1∶1, H2 treatment, organic fertilizer∶inorganic fertilizer=2∶1) on dry matter and nutrient accumulation, nutrient distribution ratio, and nutrient utilization ratio of flue-cured tobacco root, stem and leaf. The results showed that compared with the blank, accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K of root, stem, leaf and whole plant was significantly(p≤0.01) increased in the other treatments. Compared with the CK, the K accumulation amount, apparent utilization ratio and economic utilization ratio of H1 treatment were increased significantly(p≤0.01), and that the apparent utilization ratio and economic utilization ratio of H1 treatment were increased 24.85 and 19.16 percentage points, respectively. The accumulation of dry matter and N, P, K of root, stem and leaf of H2 treatment were significantly(p≤0.05 or p≤0.01) increased and the apparent utilization ratios of N, P, K were significantly(p≤0.01) increased, which was 21.15, 6.10 and 24.59 percent higher than the CK, respectively. Simultaneously, the economic utilization ratios of N, P, K of H2 treatment were significantly(p≤0.05 or p≤0.01) increased by 10.97, 3.79 and 18.44 percentage points compared to the CK, respectively. Compared with the CK, the N distribution ratio of leaves was reduced while that of K was increased in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(H1 and H2). In summary, H2 treatment showed the best performance.
引文
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[4]FANDICA I R,KADYAMPAKENI D,BOTTOMANI C,et al.Comparative response of varied irrigated maize to organic and inorganic fertilize application[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2007(32):1107-1116.
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[6]杜伟.有机无机复混肥优化肥料养分利用的效应与机理[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.DU W.The optimizing effects and mechanisms of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on inorganic fertilizer utilization[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,2010.
[7]韩晓玲,张乃文,贾敬芬.生物有机无机复混肥对番茄产量、品质及土壤的影响[J].土壤肥料,2005(3):51-53.HAN X L,ZHANG N W,JIA J F.Effects of biological organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on yield,quality of tomato and soil[J].Soil and Fertilizers Sciences,2005(3):51-53.
[8]翟廷广,周权锁,葛滢,等.蚕沙有机无机复混肥对叶菜类蔬菜产量和品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):80-84.ZHAI T G,ZHOU Q S,GE Y,et al.Effects of organic-inorganic complex fertilizers from silk worm excrement on the yield and quality of leaf vegetable[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2010,26(1):80-84.
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[18]唐莉娜,张秋芳,陈顺辉.不同有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物群落PLFAs和烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(1):36-40.TANG L N,ZHANG Q F,CHEN S H.Effects of applying organic manures combined with chemical fertilizers on diversity of PLFAs biomarkers of microbial community in tobacco-growing soil and its consequences on flue-cured tobacco leaf quality[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2010,16(1):36-40.
[19]杨云高,王树林,刘国,等.生物有机肥对烤烟产质量及土壤改良的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(4):70-74.YANG Y G,WANG S L,LIU G,et al.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil improvement[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(4):70-74.
[20]施河丽,谭军,王兴斌,等.烟草秸秆生物有机肥对植烟土壤交换性盐基的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(4):80-84.SHI H L,TAN J,WANG X B,et al.Effects of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer on exchangeable base of tobacco soil[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2015,36(4):80-84.
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