山区流域强降雨情况产流模式研究——以涪江平通河流域为例
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摘要
山区流域极端强降雨导致的山洪灾害频发,造成生命损失和经济活动的巨大破坏。科学的认识这类极端天气下灾害的发生、发展过程,对实现灾害监测和风险管理十分重要。山洪过程的模拟是认识这一灾害的重要科学手段,而模型计算精度是山洪模拟的关键。将超渗、蓄满产流模型与运动波地貌瞬时单位线水文模型(简称KW–GIUH模型)进行融合,优选出适合山区流域强降雨情况下的产流模式,从而提高山洪过程的模拟精度。以典型山区流域涪江一级支流平通河为研究对象,选取了两场次历史强降雨过程进行模拟。研究结果表明:无论超渗或蓄满产流模型与KW–GIUH模型进行融合后,其模拟精度比KW–GIUH模型所模拟的径流过程更接近实际情况;而先超渗后蓄满的混合产流模式较单一的超渗或蓄满产流模式模拟效果更优。适合山区流域强降雨情况下的产流模式为先超渗后蓄满的混合产流模式,其中产流模式的转变出现在第一次连续降雨基本结束之时,即在第一次洪峰之前基本以超渗产流为主,随后的产流方式以蓄满产流为主。
Mountain torrents caused by extremely strong rainfall in mountain basins are frequently occurred, resulting in loss of life and great destruction of economic activities. It is very important to realize the goal of disaster monitoring and risk management to understand scientifically the occurrence and development process of disasters in such extreme weather. The simulation of mountain torrent process is an important scientific means to recognize the disaster, and the accuracy of model calculation is the key to the simulation of mountain torrents. In this paper, the model of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess were combined with the instantaneous unit line hydrological model of motion wave geomorphology(KW–GIUH model), the runoff model which was suitable for heavy rainfall in mountain basin was selected, and the simulation accuracy of mountain flood process was improved. Based on the study of the Pingtong River, the first tributary of Fujiang River in a typical mountain basin, two historical heavy rainfall processes were simulated. The results showed that the simulation accuracy of KW–GIUH model was more accurate than that of kw-giuh model. The mixed runoff production model with first infiltration-excess and then saturation-excess was more effective than the single one, and the model suitable for heavy rainfall in mountainous area was the mixed runoff production model which was first infiltration-excess and then saturation-excess.
Mountain torrents caused by extremely strong rainfall in mountain basins are frequently occurred, resulting in loss of life and great destruction of economic activities. It is very important to realize the goal of disaster monitoring and risk management to understand scientifically the occurrence and development process of disasters in such extreme weather. The simulation of mountain torrent process is an important scientific means to recognize the disaster, and the accuracy of model calculation is the key to the simulation of mountain torrents. In this paper, the model of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess were combined with the instantaneous unit line hydrological model of motion wave geomorphology(KW–GIUH model), the runoff model which was suitable for heavy rainfall in mountain basin was selected, and the simulation accuracy of mountain flood process was improved. Based on the study of the Pingtong River, the first tributary of Fujiang River in a typical mountain basin, two historical heavy rainfall processes were simulated. The results showed that the simulation accuracy of KW–GIUH model was more accurate than that of kw-giuh model. The mixed runoff production model with first infiltration-excess and then saturation-excess was more effective than the single one, and the model suitable for heavy rainfall in mountainous area was the mixed runoff production model which was first infiltration-excess and then saturation-excess.
引文
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[26]Zhu Zhifang,Gong Gutang,Xu Xihui,et al.Land use pattern changes and fractal analysis in Pingtong river basin based on RS/GIS[J].Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2009,30(1):24-28.[朱志芳,龚固堂,许熙辉,等.基于RS/GIS的平通河流域土地利用格局变化及其分形分析[J].四川林业科技,2009,30(1):24-28.]
[2]Ding Xiaohong,Lu Jianlin,Cheng Jianlin,et al.The improvement and application of the reservoir-filled flow model-Acase study in Yancheng district[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2007(5):35-37.[丁晓红,陆建林,程吉林,等.蓄满产流模型的改进及应用-以盐城地区为例[J].节水灌溉,2007(5):35-37.]
[3]Lee K T,Chen N C,Chung Y R.Derivation of variable IUHcorresponding to time-varying rainfall intensity during storms[J].Hydrological Sciences,2008,53(2):323-337.
[4]赵人俊.流域水文模型[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
[5]包为民.水文预报[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[6]Rui Xiaofang,Huang Guoru.The status and future of distributed hydrological models[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2004,24(2):55-58.[芮孝芳,黄国如.分布式水文模型的现状与未来[J].水利水电科技进展,2004,24(2):55-58.]
[7]Rui Xiaofang.Discussion of some problems on mechanism of runoff yield[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1996(9):22-26.[芮孝芳.关于降雨产流机制的几个问题的讨论[J].水利学报,1996(9):22-26.]
[8]Rui Xiaofang.The discovery and development of runoff formation models[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2013,33(1):1-6.[芮孝芳.产流模式的发现与发展[J].水利水电科技进展,2013,33(1):1-6.]
[9]Li Zhijia,Huang Pengnian,Zhang Yongping,et al.Study on spatial combination model of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess runoff in semi-humid watersheds[J].Yellow River,2015,37(10):1-6.[李致家,黄鹏年,张永平,等.半湿润流域蓄满超渗空间组合模型研究[J].人民黄河,2015,37(10):1-6.]
[10]Qu Simin,Bao Weimin,Zhang Mingxin,et al.Comparision of Xin’anjiang model with vertically-mixed runoff model[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2003,3 (4):374-377.[瞿思敏,包为民,张明新,等.新安江模型与垂向混合产流模型的比较[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,3(4):374-377.]
[11]Wang Guizuo,Ren Liliang.Distributed hydrological model based on grid vertically-mixed runoff generation[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2009,37(4):386-390.[王贵作,任立良.基于栅格垂向混合产流机制的分布式水文模型[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(4):386-390.]
[12]Bao Hongjun,Wang Lili,Li Zhijia.A distributed hydrological model based on Holtan runoff generation theory[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2016,44(4):340-346.[包红军,王莉莉,李致家.基于Holtan产流的分布式水文模型[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(4):340-346.]
[13]Cheng Yincai,Wang Jun,Li Minghua.Some problems in runoff yield excess calculation based on Horton infiltration formula[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2016,36(5):14-16.[程银才,王军,李明华.基于霍顿下渗公式超渗产流计算几个问题的探讨[J].水文,2016,36(5):14-16.]
[14]Huang Yinghan,Zhou Qing.Calculation of basin runoff yield based on Horton infiltration capacity curve[J].Yangtze River,2014,45(5):16-18.[黄膺翰,周青.基于霍顿下渗能力曲线的流域产流计算研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(5):16-18.]
[15]Zhou Lingwei,Lei Tingwu,Wu Yang,et al.Event-based dimensionless models for runoff of Chabagou watersheds[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(11):54-60.[周玲微,雷廷武,武阳,等.岔巴沟流域次暴雨产流无量纲模型[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):54-60.]
[16]Jiao Pingjin,Xu Di,Yu Yingduo,et al.Conceptualizing antecedent runoff condition using recurrence relation to modify SCS model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):132-137.[焦平金,许迪,于颖多,等.递推关系概化前期产流条件改进SCS模型[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):132-137.]
[17]Zhang Jun’e,Lu Chuiyu,Qin Dayong.Regional runoff study based on MODCYCLE distributed hydrology model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(4):65-71.[张俊娥,陆垂裕,秦大庸.基于MODCYCLE分布式水文模型的区域产流规律[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):65-71.]
[18]Wu Zhiyi,Yu Zhiqiang,Zhu Xuejian,et al.Application of SCS model on computing the surface runoff of different land use types[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition),2016,42(2):226-230.[吴志宜,俞志强,朱雪坚,等.SCS模型在不同土地类型地表产流计算中的应用-以余姚地区为例[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2016,42(2):226-230.]
[19]Kong Fanzhe,Cheng Shuanghu,Hu Chunqi.A method for modifying infiltration equation used in Hebei model[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2016,36(3):11-16.[孔凡哲,程双虎,胡春歧.河北雨洪模型中下渗公式的一种改进方法[J].水文,2016,36(3):11-16.]
[20]叶守泽,詹道江.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[21]Li Li,Hao Zhenchun.The automated extraction of catchment properties from digital elevation models[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2003,18(2):251-255.[李丽,郝振纯.基于DEM的流域特征提取综述[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(2):251-255.]
[22]郝振纯,李丽,王加虎,等.分布式水文模型理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[23]Kong Fanzhe,Li Lili.Determination of river drainage area threshold for extraction of drainage network by DEM[J].Water Resources and Power,2005,23(4):65-67.[孔凡哲,李莉莉.利用DEM提取河网时集水面积阈值的确定[J].水电能源科学,2005,23(4):65-67.]
[24]Yang Bang.Determination of watershed area threshold and its hydrological response[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007.[杨邦.集水面积阈值确定及其水文响应研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.]
[25]GaoXinlei.DEM-based watershed automatic extraction method in GIS environment[J].Water Automation,2009(2):46-48.[高鑫磊.GIS环境下基于DEM的流域自动提取方法[J].水务自动化,2009(2):46-48.]
[26]Zhu Zhifang,Gong Gutang,Xu Xihui,et al.Land use pattern changes and fractal analysis in Pingtong river basin based on RS/GIS[J].Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2009,30(1):24-28.[朱志芳,龚固堂,许熙辉,等.基于RS/GIS的平通河流域土地利用格局变化及其分形分析[J].四川林业科技,2009,30(1):24-28.]