基于LEI和MSPA的南昌市城市扩张类型与生态景观类型变化关联分析
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摘要
中国正处于城市化快速发展阶段,城市扩张导致大量生态景观日益破碎,分析城市扩张类型与生态景观类型的变化及其关联机制能为改善生态环境提供指导。以南昌市为研究区,采用景观扩张指数(LEI)和形态学空间格局分析法(MSPA)识别南昌市的城市扩张类型和生态用地景观类型,并通过建立缓冲区带分析城市扩张类型与生态景观类型变化的关联特征。结果表明:(1)南昌市城市扩张主要以边缘型扩张为主,生态用地以"核心"形态为主;(2)不同圈层的城市扩张类型和生态景观类型的关系在不同发展阶段差异显著;(3)在城市扩张过程中,总体上生态景观越加破碎,边缘型扩张会加速大型绿色斑块的减小,飞地型扩张促进绿色景观单元的破碎化,填充型扩张则有弱化这一过程的作用。研究结果可为控制城市无序扩张提供可靠的理论参考,并为研究区的城市有序扩张和生态环境保护提供决策依据。
The economic growth and urbanization development of Nanchang have been accelerated significantly and considerably by China's rapid urbanization and industrialization since the reform and opening-up in the late 1980 s. However, due to the rapid urban expansion,the ecological and environmental problems caused by the fragmentation of green landscapes have become more serious. Thus, this paper chose Nanchang city as an example to analyze the changes and relationship of urban expansion types and ecological landscape types, which will provide guidance for improving the ecological environments. Firstly, this paper used the Landscape Expansion Index(LEI) to identify the expansion models of the three periods, and analyzed the variations of construction land expansion from both time and space, based on the land use data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Then, the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA) method was used to obtain the ecological landscapes of the four periods, and expressed the ecological landscape fragmentation process from nine representative points.Finally, multiple buffer layers were created to explore the correlation between the variations in different expansion types and landscape types. The results are shown as follows.(1) Edgeexpansion is the main expansion pattern, while ecological landscape is dominated by "core",and the variation of expansion types and landscape types varies with time.(2) The relationship between urban expansion types and ecological landscape types in different circles is significantly different at different development periods.(3) During the urban expansion process, infilling expansion is the main method to improve the compactness at the central urban area. In general, the ecological landscape is more fragmented, the edge-expansion will accelerate the reduction of large green patches, and the outlying expansion promotes the green landscape units more fragmentary, while infilling expansion has the effect of weakening the process. According to the research results, calculating the landscape expansion index of the newly approved construction land and studying the current situation of ecological landscape types will enable decision makers to identify the urban expansion trend and make scientific and developmental predictions for the next stage of development. Then, decision makers can control the disorderly urban sprawl from a macroscopic level.
The economic growth and urbanization development of Nanchang have been accelerated significantly and considerably by China's rapid urbanization and industrialization since the reform and opening-up in the late 1980 s. However, due to the rapid urban expansion,the ecological and environmental problems caused by the fragmentation of green landscapes have become more serious. Thus, this paper chose Nanchang city as an example to analyze the changes and relationship of urban expansion types and ecological landscape types, which will provide guidance for improving the ecological environments. Firstly, this paper used the Landscape Expansion Index(LEI) to identify the expansion models of the three periods, and analyzed the variations of construction land expansion from both time and space, based on the land use data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Then, the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA) method was used to obtain the ecological landscapes of the four periods, and expressed the ecological landscape fragmentation process from nine representative points.Finally, multiple buffer layers were created to explore the correlation between the variations in different expansion types and landscape types. The results are shown as follows.(1) Edgeexpansion is the main expansion pattern, while ecological landscape is dominated by "core",and the variation of expansion types and landscape types varies with time.(2) The relationship between urban expansion types and ecological landscape types in different circles is significantly different at different development periods.(3) During the urban expansion process, infilling expansion is the main method to improve the compactness at the central urban area. In general, the ecological landscape is more fragmented, the edge-expansion will accelerate the reduction of large green patches, and the outlying expansion promotes the green landscape units more fragmentary, while infilling expansion has the effect of weakening the process. According to the research results, calculating the landscape expansion index of the newly approved construction land and studying the current situation of ecological landscape types will enable decision makers to identify the urban expansion trend and make scientific and developmental predictions for the next stage of development. Then, decision makers can control the disorderly urban sprawl from a macroscopic level.
引文
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[2]赵国梁,郑新奇,刘东亚,等.基于遥感和GIS的城市扩张稳态指数及其应用.农业工程学报,2017,33(11):272-281.[ZHAO G L,ZHENG X Q,LIU D Y,et al.Urban expansion steady-state index of urban expansion based on remote sensing and GIS and its applications.Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(11):272-281.]
[3]安乾,李小建,吕可文.中国城市建成区扩张的空间格局及效率分析(1990-2009).经济地理,2012,32(6):37-45.[ANQ,LI X J,LYU K W.A research on the spatial structure and efficiency of China's expansion of urban built-up area(1990-2009).Economic Geography,2012,32(6):37-45.]
[4]童陆亿,胡守庚.中国主要城市建设用地扩张特征.资源科学,2016,38(1):50-61.[TONG L Y,HU S G.Characterizations of urban sprawl in major Chinese cities.Resources Science,2016,38(1):50-61.]
[5]岳文泽,汪锐良,范蓓蕾.城市扩张的空间模式研究:以杭州市为例.浙江大学学报:理学版,2013,40(5):596-605.[YUE W Z,WANG R L,FAN B L.Spatial patterns analysis of urban expansion in Hangzhou city.Journal of Zhejiang University:Science Edition,2013,40(5):596-605.]
[6]俞艳,胡珊珊,童艳,等.基于公共边测度的城市扩张模式建模研究.地理与地理信息科学,2017,33(1):78-81.[YUY,HU S S,TONG Y,et al.Research on modeling for urban expansion pattern recognition based on shared boundary analysis.Geography and Geo-Information Science,2017,33(1):78-81.]
[7]刘小平,黎夏,陈逸敏,等.景观扩张指数及其在城市扩展分析中的应用.地理学报,2009,64(12):1430-1438.[LIU XP,LI X,CHEN Y M,et al.Landscape expansion index and its applications to quantitative analysis of urban expansion.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(12):1430-1438.]
[8]刘纪远,王新生,庄大方,等.凸壳原理用于城市用地空间扩展类型识别.地理学报,2003,58(6):885-892.[LIU J Y,WANG X S,ZHUANG D F,et al.Application of convex hull in identifying the types of urban land expansion.Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(6):885-892.]
[9]武鹏飞,周德民,宫辉力.一种新的景观扩张指数的定义与实现.生态学报,2012,32(13):4270-4277.[WU P F,ZHOU D M,GONG H L.A new landscape expansion index:Definition and quantification.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(13):4270-4277.]
[10]LIU X P,LI X,CHEN Y M,et al.A new landscape index for quantifying urban expansion using multi-temporal remotely sensed data.Landscape Ecology,2010,25(5):671-682.
[11]CAMAGNIA R,GIBELLI M C,RIGAMONTI P.Urban mobility and urban form:The social and environmental costs of different patterns of urban expansion.Ecological Economics,2002,40(2):199-216.
[12]潘竟虎,韩文超.近20 a中国省会及以上城市空间形态演变.自然资源学报,2013,28(3):470-480.[PAN J H,HANW C.Spatial temporal changes of urban morphology of provincial capital cities or above in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(3):470-480.]
[13]舒帮荣,李永乐,曲艺,等.不同职能城市建设用地扩张及其驱动力研究:基于中国137个地级以上城市的考察.南京农业大学学报:社会科学版,2014,14(2):86-92.[SHU B R,LI Y L,QU Y,et al.Urban land expansion and its driving forces in different functional cities:An empirical analysis based on 137 cities in China.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University:Social Sciences Edition,2014,14(2):86-92.]
[14]赵可,张安录.城市建设用地扩张驱动力实证研究:基于辽宁省14市市辖区数据.资源科学,2013,35(5):928-934.[ZHAO K,ZHANG A L.Driving forces behind urban land expansion based on panel data for 14 cities in Liaoning.Resources Science,2013,35(5):928-934.]
[15]车前进,段学军,郭垚,等.长江三角洲地区城镇空间扩展特征及机制.地理学报,2011,66(4):446-456.[CHE Q J,DUAN X J,GUO Y,et al.Urban spatial expansion process,pattern and mechanism in Yangtze River Delta.Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(4):446-456.]
[16]贺振,赵文亮,贺俊平.郑州市城市扩张遥感动态监测及驱动力分析.地理研究,2011,30(12):2272-2280.[HE Z,ZHAO W L,HE J P.Remote sensing monitoring of urban sprawl based on object-oriented and driving forces analysis:A case study of Zhengzhou city.Geographical Research,2011,30(12):2272-2280.]
[17]高金龙,陈江龙,苏曦.中国城市扩张态势与驱动机理研究学派综述.地理科学进展,2013,32(5):743-754.[GAO JL,CHEN J L,SU X.Urban expansion and its driving mechanism in China:From three main shools'perspectives.Progress in Geography,2013,32(5):743-754.]
[18]谢高地,张彪,鲁春霞,等.北京城市扩张的资源环境效应.资源科学,2015,37(6):1108-1114.[XIE G D,ZHANG B,LU C X,et al.Rapid expansion of the metropolitan areas and impacts of resources and the environment.Resources Science,2015,37(6):1108-1114.]
[19]韩瑞丹,张丽,郑艺,等.曼谷城市扩张生态环境效应.生态学报,2017,37(19):6322-6334.[HAN R D,ZHANG L,ZHENG Y,et al.Urban expansion and its ecological environmental effects in Bangkok,Thailand.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(19):6322-6334.]
[20]SETO K C,GüNERALP B,HUTYRA L R.Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109:16083-16088.
[21]BOUNOUA1 L,ZHANG P,MOSTOVOY G,et al.Impact of urbanization on US surface climate.Environmental Research Letters,2015,10(8),doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084010.
[22]FAN P L,CHEN J Q,JOHNC R.Urbanization and environmental change during the economic transition on the Mongolian Plateau:Hohhot and Ulaanbaatar.Environmental Research,2016,144:96-112.
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