汶川极震区锄头沟泥石流发育特征及启动机理
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摘要
汶川地震过后大量的老泥石流被激活,随着潜伏期的过去,雨季来临,松散物源开始重新活跃。通过对锄头沟泥石流的实地调查及现场测量发现,该沟流域面积较大,支沟发育,支沟及主沟后缘比降大,主沟中下段宽缓,泥石流物源主要为崩塌物源,分布于流域中上部和支沟内,泥石流由中上部和支沟启动,汇聚于主沟内,并沿沟道下段堆积,并通过室内试验等手段,还原了泥石流发生时的激发雨量及物源分布特征。震后极震区泥石流的具有物源类型丰富、易发程度高、激发雨量偏小和支沟群发等特点,该沟泥石流还出现了堵溃型泥石流现象。
A large number of old debris flows such as the Chutougou debris flow were activated due to the Wenchuan earthquake. The Chutougou debris flow in the Wenchuan meizoseismal area is characterized by large drainage area, many developmental branches, large slope of posterior edge of the main ditch and branches and rich source of mudstone as well as blocking debris flow. The provenance is rich in collapse source which is in the upper of the drainage area and in the branches.
A large number of old debris flows such as the Chutougou debris flow were activated due to the Wenchuan earthquake. The Chutougou debris flow in the Wenchuan meizoseismal area is characterized by large drainage area, many developmental branches, large slope of posterior edge of the main ditch and branches and rich source of mudstone as well as blocking debris flow. The provenance is rich in collapse source which is in the upper of the drainage area and in the branches.
引文
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[3]游勇,柳金峰,陈兴长.“5·12”汶川地震后北川苏保河流域泥石流危害及特征[J].山地学报, 2010, 28(3):358-366
[4]许强.四川省8·13特大泥石流灾害特点、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报, 2010, 18(5):596-608
[5]邓辉,巨能攀,向喜琼.高分辨率卫星遥感数据在白衣庵滑坡调查研究中的应用[J].地球与环境, 2005, 33(4):92—96
[6]马煜,余斌.泥石流体屈服应力与黏土矿物关系的试验研究[J].科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(21):202-207
[7]张志军,庄永成.基于GF-1数据的地质灾害遥感调查—以青海省大通县为例[J].科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(18):9-17
[8]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理. 4版[M].北京:地质出版社, 1994
[9]余天彬,任光明,王猛,等.汶川震区龙门山镇高架子沟“8·18”泥石流灾害机理与特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2014, 25(3)
[10]高波,任光明,王军,等.四川汶川高家沟泥石流形成条件与启动机理研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2014, 25(4)