基于多面函数法的渭河盆地现今地壳构造形变特征分析
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摘要
渭河盆地频发的地质灾害与其活跃的现今地壳构造活动密切相关.本文利用渭河盆地2001—2010年高精度GPS监测资料,采用多面函数法在球坐标系下建立了区域地壳速度与应变场模型,并探讨了平面与球面距离在多面函数模型构建中的最优化问题.结果表明:(1)利用多面函数法建立渭河盆地速度场时,随着区域结点数的增大,球面距离拟合精度较平面距离提升更大;(2)盆地内剪应变高梯度带主要位于三原—泾阳—咸阳、宝鸡—岐山一带,同时上述区域也是面膨胀与面压缩的显著过渡带,且为地震活动的多发区域;(3)盆地内最大、最小主应变轴优势方向与中强震震源机制解获得的P、T轴分布方位具有较好的一致性.研究结果进一步在大范围尺度内获得了渭河盆地现今地壳形变趋势性变化特征,为掌握该区域地壳运动及地质灾害深部驱动机制提供了一定的参考.
The frequent occurrence of geological disasters within the Weihe basin are closely related to its crustal tectonic activity. In this paper, the regional crustal velocity and strain field models were established by employing the multi-surface function method in the spherical coordinate system based on the high-precision GPS monitoring data from 2001 to 2010 of the Weihe basin. Also the optimization of the plane and spherical distance in the construction of the multi-surface function model was discussed. The results show that:(1)By applying the multi-surface function method to establish the velocity field of the Weihe basin, with the increasing numbers of the nodes the fitting accuracy of the spherical distance was better than that of the plane distance;(2)The high gradient shear strain bands in the basin were mainly located in the Sanyuan-Fuyang-Xianyang, Baoji-Laoshan areas. These areas are also significant overshoots of surface expansion and surface compression, and have frequent occurrences of earthquakes;(3)The P and T axis azimuths obtained from the focal mechanism solutions of the medium and strong earthquakes were in a good agreement with the dominant direction of the principal strain axes in the basin. The overall trend of large scale crustal deformation was further obtained in the paper, which will further providing reference for understanding the regional crust deformation and the deep driving mechanism of geological disasters in the Weihe basin.
The frequent occurrence of geological disasters within the Weihe basin are closely related to its crustal tectonic activity. In this paper, the regional crustal velocity and strain field models were established by employing the multi-surface function method in the spherical coordinate system based on the high-precision GPS monitoring data from 2001 to 2010 of the Weihe basin. Also the optimization of the plane and spherical distance in the construction of the multi-surface function model was discussed. The results show that:(1)By applying the multi-surface function method to establish the velocity field of the Weihe basin, with the increasing numbers of the nodes the fitting accuracy of the spherical distance was better than that of the plane distance;(2)The high gradient shear strain bands in the basin were mainly located in the Sanyuan-Fuyang-Xianyang, Baoji-Laoshan areas. These areas are also significant overshoots of surface expansion and surface compression, and have frequent occurrences of earthquakes;(3)The P and T axis azimuths obtained from the focal mechanism solutions of the medium and strong earthquakes were in a good agreement with the dominant direction of the principal strain axes in the basin. The overall trend of large scale crustal deformation was further obtained in the paper, which will further providing reference for understanding the regional crust deformation and the deep driving mechanism of geological disasters in the Weihe basin.
引文
Dai W Q,Wang Q L,Feng X J,et al.2003.Using GPS data to analyze the crustal movement characteristics of weihe basin and adjacent areas [J].Earthquake (in Chinese),23(4):32-36.
Ding X G,Han X F,Zhang Y Q,et al.2014.The GPS strain background characteristics of weihe basin and the cause of the earthquake in gaoling earthquake [J].Earthquake prevention technology (in Chinese),9(z1):665- 671.
Duan H R,li L G,Xu H J.2014.Based on the least-square estimation method,the crust horizontal strain of weihe basin was calculated [J].Geophysical progress (in Chinese),29(1):172-176,doi:10.6038/pg20140123.
Li W Q,Wang W,Zhang C Y,et al.2018.Monitoring of changes in groundwater reserves in guanzhong area with grace satellite gravity data [J].Chinese Journal of geophysics (in Chinese),61(6):2237-2245,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0445.
Liu J N,Shi C,Yao Y B,et al.2001.The polyhedral function fitting method and its application in China for the application of the earth’s crust velocity model of planar movement [J].Journal of wuhan university (information science edition) (in Chinese),26 (6):500-503.
Liu X Y,Huang S M,Lin Y Z.2010.Research on rotation tensor of crustal deformation [J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese),30(5):57- 63.
Ma N.2012.Study on the regional crustal deformation-strain characteristics based on GPS observation data [Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Chang ’an university.
Peng J B,Zhang J,Su S R,et al.1992.The Activity Faults and Ground Fissures Disaster of Weihe Basin [M].Xi’an:Northwestern University Press.
Qu W,Lu Z,Zhang M,et al.2017.Crustal strain fields in the surrounding areas of the Ordos Block,central China,estimated by the least-squares collocation technique [J].Journal of Geodynamics (in Chinese),106:1-11.
Qu W,Lu Z,Zhang Q,et al.2018.Crustal deformation and strain fields of the Weihe Basin and surrounding area of central China based on GPS observations and kinematic models [J].Journal of Geodynamics (in Chinese),120:1-10.
Qu W,Wang Y S,Zhang Q,et al.2016.Current crustal strain characteristics of fen-wei basin and surrounding blocks revealed by GPS space geodesy survey [J].Chinese Journal of geophysics (in Chinese),59(3):828-839,doi:10.6038/cjg20160306.
Qu W,Zhang Q,Wang Q L,et al.2009.Current crustal level movement and strain characteristics of weihe basin [J].Geodetic and geodynamics (in Chinese),29(4):34-37.
Qu W,Zhang Q,Wang Q L,et al.2011.Research on Present Crustal Horizontal Deformation Feature of Weihe Basin and its Tectonic Activity [J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University (in Chinese),36(7):830-834.
Sheng S Z,Wan Y G,Huang J C,et al.2015.The preliminary results of the current crustal stress field of the ordos block of the block of ordos were deduced by the method of combined seismic source mechanism [J].Chinese Journal of geophysics (in Chinese),58(2):436- 452,doi:10.6038/cjg20150208.
Shi Y L,Zhu S B.2006.Discussion on method of calculating strain with GPS displacement data [J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese),26(1):1-8.
Wu X L,Yang Z Q,Wu J F,et al.2013.Analysis of the strain characteristics of the qinghai-tibet plateau based on the multifaceted function method [J].Journal of Geodesic and geodynamics (in Chinese),33(4):17-21.
ZHANG Qin,QU Wei,PENG Jian-Bing,et al.2012.Research on tectonic causes of numerous ground fissures development mechanism and its unbalance distribution between eastern and western of Weihe basin[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics,55(08):2589-2597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.08.010.
Zhang Y Z,Duan H R,Wang W D,et al.2011.Tectonic stress variation of fenwei basin derived from GPS data [J].Journal of Geodesic and geodynamics (in Chinese),31(2):44- 47.
Zhao L H.2011.Theory and method of regional crustal movement model implementation [Ph.D.thesis].Xi’an:Chang ’an university.
Zhao X M,Li Y H,Dai W Q.2005.The analysis on crustal movement and strain characteristics in Guanzhong region of Shanxi province between 2001 and 2004 year [J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,26(3):41- 45.
戴王强,王庆良,冯希杰,等.2003.用GPS资料分析渭河盆地及邻近地区地壳运动特征[J].地震,23(4):32-36.
丁晓光,韩晓飞,张永奇,等.2014.渭河盆地GPS应变背景特征及高陵地震发震原因探讨[J].震灾防御技术,9(z1):665- 671.
段虎荣,李立功,徐海军.2014.基于最小二乘预估法计算渭河盆地地壳水平应变[J].地球物理学进展,29(1):172-176,doi:10.6038/pg20140123.
李婉秋,王伟,章传银,等.2018.利用grace卫星重力数据监测关中地区地下水储量变化[J].地球物理学报,61(6):2237-2245,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0445.
刘经南,施闯,姚宜斌,等.2001.多面函数拟合法及其在建立中国地壳平面运动速度场模型中的应用研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),26(6):500-503.
刘序俨,黄声明,林岩钊.2010.地形变旋转张量探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(5):57- 63.
马娜.2012.基于GPS观测资料的区域地壳形变—应变特征研究[硕士论文].西安:长安大学.
彭建兵,张俊,苏生瑞,等.1992.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安:西北大学出版社.
瞿伟,路中,张明,等.2017.用最小二乘配置技术估算2017中国中部鄂尔多斯地块周边的地壳应变场[J].地球动力学杂志,106:1-11.
瞿伟,路中,张勤,等.2018.基于GPS观测和运动学模型的渭河盆地及其周边地区地壳形变和应变场研究[J].地球动力学杂志,118:1-10.
瞿伟,王运生,张勤,等.2016.空间大地测量GPS揭示的汾渭盆地及其邻域现今地壳应变场变化特征[J].地球物理学报,59(3):828-839,doi:10.6038/cjg20160306.
瞿伟,张勤,王庆良,等.2009.渭河盆地现今地壳水平运动及应变特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,29(4):34-37.
瞿伟,张勤,王庆良,等.2011.渭河盆地现今地壳水平形变特征及区域构造活动性[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),36(7):830-834.
盛书中,万永革,黄骥超,等.2015.应用综合震源机制解法推断鄂尔多斯块体周缘现今地壳应力场的初步结果[J].地球物理学报,58(2):436- 452,doi:10.6038/cjg20150208.
石耀林,朱守彪.2006.用GPS位移资料计算应变方法的讨论[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(1):1-8.
吴啸龙,杨志强,武继峰,等.2013.基于多面函数法的青藏高原应变特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,33(4):17-21.
张勤,瞿伟,彭建兵,等.2012.渭河盆地地裂缝群发机理及东、西部地裂缝分布不均衡构造成因研究[J].地球物理学报,55(08):2589-2597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.08.010.
张永志,段虎荣,王卫东,等.2011.用GPS数据研究汾渭盆地构造应力场变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,31(2):44- 47.
赵丽华.2011.区域地壳运动模型实现的理论与方法研究[博士论文].西安:长安大学.
赵小茂,李永辉,戴王强.2005.2001～2004年陕西关中地区地壳运动及应变分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):41- 45.
Ding X G,Han X F,Zhang Y Q,et al.2014.The GPS strain background characteristics of weihe basin and the cause of the earthquake in gaoling earthquake [J].Earthquake prevention technology (in Chinese),9(z1):665- 671.
Duan H R,li L G,Xu H J.2014.Based on the least-square estimation method,the crust horizontal strain of weihe basin was calculated [J].Geophysical progress (in Chinese),29(1):172-176,doi:10.6038/pg20140123.
Li W Q,Wang W,Zhang C Y,et al.2018.Monitoring of changes in groundwater reserves in guanzhong area with grace satellite gravity data [J].Chinese Journal of geophysics (in Chinese),61(6):2237-2245,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0445.
Liu J N,Shi C,Yao Y B,et al.2001.The polyhedral function fitting method and its application in China for the application of the earth’s crust velocity model of planar movement [J].Journal of wuhan university (information science edition) (in Chinese),26 (6):500-503.
Liu X Y,Huang S M,Lin Y Z.2010.Research on rotation tensor of crustal deformation [J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese),30(5):57- 63.
Ma N.2012.Study on the regional crustal deformation-strain characteristics based on GPS observation data [Master’s thesis].Xi’an:Chang ’an university.
Peng J B,Zhang J,Su S R,et al.1992.The Activity Faults and Ground Fissures Disaster of Weihe Basin [M].Xi’an:Northwestern University Press.
Qu W,Lu Z,Zhang M,et al.2017.Crustal strain fields in the surrounding areas of the Ordos Block,central China,estimated by the least-squares collocation technique [J].Journal of Geodynamics (in Chinese),106:1-11.
Qu W,Lu Z,Zhang Q,et al.2018.Crustal deformation and strain fields of the Weihe Basin and surrounding area of central China based on GPS observations and kinematic models [J].Journal of Geodynamics (in Chinese),120:1-10.
Qu W,Wang Y S,Zhang Q,et al.2016.Current crustal strain characteristics of fen-wei basin and surrounding blocks revealed by GPS space geodesy survey [J].Chinese Journal of geophysics (in Chinese),59(3):828-839,doi:10.6038/cjg20160306.
Qu W,Zhang Q,Wang Q L,et al.2009.Current crustal level movement and strain characteristics of weihe basin [J].Geodetic and geodynamics (in Chinese),29(4):34-37.
Qu W,Zhang Q,Wang Q L,et al.2011.Research on Present Crustal Horizontal Deformation Feature of Weihe Basin and its Tectonic Activity [J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University (in Chinese),36(7):830-834.
Sheng S Z,Wan Y G,Huang J C,et al.2015.The preliminary results of the current crustal stress field of the ordos block of the block of ordos were deduced by the method of combined seismic source mechanism [J].Chinese Journal of geophysics (in Chinese),58(2):436- 452,doi:10.6038/cjg20150208.
Shi Y L,Zhu S B.2006.Discussion on method of calculating strain with GPS displacement data [J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese),26(1):1-8.
Wu X L,Yang Z Q,Wu J F,et al.2013.Analysis of the strain characteristics of the qinghai-tibet plateau based on the multifaceted function method [J].Journal of Geodesic and geodynamics (in Chinese),33(4):17-21.
ZHANG Qin,QU Wei,PENG Jian-Bing,et al.2012.Research on tectonic causes of numerous ground fissures development mechanism and its unbalance distribution between eastern and western of Weihe basin[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics,55(08):2589-2597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.08.010.
Zhang Y Z,Duan H R,Wang W D,et al.2011.Tectonic stress variation of fenwei basin derived from GPS data [J].Journal of Geodesic and geodynamics (in Chinese),31(2):44- 47.
Zhao L H.2011.Theory and method of regional crustal movement model implementation [Ph.D.thesis].Xi’an:Chang ’an university.
Zhao X M,Li Y H,Dai W Q.2005.The analysis on crustal movement and strain characteristics in Guanzhong region of Shanxi province between 2001 and 2004 year [J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,26(3):41- 45.
戴王强,王庆良,冯希杰,等.2003.用GPS资料分析渭河盆地及邻近地区地壳运动特征[J].地震,23(4):32-36.
丁晓光,韩晓飞,张永奇,等.2014.渭河盆地GPS应变背景特征及高陵地震发震原因探讨[J].震灾防御技术,9(z1):665- 671.
段虎荣,李立功,徐海军.2014.基于最小二乘预估法计算渭河盆地地壳水平应变[J].地球物理学进展,29(1):172-176,doi:10.6038/pg20140123.
李婉秋,王伟,章传银,等.2018.利用grace卫星重力数据监测关中地区地下水储量变化[J].地球物理学报,61(6):2237-2245,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0445.
刘经南,施闯,姚宜斌,等.2001.多面函数拟合法及其在建立中国地壳平面运动速度场模型中的应用研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),26(6):500-503.
刘序俨,黄声明,林岩钊.2010.地形变旋转张量探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(5):57- 63.
马娜.2012.基于GPS观测资料的区域地壳形变—应变特征研究[硕士论文].西安:长安大学.
彭建兵,张俊,苏生瑞,等.1992.渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害[M].西安:西北大学出版社.
瞿伟,路中,张明,等.2017.用最小二乘配置技术估算2017中国中部鄂尔多斯地块周边的地壳应变场[J].地球动力学杂志,106:1-11.
瞿伟,路中,张勤,等.2018.基于GPS观测和运动学模型的渭河盆地及其周边地区地壳形变和应变场研究[J].地球动力学杂志,118:1-10.
瞿伟,王运生,张勤,等.2016.空间大地测量GPS揭示的汾渭盆地及其邻域现今地壳应变场变化特征[J].地球物理学报,59(3):828-839,doi:10.6038/cjg20160306.
瞿伟,张勤,王庆良,等.2009.渭河盆地现今地壳水平运动及应变特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,29(4):34-37.
瞿伟,张勤,王庆良,等.2011.渭河盆地现今地壳水平形变特征及区域构造活动性[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),36(7):830-834.
盛书中,万永革,黄骥超,等.2015.应用综合震源机制解法推断鄂尔多斯块体周缘现今地壳应力场的初步结果[J].地球物理学报,58(2):436- 452,doi:10.6038/cjg20150208.
石耀林,朱守彪.2006.用GPS位移资料计算应变方法的讨论[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(1):1-8.
吴啸龙,杨志强,武继峰,等.2013.基于多面函数法的青藏高原应变特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,33(4):17-21.
张勤,瞿伟,彭建兵,等.2012.渭河盆地地裂缝群发机理及东、西部地裂缝分布不均衡构造成因研究[J].地球物理学报,55(08):2589-2597,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.08.010.
张永志,段虎荣,王卫东,等.2011.用GPS数据研究汾渭盆地构造应力场变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,31(2):44- 47.
赵丽华.2011.区域地壳运动模型实现的理论与方法研究[博士论文].西安:长安大学.
赵小茂,李永辉,戴王强.2005.2001～2004年陕西关中地区地壳运动及应变分析[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):41- 45.
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