滇东南地区垂直负荷形变特征研究
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摘要
针对传统的全球水文同化模型计算陆地垂直负荷形变的不确定度问题,该文采用GPS、GRACE以及GLDAS3种数据对滇东南13个GPS连续站的垂直负荷形变进行了综合的分析。结果表明:GPS垂向形变时间序列中,陆地水负荷形变显著,高值达12 mm,其中GRACE的贡献值为32.1%,GLDAS的贡献值为26.9%;对于初相位而言,GPS、GRACE、GLDAS三者符合得很好;对于振幅而言,GPS与GRACE的振幅较为接近,GLDAS的振幅最小;通过主成分分析方法所获取的GPS共模误差与GRACE的相关性高达0.90。虽然GRACE的空间分辨率较低,但GRACE为连续监测地表垂直负荷形变提供了一种有效和可靠的手段。
Aiming at the uncertainty of calculating the vertical loading deformation for the traditional global hydrological assimilation model,in this paper,vertical loading deformation of 13 GPS continuous stations in the southeast of Yunnan province were analyzed comprehensively based on global positioning system(GPS),Global land data assimilation system(GLDAS)and gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE)data.The results showed that land water loading deformation in the vertical component of GPS time series was significant,with the maximum as large as 12 mm,and 32.1% of vertical deformation came from GRACE,26.9% came from GLDAS;for the initial phase,GPS,GRACE and GLDAS are consistent;for the amplitude,GPS and GRACE were close,and GLDAS was the smallest;the coefficient between GPS common mode error which was obtained by principal component analysis and GRACE was as high as 0.90.Although the spatial resolution of GRACE was low,it provided an effective and reliable means for continuously monitoring the vertical loading deformation of the surface.
Aiming at the uncertainty of calculating the vertical loading deformation for the traditional global hydrological assimilation model,in this paper,vertical loading deformation of 13 GPS continuous stations in the southeast of Yunnan province were analyzed comprehensively based on global positioning system(GPS),Global land data assimilation system(GLDAS)and gravity recovery and climate experiment(GRACE)data.The results showed that land water loading deformation in the vertical component of GPS time series was significant,with the maximum as large as 12 mm,and 32.1% of vertical deformation came from GRACE,26.9% came from GLDAS;for the initial phase,GPS,GRACE and GLDAS are consistent;for the amplitude,GPS and GRACE were close,and GLDAS was the smallest;the coefficient between GPS common mode error which was obtained by principal component analysis and GRACE was as high as 0.90.Although the spatial resolution of GRACE was low,it provided an effective and reliable means for continuously monitoring the vertical loading deformation of the surface.
引文
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[3]王敏,沈正康,董大南.非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1045-1052.(WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,DONG Da’nan.Effects of non-tectonic crustal deformation on continuous GPS position time series and correction to them[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(5):1045-1052.)
[4]周江存,孙和平.高精度GPS观测中的负荷效应[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(10):1036-1040.(ZHOU Jiangcun,SUN Heping.Loading effect on high precision GPS observations[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(10):1036-1040.)
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[7]FU Y,FREYMUELLER J T,JENSEN T.Seasonal hydrological loading in southern Alaska observed by GPS and GRACE[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39:L15310.
[8]TAN W,DONG D,CHEN J,et al.Analysis of systematic differences from GPS-measured and GRACE-modeled deformation in Central Valley,California[J].Advances in Space Research,2016,57(1):19-29.
[9]ZHAO Q,WU W,WU Y.Using combined GRACE and GPS data to investigate the vertical crustal deformation at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,134:122-129.
[10]张良镜,金双根,张腾宇.用GPS和卫星重力观测估计地表形变的季节性变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(2):32-38.(ZHANG,Liangjing,JIN Shuanggen,ZHANG Tengyu.Seasonal variations of earth’s surface deformation estimated from GPS and satellite gravimetry[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(2):32-38.)
[11]盛传贞,甘卫军,梁诗明,等.滇西地区GPS时间序列中陆地水载荷形变干扰的GRACE分辨与剔除[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):42-52.(SHENG Chuanzhen,GAN Weijun,LIANG Shiming,et al.Identification and elimination of non-tectonic crustal deformation caused by land water from GPS time series in the western Yunnan province based on GRACE observations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):42-52.)
[12]中国地震局第一监测中心.GNSS产品解算说明及使用简介[EB/OL].(2015-07-29)[2018-06-15].https:∥wenku.baidu.com/view/e54a8d92a300a6c30c229fb4.html.(The First Monitoring and Application Center,China Earthquake Administration.Introduction and explanation of GNSS product calculation[EB/OL].(2015-07-29)[2018-06-15].https:∥wenku.baidu.com/view/e54a8d92a300-a6c30c229fb4.html.)
[13]CHENG M,TAPLEY B D,RIES J C.Deceleration in the Earth’s oblateness[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2013,118(2):740-747.
[14]SWENSON S,CHAMBERS D,WAHR J.Estimating geocenter variations from a combination of GRACE and ocean model output[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2008,113:B08410.
[15]郑增记,曹建平,庄文泉,等.基于GRACE RL05数据探测苏门答腊MW8.6地震的同震和震后形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36(5):400-403.(ZHENG Zengji,CAO Jianping,ZHUANG Wenquan,et al.Coseismic and post-seismic deformation of the Sumatra Mw8.6earthquake detected by GRACE RL05data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2016,36(5):400-403.)
[16]FARRELL W E.Deformation of the earth by surface loads[J].Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics,1972,10(3):761-797.
[2]DONG D,FANG P,BOCK Y,et al.Anatomy of apparent seasonal variations from GPS derived site position time series[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2002,107(B4):1-16.
[3]王敏,沈正康,董大南.非构造形变对GPS连续站位置时间序列的影响和修正[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1045-1052.(WANG Min,SHEN Zhengkang,DONG Da’nan.Effects of non-tectonic crustal deformation on continuous GPS position time series and correction to them[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(5):1045-1052.)
[4]周江存,孙和平.高精度GPS观测中的负荷效应[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(10):1036-1040.(ZHOU Jiangcun,SUN Heping.Loading effect on high precision GPS observations[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(10):1036-1040.)
[5]DAM T V,WAHR J,LAVALLEE D.A comparison of annual vertical crustal displacements from GPS and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)over Europe[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2007,112:B03404.
[6]FU Y,FREYMUELLER J T.Seasonal and long term vertical deformation in the Nepal Himalaya constrained by GPS and GRACE measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2012,117:B03407.
[7]FU Y,FREYMUELLER J T,JENSEN T.Seasonal hydrological loading in southern Alaska observed by GPS and GRACE[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2012,39:L15310.
[8]TAN W,DONG D,CHEN J,et al.Analysis of systematic differences from GPS-measured and GRACE-modeled deformation in Central Valley,California[J].Advances in Space Research,2016,57(1):19-29.
[9]ZHAO Q,WU W,WU Y.Using combined GRACE and GPS data to investigate the vertical crustal deformation at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,134:122-129.
[10]张良镜,金双根,张腾宇.用GPS和卫星重力观测估计地表形变的季节性变化[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(2):32-38.(ZHANG,Liangjing,JIN Shuanggen,ZHANG Tengyu.Seasonal variations of earth’s surface deformation estimated from GPS and satellite gravimetry[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(2):32-38.)
[11]盛传贞,甘卫军,梁诗明,等.滇西地区GPS时间序列中陆地水载荷形变干扰的GRACE分辨与剔除[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):42-52.(SHENG Chuanzhen,GAN Weijun,LIANG Shiming,et al.Identification and elimination of non-tectonic crustal deformation caused by land water from GPS time series in the western Yunnan province based on GRACE observations[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):42-52.)
[12]中国地震局第一监测中心.GNSS产品解算说明及使用简介[EB/OL].(2015-07-29)[2018-06-15].https:∥wenku.baidu.com/view/e54a8d92a300a6c30c229fb4.html.(The First Monitoring and Application Center,China Earthquake Administration.Introduction and explanation of GNSS product calculation[EB/OL].(2015-07-29)[2018-06-15].https:∥wenku.baidu.com/view/e54a8d92a300-a6c30c229fb4.html.)
[13]CHENG M,TAPLEY B D,RIES J C.Deceleration in the Earth’s oblateness[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,2013,118(2):740-747.
[14]SWENSON S,CHAMBERS D,WAHR J.Estimating geocenter variations from a combination of GRACE and ocean model output[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2008,113:B08410.
[15]郑增记,曹建平,庄文泉,等.基于GRACE RL05数据探测苏门答腊MW8.6地震的同震和震后形变[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2016,36(5):400-403.(ZHENG Zengji,CAO Jianping,ZHUANG Wenquan,et al.Coseismic and post-seismic deformation of the Sumatra Mw8.6earthquake detected by GRACE RL05data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2016,36(5):400-403.)
[16]FARRELL W E.Deformation of the earth by surface loads[J].Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics,1972,10(3):761-797.
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