赣州市某高校管道直饮水系统现状调查
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摘要
目的:了解赣州市某高校管道直饮水系统现状。方法:以校园内的直饮水系统为研究对象,对其水处理工艺和设备、净水机房选址和布局、直饮水终端配置和卫生情况、配水管网、系统维护和管理、水质状况进行调查;利用简单随机抽样采集直饮水和网管水各20份进行水质检测,检测项目有浊度和色度、菌落总数、耐热大肠菌群、耗氧量、总硬度、余氯、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮。实验数据利用Excel进行录入,利用SPSS进行数据分析。结果:学校管道直饮水工程执行国家的专业技术规范和标准,系统为反渗透处理系统,校园内共计2个净水机房,选址和布局符合要求,直饮水终端配置充足,卫生良好,定期更换滤膜、滤芯以及进行管内封闭消毒,不定期进行水质抽检;实验室检测中直饮水合格率为90%,管网水合格率为80%,两组水样中除氨氮有超标外,其余指标均达标,其中耗氧量、细菌总数、总硬度、氨氮四个指标差异均有统计学意义(t=3.291,P<0.05;Z=5.396,P<0.05;Z=6.587,P<0.05;Z=3.589,P<0.05)。结论:校园管道直饮水工程设计布局规范合理,有完善有效的维护和管理制度,管道直饮水水质较好,达到生活净水水质标准,师生可放心饮用。
Objective: To understand the current situation of pipeline direct drinking water system of a college in Ganzhou. Methods: The pipeline direct drinking water system was considered as the research subject with investigation on water treatment process and equipments, water purification rooms sites and layout, direct drinking water terminals distribution and sanitary conditions, water supply pipes, management and maintenance of the system and quality of direct drinking water. Twenty samples of direct drinking water and tap water were collected simultaneously for detection, which were selected randomly in campus. The indexes included turbidity and chromaticity,total count of bacterial, total coliform group and thermotolerant coliform group, oxygen consumption, general hardness, residual chlorine, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen. Excel was used for data entry and SPSS was used for analyzing data. Results: The school pipeline direct drinking water project carried out the professional technical specifications and standards of the country. The core of water treatment is the reverse osmosis treatment system. There were a total of two water purification machines in campus, and the location and layout of the system meet the industrial requirements. The direct drinking water terminals were well configured and kept clean. The filter membrane and filter core were replaced regularly and regular closed disinfection in the tube is conducted, and detection of direct drinking water is random. Laboratory tests showed that the qualified rate of direct drinking water and tap water was 90% and 80% respectively, and the unqualified item of both direct drinking water and tap water was ammonia nitrogen. There was decline in results of total count of bacterial, oxygen consumption, general hardness and nitrate nitrogen from direct drinking water to tap water, with significant difference(t=3.291,P<0.05;Z=5.396,P<0.05;Z=6.587,P<0.05;Z=3.589,P<0.05).Conclusions: The design and layout of the direct drinking water project of the campus pipeline is reasonable, with a perfect and effective maintenance and management institution. The quality of water processed by the system is good, reaching the water quality standard of the living water. Drinking water can be safe to drink.
Objective: To understand the current situation of pipeline direct drinking water system of a college in Ganzhou. Methods: The pipeline direct drinking water system was considered as the research subject with investigation on water treatment process and equipments, water purification rooms sites and layout, direct drinking water terminals distribution and sanitary conditions, water supply pipes, management and maintenance of the system and quality of direct drinking water. Twenty samples of direct drinking water and tap water were collected simultaneously for detection, which were selected randomly in campus. The indexes included turbidity and chromaticity,total count of bacterial, total coliform group and thermotolerant coliform group, oxygen consumption, general hardness, residual chlorine, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen. Excel was used for data entry and SPSS was used for analyzing data. Results: The school pipeline direct drinking water project carried out the professional technical specifications and standards of the country. The core of water treatment is the reverse osmosis treatment system. There were a total of two water purification machines in campus, and the location and layout of the system meet the industrial requirements. The direct drinking water terminals were well configured and kept clean. The filter membrane and filter core were replaced regularly and regular closed disinfection in the tube is conducted, and detection of direct drinking water is random. Laboratory tests showed that the qualified rate of direct drinking water and tap water was 90% and 80% respectively, and the unqualified item of both direct drinking water and tap water was ammonia nitrogen. There was decline in results of total count of bacterial, oxygen consumption, general hardness and nitrate nitrogen from direct drinking water to tap water, with significant difference(t=3.291,P<0.05;Z=5.396,P<0.05;Z=6.587,P<0.05;Z=3.589,P<0.05).Conclusions: The design and layout of the direct drinking water project of the campus pipeline is reasonable, with a perfect and effective maintenance and management institution. The quality of water processed by the system is good, reaching the water quality standard of the living water. Drinking water can be safe to drink.
引文
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[7] 付晔,蔡跃,张鑫毅,等.闵行区各类中小学管道直饮水卫生状况调查研究[J].中国实用医药,2012,7(24):268-270.
[8] 孙中兴,姜永根.上海某区学校超滤直饮水水质评价及影响因素[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(5):436-440.
[9] 黄培枝,陈剑锋,黄小金.厦门市部分市属中小学直饮水检测结果分析[J].中国校医,2017,31(1):22-23.
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[14] 刘玉红,张崛,崔永强,等.2006～2013年北京市昌平区中小学校管道直饮水微生物检测结果[J].职业与健康,2014,30(20):2952-2954.
[15] 蒋兆峰,韦镇萍,韩颖.镇江市不同供水方式学校直饮水卫生质量检测结果分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(7):1111-1113.
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[17] 张崛,崔永强,刘玉红,等.2013年北京市昌平区中小学校管道直饮水现状调查[J].职业与健康,2015,31(3):378-381.
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[19] 甘日华,张永慧,叶兵,等.广东省管道直饮水系统卫生学调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(1):45-49.
[20] 姜永根,孙中兴.上海市松江区2015年学校直饮水水质监测结果分析[J].上海预防医学,2017,29(6):490-492.
[21] 孙长颢.营养与食品卫生学[M].第7版.北京:人民卫生出社,2007:515-518.
[22] 钟晓萍.HACCP原理在广州市管道直饮水卫生监管中的推广应用[D].广州:中山大学,2009.
[23] J.Mullenger,G.Ryan and J.Hearn.IWA Publishing 2002,A water authority'S experience with HACCP[J].Water Supply,2002,2(5-6):149-155.
[24] Dewettinck Tect.HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points)to guarantee safe water reuse and drinking water production——a case study[J].Water Sci Techn01,2001,43(12):31-38.
[25] Yokoi H,Embutsu I,Yoda M,et al.Study on the introduction of hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP)concept of the water quality management in water supply systems[J].Water Sci Techn01,2006,53(4-5):483-92.
[26] 金祯文,罗昭军.学校管道直饮水卫生监督管理模式初探[J].中国卫生监督志,2013,20(2):128-131.
[2] 王翠,纪经纬.青岛市学校直饮水卫生管理现状调查及对策研究[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2016,23(3):283-286.
[3] 施红,李恩.厦门市思明区学校直饮水卫生状况[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(12):1521-1522.
[4] 黄峥,毛洁,应亮,等.2010年上海世博会直饮水检测指标选择的研究[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2011,18(3):220-223.
[5] 盛军,孙晓霖,霍国全.2011年青岛市崂山区学校管道直饮水卫生状况调查[J].预防医学论坛,2012,18(4):282-284.
[6] 蔡劲松,郭碧霞,吴志辉,等.广州市天河区部分中小学校管道直饮水卫生状况调查分析[J].华南预防医学,2012,38(3):64-66.
[7] 付晔,蔡跃,张鑫毅,等.闵行区各类中小学管道直饮水卫生状况调查研究[J].中国实用医药,2012,7(24):268-270.
[8] 孙中兴,姜永根.上海某区学校超滤直饮水水质评价及影响因素[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(5):436-440.
[9] 黄培枝,陈剑锋,黄小金.厦门市部分市属中小学直饮水检测结果分析[J].中国校医,2017,31(1):22-23.
[10] 麻尚春.广东省管道直饮水卫生现状调查及对策探讨[D].广州:中山大学,2004.
[11] 陈志鳌,黄爱萍.桶装纯净水生产现场的卫生学调查[J].实用预防医学,2002(2):162.
[12] 黎毅.佛山市学校直饮水卫生现况调查和影响因素分析[D].广州:中山大学,2010.
[13] 陆贞玉,付小凤,陈雯,等.2013年桂林市55所学校直饮水监测结果分析[J].中国校医,2014,28(8):607.
[14] 刘玉红,张崛,崔永强,等.2006～2013年北京市昌平区中小学校管道直饮水微生物检测结果[J].职业与健康,2014,30(20):2952-2954.
[15] 蒋兆峰,韦镇萍,韩颖.镇江市不同供水方式学校直饮水卫生质量检测结果分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(7):1111-1113.
[16] 钟逸雯,丁珊,陈义忠.广州市越秀区2012年学校直饮水检测结果分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(10):1275-1276.
[17] 张崛,崔永强,刘玉红,等.2013年北京市昌平区中小学校管道直饮水现状调查[J].职业与健康,2015,31(3):378-381.
[18] 杨克敌.环境卫生学[M].第7版.北京:人民卫生出社,2012:173-174.
[19] 甘日华,张永慧,叶兵,等.广东省管道直饮水系统卫生学调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2009,26(1):45-49.
[20] 姜永根,孙中兴.上海市松江区2015年学校直饮水水质监测结果分析[J].上海预防医学,2017,29(6):490-492.
[21] 孙长颢.营养与食品卫生学[M].第7版.北京:人民卫生出社,2007:515-518.
[22] 钟晓萍.HACCP原理在广州市管道直饮水卫生监管中的推广应用[D].广州:中山大学,2009.
[23] J.Mullenger,G.Ryan and J.Hearn.IWA Publishing 2002,A water authority'S experience with HACCP[J].Water Supply,2002,2(5-6):149-155.
[24] Dewettinck Tect.HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points)to guarantee safe water reuse and drinking water production——a case study[J].Water Sci Techn01,2001,43(12):31-38.
[25] Yokoi H,Embutsu I,Yoda M,et al.Study on the introduction of hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP)concept of the water quality management in water supply systems[J].Water Sci Techn01,2006,53(4-5):483-92.
[26] 金祯文,罗昭军.学校管道直饮水卫生监督管理模式初探[J].中国卫生监督志,2013,20(2):128-131.