钼基材料的强韧化技术研究现状和发展趋势
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摘要
钼材料具有导热导电性能好、高强度、高熔点等优点,广泛应用于诸多领域,例如,在核能和航空航天工业中用于制造聚变反应器转向器部件和导弹燃烧室等,在机械工业中用做刀具等零件。但是,当钼材料在高温条件下时,其抗蠕变性能、高温强度以及抗氧化性能都会显著下降,很大程度上影响了材料在诸多领域中的应用。本文主要综述了用不同的方法来提高钼基材料的强韧性,包括合金化、第二相弥散和大塑性变形,介绍了这些方法的机理和对钼材料的改善效果,并对未来钼基材料强韧化研究方向做出了展望。
Molybdenum material has the advantages of good thermal conductivity, high strength, high melting point and so on, which is widely used in many fields, for example, in the nuclear and aerospace industries for the manufacture of convergent reactor diverter components and missile combustion chamber; in the machinery industry for cutting tools and other parts. However, when the molybdenum material under high temperature conditions, its creep resistance, high temperature strength and antioxidant properties will be significantly reduced, affecting the application of the material in many fields to a great extent. This article mainly reviewed the use of different methods to improve the toughness of molybdenum-based materials, including alloying, second-phase dispersion and severe plastic deformation, the mechanism of these methods and the improvement effect of molybdenum materials were introduced, and the future research direction of molybdenum-based materials was forecasted.
Molybdenum material has the advantages of good thermal conductivity, high strength, high melting point and so on, which is widely used in many fields, for example, in the nuclear and aerospace industries for the manufacture of convergent reactor diverter components and missile combustion chamber; in the machinery industry for cutting tools and other parts. However, when the molybdenum material under high temperature conditions, its creep resistance, high temperature strength and antioxidant properties will be significantly reduced, affecting the application of the material in many fields to a great extent. This article mainly reviewed the use of different methods to improve the toughness of molybdenum-based materials, including alloying, second-phase dispersion and severe plastic deformation, the mechanism of these methods and the improvement effect of molybdenum materials were introduced, and the future research direction of molybdenum-based materials was forecasted.
引文
[1]El-GENK M S,TOURNIER J M.A review of refractory metal alloys and mechanically alloyed-oxide dispersion strengthened steels for space nuclear power systems[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2005,340(1):93-112.
[2]PEREPEZKO J H.The hotter the engine,the better[J].Science,2009,326(5956):1068-1069.
[3]FAN J L,LU M Y,CHENG H C,TIAN J M,HUANG B Y.Effect of alloying elements Ti,Zr on the property and microstructure of molybdenum[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(1):78-82.
[4]TABERNIG B,REHEIS N.Joining of molybdenum and its application[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2010,28(6):728-733.
[5]COCKERAM B V.The fracture toughness and toughening mechanism of commercially available unalloyed molybdenum and oxide dispersion strengthened molybdenum with an equiaxed,large grain structure[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2009,40(12):2843-2860.
[6]COCKERAM B V,SMITH R W,HASHIMOTO N,SNEADL L.The swelling,microstructure,and hardening of wrought LCAC,TZM,and ODS molybdenum following neutron irradiation[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,418(1/3):121-136.
[7]CLEMENTSON J,BEIERSDORFER P,LENNARTSSON T.Atomic data of tungsten for current and future uses in fusion and plasma science[J].Atoms,2012,1525(1):78-83.
[8]RIETH M,DUDAREV S L,GONZALEZ DE VICENTE SM,AKTAA J,AHLGREN T,ANTUSCH S,et al.Recent progress in research on tungsten materials for nuclear fusion applications in Europe[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2013,432(1/3):482-500.
[9]ZHANG G J,LIN X H,LIU G,ZHANG N N,SUN J.The influence of silicon content on microstructure and hardness of Mo-Si alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2011,29(1):96-103.
[10]OHSER-WIEDEMANN R,MARTIN U,MüLLER A,SCHREIBER G.Spark plasma sintering of Mo-W powders prepared by mechanical alloying[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2013,560(3):27-32.
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[12]HAN Y,FAN J L,LIU T,CHENG H C,TIAN J M.The effects of ball-milling treatment on the densification behavior of ultra-fine tungsten powder[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2011,29(6):743-750.
[13]LEICHTFRIED G,SCHNEIBEL J H,HEILMAIER M.Ductility and impact resistance of powder-metallurgical molybdenum-rhenium alloys[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2006,37(10):2955-2961.
[14]J?RG T,MUSIC D,HAUSER F,CORDILL M J,FRANZ R,K?STENBAUER H,WINKLERJ,SCHNEIDER J M,MITTERER C.Deformation behavior of Re alloyed Mo thin films on flexible substrates:In situ fragmentation analysis supported by first-principles calculations[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):7374.
[15]成会朝,范景莲,卢明园,李鹏飞,田家敏.强韧Mo-0.1Zr合金的制备、性能及组织[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(1):114-120.CHENG Hui-chao,FAN Jing-lian,LU Ming-yuan,LI Pengfei,TIAN Jia-min.Preparation,performance and structure of high tenacious Mo-0.1Zr alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(1):114-120.
[16]FAN J L,LU M Y,CHENG H C,TIAN J M,HUANG B Y.Effect of alloying elements Ti,Zr on the property and microstructure of molybdenum[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(1):78-82.
[17]LI R,ZHANG G J,LI B,CHEN X,REN S,WANG J,SUN J.The multi-scale microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of Mo-12Si-8.5Bx Zr(at.%)alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2017,68:65-74.
[18]HU P,HU B L,WANG K S,SONG R,YANG F,YU Z T,TAN J F,CAO W C,LIU D X,AN G,GUO L,YU H L.Strengthening and elongation mechanism of lanthanumdoped titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,678:315-319.
[19]CUI C P,GAO Y M,WEI S Z,ZHANG G S,ZHOU YC,ZHU X W.Microstructure and high temperature deformation behavior of the Mo-Zr O2alloys[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2017,716(8):321-329.
[20]CHENG P M,ZHANG G J,ZHANG J Y,LIU G,SUN J.Coupling effect of intergranular and intragranular particles on ductile fracture of Mo-La2O3 alloys[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2015,640:320-329.
[21]LIU G,ZHANG G J,JIANG F,DING X D,SUN Y J,SUN J,MA E.Nanostructured high-strength molybdenum alloys with unprecedented tensile ductility[J].Nature Materials,2013,12(4):344-350.
[22]CHENG P M,LI S L,ZHANG G J,ZHANG J Y,LIU G,SUN J.Ductilizing Mo-La2O3 alloys with ZrB2 addition[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,619:345-353.
[23]ZHANG G J,ZHA Y,LI B,HE W,SUN J.Effects of lanthanum oxide content on mechanical properties of mechanical alloying Mo-12Si-8.5B(at.%)alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2013,41:585-589.
[24]ZHANG Guo-jun,DANG Qian,KOU Hao,WANGRui-hong,LIU Gang,SUN Jun.Microstructure and mechanical properties of lanthanum oxide-doped Mo-12Si-8.5B(at%)alloys[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2013,577(11):S493-S498.
[25]XU L J,WEI S Z,ZHANG DD,LI Y,ZHANG G S,LI J W.Fine structure and interface characteristic ofα-Al2O3 in molybdenum alloy[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2013,41:483-488.
[26]CHEN H,SHAO X,WANG C Z,PU X P,ZHAO X C,HUANG B X,MA J.Mechanical and wear properties of Mo5Si3-Mo3Si-Al2O3 composites[J].Intermetallics,2017,85:15-25.
[27]ZHOU Y C,GAO Y M,WEI S Z,PAN K M,HU Y J.Preparation and characterization of Mo/Al2O3composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,54:186-195.
[28]XU L J,WEI S Z,LI J W,ZHANG G S,DAI B Z.Preparation,microstructure and properties of molybdenum alloys reinforced by in-situ Al2O3particles[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2012,30(1):208-212.
[29]AHMADI E,MALEKZADEH M,SADRNEZHAAD S K.Preparation of nanostructured high-temperature TZM alloy by mechanical alloying and sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2011,29(1):141-145.
[30]MORIYAMA T,YOSHIMI K,ZHAO M,MASNOU T,YOKOYAMA T,NAKAMURA J,KATSUI H,GOTO T.Room-temperature fracture toughness of MoSiBTiC alloys[J].Intermetallics,2017,84:92-102.
[31]MIYAMOTO S,YOSHIMI K,HA S H,KANEKO T,NAKAMURA J,SATO T,MARUYAMA K,TU R,GOTO T.Phase equilibria,microstructure,and high-temperature strength of Ti C-added Mo-Si-B alloys[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2014,45(3):1112-1123.
[32]HIRAOKA Y.Strengths and ductility of Mo-TiC alloys after secondary recrystallization[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2003,21(5/6):265-270.
[33]OHSER-WIEDEMANN R,WECK C,MARTIN U,MüLLER A,SEIFERT H J.Spark plasma sintering of TiCparticle-reinforced molybdenum composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2012,32:1-6.
[34]BROWNING P N,FIGNAR J,KULKARNI A,SINGH J.Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of Mo-TZMalloyed with nanotitaniumcarbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2017,62:78-84.
[35]YAVAS B,GOLLER G.Investigation the effect of B4Caddition on properties of TZM alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,58:182-188.
[36]VALIEV R Z,LANGDON T G.Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement[J].Progress in Materials Science,2006,51(7):881-981.
[37]ZHILYAEV A P,LANGDON T G.Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing:Fundamentals and applications[J].Progress in Materials Science,2008,53(6):893-979.
[38]ROSALIE J M,GUO J M,PIPPAN R,ZHANG Z L.On nanostructured molybdenum-copper composites produced by high-pressure torsion[J].Journal of Materials Science,2017,52(3):1-12.
[39]ISIK M,NIINOMI M,CHO K,NAKAI M,LIU HH,YILMAZER H,HORITA Z,SATO S,NARUSHIMA T.Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloy subjected to high-pressure torsion[J].Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,2015,59:226.
[40]WANG X,LI P,XUE K M.An analysis on microstructure and grain size of molybdenum powder material processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2015,24(11):4510-4517.
[41]薛克敏,王晓溪,李萍,王成,张翔.纯钼粉末多孔烧结材料ECAP的数值模拟及实验[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(1):198-204.XUE Ke-min,WANG Xiao-xi,LI Ping,WANG Cheng,ZHANG Xiang.Numerical simulation and experiment of pure molybdenum powder sintered material with porosities during ECAP[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(1):198-204.
[2]PEREPEZKO J H.The hotter the engine,the better[J].Science,2009,326(5956):1068-1069.
[3]FAN J L,LU M Y,CHENG H C,TIAN J M,HUANG B Y.Effect of alloying elements Ti,Zr on the property and microstructure of molybdenum[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(1):78-82.
[4]TABERNIG B,REHEIS N.Joining of molybdenum and its application[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2010,28(6):728-733.
[5]COCKERAM B V.The fracture toughness and toughening mechanism of commercially available unalloyed molybdenum and oxide dispersion strengthened molybdenum with an equiaxed,large grain structure[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2009,40(12):2843-2860.
[6]COCKERAM B V,SMITH R W,HASHIMOTO N,SNEADL L.The swelling,microstructure,and hardening of wrought LCAC,TZM,and ODS molybdenum following neutron irradiation[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,418(1/3):121-136.
[7]CLEMENTSON J,BEIERSDORFER P,LENNARTSSON T.Atomic data of tungsten for current and future uses in fusion and plasma science[J].Atoms,2012,1525(1):78-83.
[8]RIETH M,DUDAREV S L,GONZALEZ DE VICENTE SM,AKTAA J,AHLGREN T,ANTUSCH S,et al.Recent progress in research on tungsten materials for nuclear fusion applications in Europe[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2013,432(1/3):482-500.
[9]ZHANG G J,LIN X H,LIU G,ZHANG N N,SUN J.The influence of silicon content on microstructure and hardness of Mo-Si alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2011,29(1):96-103.
[10]OHSER-WIEDEMANN R,MARTIN U,MüLLER A,SCHREIBER G.Spark plasma sintering of Mo-W powders prepared by mechanical alloying[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2013,560(3):27-32.
[11]WESEMANN I,HOFFMANN A,MROTZEK T,MARTINU.Investigation of solid solution hardening in molybdenum alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2010,28(6):709-715.
[12]HAN Y,FAN J L,LIU T,CHENG H C,TIAN J M.The effects of ball-milling treatment on the densification behavior of ultra-fine tungsten powder[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2011,29(6):743-750.
[13]LEICHTFRIED G,SCHNEIBEL J H,HEILMAIER M.Ductility and impact resistance of powder-metallurgical molybdenum-rhenium alloys[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2006,37(10):2955-2961.
[14]J?RG T,MUSIC D,HAUSER F,CORDILL M J,FRANZ R,K?STENBAUER H,WINKLERJ,SCHNEIDER J M,MITTERER C.Deformation behavior of Re alloyed Mo thin films on flexible substrates:In situ fragmentation analysis supported by first-principles calculations[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):7374.
[15]成会朝,范景莲,卢明园,李鹏飞,田家敏.强韧Mo-0.1Zr合金的制备、性能及组织[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(1):114-120.CHENG Hui-chao,FAN Jing-lian,LU Ming-yuan,LI Pengfei,TIAN Jia-min.Preparation,performance and structure of high tenacious Mo-0.1Zr alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(1):114-120.
[16]FAN J L,LU M Y,CHENG H C,TIAN J M,HUANG B Y.Effect of alloying elements Ti,Zr on the property and microstructure of molybdenum[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2009,27(1):78-82.
[17]LI R,ZHANG G J,LI B,CHEN X,REN S,WANG J,SUN J.The multi-scale microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of Mo-12Si-8.5Bx Zr(at.%)alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2017,68:65-74.
[18]HU P,HU B L,WANG K S,SONG R,YANG F,YU Z T,TAN J F,CAO W C,LIU D X,AN G,GUO L,YU H L.Strengthening and elongation mechanism of lanthanumdoped titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,678:315-319.
[19]CUI C P,GAO Y M,WEI S Z,ZHANG G S,ZHOU YC,ZHU X W.Microstructure and high temperature deformation behavior of the Mo-Zr O2alloys[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2017,716(8):321-329.
[20]CHENG P M,ZHANG G J,ZHANG J Y,LIU G,SUN J.Coupling effect of intergranular and intragranular particles on ductile fracture of Mo-La2O3 alloys[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2015,640:320-329.
[21]LIU G,ZHANG G J,JIANG F,DING X D,SUN Y J,SUN J,MA E.Nanostructured high-strength molybdenum alloys with unprecedented tensile ductility[J].Nature Materials,2013,12(4):344-350.
[22]CHENG P M,LI S L,ZHANG G J,ZHANG J Y,LIU G,SUN J.Ductilizing Mo-La2O3 alloys with ZrB2 addition[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2014,619:345-353.
[23]ZHANG G J,ZHA Y,LI B,HE W,SUN J.Effects of lanthanum oxide content on mechanical properties of mechanical alloying Mo-12Si-8.5B(at.%)alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2013,41:585-589.
[24]ZHANG Guo-jun,DANG Qian,KOU Hao,WANGRui-hong,LIU Gang,SUN Jun.Microstructure and mechanical properties of lanthanum oxide-doped Mo-12Si-8.5B(at%)alloys[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2013,577(11):S493-S498.
[25]XU L J,WEI S Z,ZHANG DD,LI Y,ZHANG G S,LI J W.Fine structure and interface characteristic ofα-Al2O3 in molybdenum alloy[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2013,41:483-488.
[26]CHEN H,SHAO X,WANG C Z,PU X P,ZHAO X C,HUANG B X,MA J.Mechanical and wear properties of Mo5Si3-Mo3Si-Al2O3 composites[J].Intermetallics,2017,85:15-25.
[27]ZHOU Y C,GAO Y M,WEI S Z,PAN K M,HU Y J.Preparation and characterization of Mo/Al2O3composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,54:186-195.
[28]XU L J,WEI S Z,LI J W,ZHANG G S,DAI B Z.Preparation,microstructure and properties of molybdenum alloys reinforced by in-situ Al2O3particles[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2012,30(1):208-212.
[29]AHMADI E,MALEKZADEH M,SADRNEZHAAD S K.Preparation of nanostructured high-temperature TZM alloy by mechanical alloying and sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2011,29(1):141-145.
[30]MORIYAMA T,YOSHIMI K,ZHAO M,MASNOU T,YOKOYAMA T,NAKAMURA J,KATSUI H,GOTO T.Room-temperature fracture toughness of MoSiBTiC alloys[J].Intermetallics,2017,84:92-102.
[31]MIYAMOTO S,YOSHIMI K,HA S H,KANEKO T,NAKAMURA J,SATO T,MARUYAMA K,TU R,GOTO T.Phase equilibria,microstructure,and high-temperature strength of Ti C-added Mo-Si-B alloys[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions A,2014,45(3):1112-1123.
[32]HIRAOKA Y.Strengths and ductility of Mo-TiC alloys after secondary recrystallization[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2003,21(5/6):265-270.
[33]OHSER-WIEDEMANN R,WECK C,MARTIN U,MüLLER A,SEIFERT H J.Spark plasma sintering of TiCparticle-reinforced molybdenum composites[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2012,32:1-6.
[34]BROWNING P N,FIGNAR J,KULKARNI A,SINGH J.Sintering behavior and mechanical properties of Mo-TZMalloyed with nanotitaniumcarbide[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2017,62:78-84.
[35]YAVAS B,GOLLER G.Investigation the effect of B4Caddition on properties of TZM alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2016,58:182-188.
[36]VALIEV R Z,LANGDON T G.Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement[J].Progress in Materials Science,2006,51(7):881-981.
[37]ZHILYAEV A P,LANGDON T G.Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing:Fundamentals and applications[J].Progress in Materials Science,2008,53(6):893-979.
[38]ROSALIE J M,GUO J M,PIPPAN R,ZHANG Z L.On nanostructured molybdenum-copper composites produced by high-pressure torsion[J].Journal of Materials Science,2017,52(3):1-12.
[39]ISIK M,NIINOMI M,CHO K,NAKAI M,LIU HH,YILMAZER H,HORITA Z,SATO S,NARUSHIMA T.Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloy subjected to high-pressure torsion[J].Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,2015,59:226.
[40]WANG X,LI P,XUE K M.An analysis on microstructure and grain size of molybdenum powder material processed by equal channel angular pressing[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2015,24(11):4510-4517.
[41]薛克敏,王晓溪,李萍,王成,张翔.纯钼粉末多孔烧结材料ECAP的数值模拟及实验[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(1):198-204.XUE Ke-min,WANG Xiao-xi,LI Ping,WANG Cheng,ZHANG Xiang.Numerical simulation and experiment of pure molybdenum powder sintered material with porosities during ECAP[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(1):198-204.
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