水稻秸秆-猪粪生物炭对黑麦草修复铀污染土壤的影响与机制
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摘要
以水稻秸秆和猪粪为材料,采用限氧控温法在400℃下制备生物炭,并分析其理化性质。通过盆栽实验,考察了不同配比的生物炭对黑麦草富集铀的影响及铀胁迫下黑麦草的生理生化响应规律。实验结果表明,混合生物炭的碱性随水稻秸秆含量的增加而增强,而生物炭的灰分随水稻秸秆含量的增加而减少。混合生物炭对黑麦草富集铀和转运铀的效果有较显著的提高,根部的铀富集效果明显优于茎叶部。水稻秸秆与猪粪质量配比为1∶1的混合生物炭效果最好,在土壤铀质量浓度为5mg/kg时,黑麦草对铀的富集量达746.79 mg/kg,比未施加生物炭的黑麦草提高了47.61%。施加混合生物炭后,黑麦草体内的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量明显减少,可溶性蛋白和光合色素含量增加,说明混合生物炭能有效缓解铀胁迫下黑麦草的逆境伤害程度和重金属迫害性,对植物生长及铀的富集有良好的促进作用。
Biochar was prepared with rice straw and pig manure at 400 ℃ by the oxygen restriction and temperature control method,and the physicochemical properties of biochar were determined.When the soil was fertilized with the mixed biochar,the bioconcentration effects and physiological response of Lolium perenne under the uranium stress were investigated through pot experiment. The test results show that alkalinity of mixed biochar increases with the increase of rice straw content,while the ash content of biochar decreases with the increase of rice straw content.Lolium perenne have excellent effects on the enrichment of uranium after the application of biochar,and the enrichment effect of root is superior to that of stem and leaf with the soil uranium concentration of 5 mg/kg. The maximum adsorption of 746.79 mg/kg is obtained when the mixed biochar with the ratio of rice straw to pig manure at 1 ∶ 1. The content of malonaldehyde(MDA) decreased significantly,but the content of soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment increased in Lolium perenne after the soil has applied mixed biochar.This study show that mixed biochar can effectively alleviate the damage of uranium on the Lolium perenne,as well as promot the growth of plants and uranium enrichment.
Biochar was prepared with rice straw and pig manure at 400 ℃ by the oxygen restriction and temperature control method,and the physicochemical properties of biochar were determined.When the soil was fertilized with the mixed biochar,the bioconcentration effects and physiological response of Lolium perenne under the uranium stress were investigated through pot experiment. The test results show that alkalinity of mixed biochar increases with the increase of rice straw content,while the ash content of biochar decreases with the increase of rice straw content.Lolium perenne have excellent effects on the enrichment of uranium after the application of biochar,and the enrichment effect of root is superior to that of stem and leaf with the soil uranium concentration of 5 mg/kg. The maximum adsorption of 746.79 mg/kg is obtained when the mixed biochar with the ratio of rice straw to pig manure at 1 ∶ 1. The content of malonaldehyde(MDA) decreased significantly,but the content of soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment increased in Lolium perenne after the soil has applied mixed biochar.This study show that mixed biochar can effectively alleviate the damage of uranium on the Lolium perenne,as well as promot the growth of plants and uranium enrichment.
引文
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[13]张鹏,武健羽,李力,等.猪粪制备的生物炭对西维因的吸附与催化水解作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):416-421.
[14]李洁,曹艳,杨红,等.空心莲子草水浸提液对小麦和油菜幼苗丙二醛含量的影响[J].云南农业科技,2017(5):4-6.
[15]蒋大程,高珊,高海伦,等.考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质含量中的细节问题[J].实验科学与技术,2018,16(3):143-147.
[16]罗亚雄,姜会钰,姚金波,等.鱼腥草色素的提取和丝绸染色[J].印染,2016,42(24):12-15.
[17]LU H L,ZHANG W H,YANG Y X,et al.Relative distribution of Pb2+sportion mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar[J].Water research,2012,46(3):854-862.
[18]UCHIMIYA M,WARTELLE L H,KLASSON K T,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar property and function as a heavy metal sorbent in soil[J].Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2011,59(6):2501-2510.
[19]BORCHARD N,PROST K,KAUTZ T,et al.Sorption of copper(II)and sulphate to different biochars before and after composting with farmyard manure[J]. European journal of soil science,2012,63(3):399-409.
[20]QIU Y P,CHENG H Y,XU C,et al.Surface characteristics of crop-residue-derived black carbon and lead(II)adsorption[J].Water research,2008,42(3):567-574.
[21] LIU D,LIU Z,WANG C,et al. Removal of uranium(VI)from aqueous solution using nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on activated charcoal[J]. Journal of radioanalytical&nuclear chemistry,2016,310(3):1-7.
[22]HADJITTOFI L,PASHALIDIS I.Uranium sorption from aqueous solutions by activated biochar fibres investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and batch experiments[J].Journal of radioanalytical&nuclear chemistry,2015,304(2):897-904.
[23]MISHRA V,SURESHKUMARS M K,GUPTA N,et al.Study on sorption characteristics of uranium onto biochar derived from eucalyptus wood[J].Water air&soil pollution,2017,228(8):309.
[24]YAKOUT S M.Effect of porosity and surface chemistry on the adsorption-desorption of uranium(VI)from aqueous solution and groundwater[J].Journal of radioanalytical&nuclear chemistry,2016,308(2):555-565.
[25]UPADHYAY R K,PANDA S K.Copper-induced growth inhibition,oxidative stress and ultrastructural alterations in freshly grown water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes L.)[J].Comptes rendus biologies,2009,332(7):623-632.
[26]JENNIFER C,NORA G.Cleaning up contaminants with plants[J].Biocycle,2005,46(8):30-32.
[27]DONG L,YANG J,MOU Y,et al.Effect of various environmental factors on the adsorption of U(VI)onto biochar derived from rice straw[J]. Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry,2017,314(1):377-386.
[28]MISHRA V K,TRIPATHI B D.Concurrent removal and accumulation of heavy metals by the three aquatic macrophytes[J]. Bioresource technology,2008,99(15):7091-7097.
[2]闻振乾,姚益轩,牛玉清,等.酸法地浸采铀过程中杂质离子的沉淀及对铀沉淀的影响[J].铀矿冶,2015,34(3):171-177.
[3]YI Z J,YAO J,ZHU M J,et al.Uranium biosorption from aqueous solution by the submerged aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata[J]. Water science&technology,2017,75(6):1332-1341.
[4]杨瑞丽,荣丽杉,杨金辉,等.柠檬酸对黑麦草修复铀污染土壤的影响[J].原子能科学技术,2016,50(10):1748-1755.
[5]CHU Z X,WANG X M,WANG Y M,et al.Effects of coal spoil amendment on heavy metal accumulation and physiological aspects of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)growing in copper mine tailings[J].Environmental monitoring and assessment,2018,190(1):36-48.
[6]BERTHELOT C,BLAUDEZ D,BEGUIRISTAIN T,et al.Co-inoculation of Lolium perenne with Funneliformis mosseae and the dark septate endophyte Cadophora sp in a trace element-polluted soil[J]. Mycorrhiza,2018,28(3),301-314.
[7]董双快,王丽萍,李典鹏,等.生物炭对苏丹草吸收Cd、Pb的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):186-191.
[8]XU P,SUN C X,YE X Z,et al.The effect of biochar and crop straws on heavy metal bioavailability and plant accumulation in a Cd and Pb polluted soil[J].Ecotoxicology&environmental safety,2016,132:94-100.
[9]荣丽杉,梁宇,凌辉,等.黑麦草对铀胁迫的生理响应及其积累特征研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(4):254-257.
[10]EDUARDO M J,RODRIGO S,ESTEBAN E,et al.Efficiency of organic and mineral based amendments to reduce metal[loid]mobility and uptake(Lolium perenne)from a pyrite-waste contaminated soil[J].Journal of geochemical exploration,2016,174:46-52.
[11]RADZIEMSKA M,VAVERKOVA M D,MAZUR Z.Pilot scale use of compost combined with sorbents to phytostabilize Ni-Contaminated soil using Lolium perenne L[J].Waste&biomass valorization,2017,8(10):1-11.
[12]简敏菲,高凯芳,余厚平.不同裂解温度对水稻秸秆制备生物炭及其特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1757-1765.
[13]张鹏,武健羽,李力,等.猪粪制备的生物炭对西维因的吸附与催化水解作用[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):416-421.
[14]李洁,曹艳,杨红,等.空心莲子草水浸提液对小麦和油菜幼苗丙二醛含量的影响[J].云南农业科技,2017(5):4-6.
[15]蒋大程,高珊,高海伦,等.考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质含量中的细节问题[J].实验科学与技术,2018,16(3):143-147.
[16]罗亚雄,姜会钰,姚金波,等.鱼腥草色素的提取和丝绸染色[J].印染,2016,42(24):12-15.
[17]LU H L,ZHANG W H,YANG Y X,et al.Relative distribution of Pb2+sportion mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar[J].Water research,2012,46(3):854-862.
[18]UCHIMIYA M,WARTELLE L H,KLASSON K T,et al.Influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar property and function as a heavy metal sorbent in soil[J].Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2011,59(6):2501-2510.
[19]BORCHARD N,PROST K,KAUTZ T,et al.Sorption of copper(II)and sulphate to different biochars before and after composting with farmyard manure[J]. European journal of soil science,2012,63(3):399-409.
[20]QIU Y P,CHENG H Y,XU C,et al.Surface characteristics of crop-residue-derived black carbon and lead(II)adsorption[J].Water research,2008,42(3):567-574.
[21] LIU D,LIU Z,WANG C,et al. Removal of uranium(VI)from aqueous solution using nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on activated charcoal[J]. Journal of radioanalytical&nuclear chemistry,2016,310(3):1-7.
[22]HADJITTOFI L,PASHALIDIS I.Uranium sorption from aqueous solutions by activated biochar fibres investigated by FTIR spectroscopy and batch experiments[J].Journal of radioanalytical&nuclear chemistry,2015,304(2):897-904.
[23]MISHRA V,SURESHKUMARS M K,GUPTA N,et al.Study on sorption characteristics of uranium onto biochar derived from eucalyptus wood[J].Water air&soil pollution,2017,228(8):309.
[24]YAKOUT S M.Effect of porosity and surface chemistry on the adsorption-desorption of uranium(VI)from aqueous solution and groundwater[J].Journal of radioanalytical&nuclear chemistry,2016,308(2):555-565.
[25]UPADHYAY R K,PANDA S K.Copper-induced growth inhibition,oxidative stress and ultrastructural alterations in freshly grown water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes L.)[J].Comptes rendus biologies,2009,332(7):623-632.
[26]JENNIFER C,NORA G.Cleaning up contaminants with plants[J].Biocycle,2005,46(8):30-32.
[27]DONG L,YANG J,MOU Y,et al.Effect of various environmental factors on the adsorption of U(VI)onto biochar derived from rice straw[J]. Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry,2017,314(1):377-386.
[28]MISHRA V K,TRIPATHI B D.Concurrent removal and accumulation of heavy metals by the three aquatic macrophytes[J]. Bioresource technology,2008,99(15):7091-7097.